Pu在铁及铁氧化物上的吸附行为研究

为了解放射性核素在可能作为高放废物固化体包装容器材料及其腐蚀产物上的吸附行为,研究了包装容器材料的主要组分铁及铁的腐蚀产物FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O4对Pu的吸附行为,探讨了水相pH值（1．0～10．0）,CO3^2-离子浓度（4．0 mmol/L～0．1mol/L）等因素对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,Pu在铁及其氧化物上的吸附能力随水相pH值增大而增大;实验环境中氧浓度变化对Pu在铁及其氧化物上的吸附影响较小;CO3^2-浓度增大不利于Pu的吸附。     

99Tc在Fe,Fe2O3和Fe3O4上的吸附行为研究

用批式法研究了大气条件下99Tc在Fe,Fe2O3和Fe3O4上的吸附行为,考察了吸附平衡后溶液中99Tc的存在价态.实验结果表明随着溶液pH值(5～12)、CO2-3浓度(1×10-8～1×10-2 mol/L)的增大,99Tc在Fe上的吸附比减小;溶液pH值、CO2-3浓度的变化基本不影响99Tc在Fe2O3和Fe3O4上的吸附;99Tc在这3种吸附材料上的吸附行为均可用Freundlich吸附等温式表示;当Fe作吸附材料时,吸附平衡后99Tc主要以Tc(Ⅳ)的形式被吸附,当Fe2O3和Fe3O4作为吸附材料时,99Tc主要以Tc(Ⅶ)的形式被吸附.     

Beam-foil study of 2p43s, 3p and 3d configurations in S VIII

The spectrum of seven times ionised sulphur, S VIII, has been observed from 450 to 1150 Å. About 30 lines have been identified as combinations between levels of the 2s²2p⁴3s, 3p and 3d configurations. The identifications are supported by isoelectronic comparisons along the FI isoelectronic sequence.     

Heats of formation of PuO2 AND U3O8

The heals of formation of PuO₂ and U₅O₃ have been determined by burning pure plutonium and uranium in a bomb calorimeter. The latter substance served for the development of the method. From two series of experiments there was found for PuO₂ the value H _298.16 ^* =–252.4±1.1 kcal/mole, and for U₃O₂ the value found Is H _298.16 ^* =–856.5±3.1 kcal₂₀./mole, which is in good agreement with the data in the literature.Deceased.     

高放废液和泥浆中F~-,Cl~-,NO_2~-,Br~-,PO_4~(3-)的测定

使用Y2×8阳离子交换树脂柱除去高放废液和泥浆样品中可能存在的阳离子,采用硼酸-葡萄糖酸钠作淋洗液,改变了出峰顺序,降低了大量NO-3对测定的影响.本方法已成功应用于高放废液及泥浆中F-,Cl-,NO-2,Br-,PO3-4和SO24-等阴离子的测定.     

The mechanism and kinetics of U2C3 formation by the synthetic reaction

In fast breeder reactors it is planned to use the fuel in the form of (U, Pu)C with a slight carbon hyperstoichiometry. It is therefore important to know under what conditions the synthetic reaction $\text{UC + UC}{}_2\text{U}{}_2\text{C}{}_3$ occurs, since the hyperstoichiometric carbon, which exists as a uranium dicarbide phase (UC₂) after manufacture, is to be converted to U₂C₃. The literature concerning the reaction conditions is partly contradictory. In this paper, the influence of thermal or mechanical pretreatments on the formation of U₂C₃ was investigated experimentally and is discussed in connection with other published data. It was found that the relative increase of the U₂C₃ nuclei density caused by grinding corresponds to the increase in surface of the ground material. A quantitative kinetic examination of the U₂C₃ formation was made and the activation energy for the synthetic reaction in powder was found to be $\text{394 ± 30}$ kJ/mol.     

Energy loss of 4He ions in AI2O3 and SiO2

From the ⁴He energy loss measurements in Al, Al₂O₃, Si and SiO₂, we have extracted stopping cross sections for “solid” oxygen over the energy range 0.2 to 2 MeV and at 5.48 MeV. Assuming linear additivity of atomic stopping cross sections, values for oxygen are 5.3 to 15% higher in SiO₂ than in Al₂O₃, indicating that discrepancies in the Bragg rule for these oxides are clearly not due to phase effects but to chemical binding effects.     

The enthalpy of formation of uf4 by fluorine bomb calorimetry

The energies of combustion in fluorine of two samples of uranium tetrafluoride, UF₄, were measured in a bomb calorimeter. Based on these measurements, the standard enthalpy of formation of crystalline UF₄, $\text{ΔH}{}^0{}_{\mathrm{f}}\text{(UF}{}_4\text{, c, 298.15 K) = ?1910.6 ± 2.0 kJ mol}{}^{-1}$ was derived.     

