WC_p含量对粉末冶金Cu/WC_p复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

通过粉末冶金热压烧结法制备高压电触头Cu/WC_p颗粒增强复合材料,研究WC_p颗粒含量(15%和3%,体积分数,下同)对Cu/WC_p复合材料的疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响,并结合SEM进行断口分析;利用原位SEM疲劳裂纹观测系统原位观察微裂纹萌生,分析颗粒对裂纹扩展路径的影响机制。结果表明:在相同应力强度因子幅(△K)下WC_p含量为15%的Cu/WC_p的疲劳裂纹扩展速率大于WC_p含量为3%的复合材料;颗粒含量的增加并没有提高复合材料的裂纹扩展门槛值△K_(th),这主要是因为颗粒和基体的界面属于弱界面;在疲劳过程中颗粒脱粘形成裂纹源,不同脱牯微裂纹连接长大形成主裂纹是Cu/WC_p颗粒增强复合材料的疲劳损伤形式;当主裂纹尖端和颗粒WC_p相互作用时裂纹基本沿着颗粒界面往前扩展;复合材料的断裂模式从WC_p低含量3%时的颗粒脱粘-裂纹在基体里穿晶断裂,过渡为WC_p高含量15%时颗粒脱粘-基体被撕裂为主。     

750℃时效对GH4742合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

研究了在750℃时效处理的GH4742合金的组织演化对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响。结果表明,随着时效时间的延长合金中的块状一次γ′相长大且其边界圆滑化,花瓣状二次γ′相沿界面分裂,三次γ′相回溶在基体中或聚集长大成圆角方形γ′相。随着时效时间的延长合金疲劳裂纹的扩展速率呈增加趋势,主裂纹以绕过一次和二次γ′相的方式扩展。近门槛区的疲劳裂纹扩展速率对组织较为敏感,一次γ′相和二次γ′相边界的圆滑化使疲劳裂纹扩展速率提高,三次γ′相适当粗化可提高合金强度和ΔK较低区域裂纹的扩展抗力;Paris区和快速扩展区的应力强度因子范围ΔK较高,组织对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响降低。     

块体择优取向纳米孪晶铜的优异抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能（英文）

本文研究了具有不同微观结构(如晶粒尺寸和孪晶厚度)的块体择优取向纳米孪晶Cu(NT-Cu)的疲劳裂纹扩展(FCG)特性,着重讨论了裂纹闭合效应和近门槛值区域的本征FCG阻力.与传统无孪晶的粗晶Cu相比, NT-Cu样品表现出显著提升的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力(有效门槛值应力强度因子范围,?K_th,eff).这种增强的裂纹扩展阻力与NT-Cu中特殊的跨孪晶位错滑移模式有关.该位错主导着NT-Cu裂纹尖端的循环变形,有效降低了裂纹尖端循环滑移不可逆水平,从而提高了纳米孪晶材料损伤扩展的本征抗力.     

WNQ570桥梁钢及其对接焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展性能试验研究

对WNQ570桥梁钢及其对接焊缝进行了疲劳裂纹扩展速率和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值测定试验,采用两种不同数据拟合方法分别得到具有95%保证率的疲劳裂纹扩展参数。结果表明：本批次的WNQ570钢材具有良好的疲劳裂纹扩展性能,其中对接焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展速率高于母材;在应力强度因子幅值处于10 MPa·m^1/2～70 MPa·m^1/2的常规区间时,基于单试件数据点的处理结果对应的裂纹扩展速率明显高于基于成组数据点的处理结果;WNQ570的疲劳裂纹扩展速率随应力比增加而增加,疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值随应力比增加而降低。     

SiC颗粒体积分数对SiCp/Al复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

本文通过对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的测试和对疲劳裂纹扩展路径及疲劳断口的观察分析,研完了SiC颗粒体积分数对SiCp/Al复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展的影响.结果表明:随着SiC颗粒体积分数的增加,复合材料疲劳裂纹扩展抗力增加,但只有SiC颗粒体积分数为15％时,复合材料的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力才优于基体.      

不同时效态3J21合金疲劳行为

在MTS万能实验机上对室温大气环境下欠时效态、峰时效态和过时效态3J21合金的疲劳行为进行研究,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对宏观断口及微观断口进行分析.结果表明:不同时效态疲劳裂纹均呈穿晶扩展,欠时效态3J21合金疲劳裂纹萌生寿命最长,扩展途径比较曲折,扩展速率最小,表现出最大的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力,疲劳寿命最长.而过时效态3J21合金的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命最短,沿晶扩展的比例增加,扩展途径相对平直,扩展速率最大,裂纹扩展抗力最小,疲劳寿命最低;峰时效态合金介于两者之间.不同时效态的疲劳断口均由疲劳源、疲劳裂纹扩展区和瞬断区组成.在低速扩展区,欠时效态断口呈现小平面,峰时效态和过时效态断口呈现冰糖状花样,在中速扩展区均未看到长的疲劳条纹,仅发现个别细小的疲劳条纹.     

SiC晶须增强LD2铝复合材料的时效

本文利用显微硬度和透射电镜研究了SiC晶须增强LD2铝(SiCw/LD2)的时效。结果表明,在150℃和170℃下时效时,SiCw/LD2复合材料及LD2合金的析出相为G.P.区。SiCw/LD2复合材料的时效过程比LD2合金略有提前。     

超细晶纯钛疲劳裂纹的扩展行为

对纯钛进行2道次室温等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)、等径弯曲通道变形加旋锻复合变形(ECAP+RS)并在旋锻后在300℃和400℃退火1 h,制备出4种具有不同组织的超细晶纯钛。对这4种超细晶纯钛进行疲劳裂纹扩展实验并观察分析超细晶纯钛的显微组织和疲劳断口的形貌,研究了裂纹的扩展行为。结果表明：显微组织对超细晶纯钛的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值和近门槛区有显著的影响;超细晶纯钛的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值随着塑性变形量的增大而增大,随着旋锻后退火温度的提高而降低;疲劳裂纹扩展速率曲线因超细晶纯钛晶粒尺寸和强度的影响出现转折,转折前ECAP+RS复合变形纯钛的抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力比ECAP变形强,且随着退火温度的提高而降低;转折后4种超细晶纯钛的疲劳裂纹扩展速率相差较小,呈现出相反的结果。疲劳裂纹扩展寿命中转折前近门槛区裂纹扩展寿命占绝大部分,因而转折前的门槛值与近门槛区的扩展速率对抗裂纹扩展能力更为重要。     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展规律

针对熔模铸造Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的等幅疲劳裂纹扩展速率和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值进行了研究。结果表明：该钛合金CT试样的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值高于CCT试样的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值,同一类试样的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值随着应力比的增加呈下降趋势;疲劳裂纹扩展速率随着平均应力的增加以及应力水平的增加而增大;根据疲劳裂纹扩展试验数据拟合了Ti-6Al-4V钛合金Paris方程和Walker方程中的相关材料参数,以为材料的使用寿命评估及损伤容限设计提供参考。     

温度对TC4-DT损伤容限型钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

对TC4-DT损伤容限型钛合金在150℃,25℃下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN进行了测试,给出了扩展速率和应力强度因子幅值△K之间的关系曲线.用SEM对2种温度下断口形貌进行了观测,实验结果表明,150℃的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试样具有较低的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,25℃的疲劳裂纹扩展速率试样具有较低的门槛值;稳态扩展区解理断裂和条带循环机制共存,150℃的da/dN试样中的疲劳辉间距比25℃试样细;快速扩展区的断口形貌呈韧窝型静载断裂特征,150℃的da/dN试样中的韧窝比25℃试样深.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.