Relativistic many-body calculations of multipole (E1, M1, E2, M2, E3, and M3) transition wavelengths and rates between 3l4l′ excited and ground states in nickel-like ions

Wavelengths, transition rates, and line strengths are calculated for the 76 possible multipole (E1, M1, E2, M2, E3, and M3) transitions between the excited 3s²3p⁶3d⁹4l, 3s²3p⁵3d¹⁰4l, and 3s3p⁶3d¹⁰4l and the ground 3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰ states in Ni-like ions with the nuclear charges ranging from Z = 30 to 100. The relativistic many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT), including the Breit interaction, is used to evaluate energies and transition rates for multipole transitions in hole-particle systems. This method is based on relativistic many-body perturbation theory, agrees with MCDF calculations in lowest-order, includes all second-order correlation corrections, and includes corrections from negative energy states. The calculations start from a 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰ Dirac-Fock potential. First-order perturbation theory is used to obtain intermediate-coupling coefficients, and the second-order RMBPT is used to determine the matrix elements. The contributions from negative-energy states are included in the second-order E1, M1, E2, M2, E3, and M3 matrix elements. The resulting transition energies and transition rates are compared with experimental values and with results from other recent calculations. As a result, we present wavelengths and transition rates data for the selected transitions that include the 76 possible multipole (E1, M1, E2, M2, E3, and M3) transitions between the excited 3s²3p⁶3d⁹4l, 3s²3p⁵3d¹⁰4l, and 3s3p⁶3d¹⁰4l states and the ground 3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰ state in Ni-like ions. Trends of the line strengths for the 76 multipole transitions and oscillator strengths for the 13 E1 transitions as function of Z are illustrated graphically. The Z-dependence of the energy splitting for all triplet terms of the 3s²3p⁶3d⁹4l, 3s²3p⁵3d¹⁰4l, and 3s3p⁶3d¹⁰4l configurations are shown in the range of Z = 30-100.     

Recovery of neutron-irradiation-induced defects of Al2O3, Y2O3, and yttrium-aluminum garnet

SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites (SiC_f/SiC) are considered as one of the candidates for blanket materials in future fusion reactors and as an advanced fuel cladding material for next-generation fission reactors. Generally, the densification of SiC needs sintering additives and oxides such as Al₂O₃, Y₂O₃, and yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG, Y₃Al₅O₁₂), which are frequently added to SiC. However, the effects of neutron irradiation on sintering additives are still unclear. In this study, we performed the neutron irradiation of Al₂O₃, Y₂O₃, and YAG at fluences up to 2.0–2.5 × 10²⁴ n/m² (E > 0.1 MeV) at 60–90 °C. The isochronal recovery of the macroscopic volume of Al₂O₃ against annealing temperature showed smooth and continuous shrinkage at a temperature of up to 1200 °C, and the volume slightly increased above that temperature. In contrast, the volume of Y₂O₃ showed quick shrinkage at the low temperature range, and slower and smooth recovery was observed up to ～1100 °C. In the case of YAG, the recovery of volume occurred in a step-wise manner at 600–750 °C, and continuous shrinkage occurred at temperatures lower and higher than that temperature range. The activation energies for the macroscopic volume recoveries of three oxides were obtained from the Arrhenius plots of the rate coefficients. Two-stage recovery was observed for Al₂O₃, whereas more complicated recovery processes were suggested for Y₂O₃ and YAG.     

Electric-dipole allowed and intercombination transitions among the 3d, 3d4s and 3d4p levels of Fe IV

Oscillator strengths and transition rates for the electric-dipole (E1) allowed and intercombination transitions among 3d⁵, 3d⁴4s and 3d⁴4p levels of Fe IV are calculated using the CIV3 code of Hibbert and coworkers. Using the Hartree-Fock functions up to 3d orbitals we have also optimized 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f, 5s, 5p and 5d orbitals of which 4s and 4p are taken to be spectroscopic and the remaining orbitals represent corrections to the spectroscopic orbitals or the correlation effects. The J-dependent levels of 108 LS states are included in the calculation and the relativistic effects are accounted for via the Breit-Pauli operator. Configurations are chosen in two steps: (a) two promotions were allowed from the 3p, 3d, 4s and 4p subshells, using all the orbitals; and (b) selective promotions from the 3s subshell are included, but only to the 3s and 4s orbitals. The ab initio fine-structure levels are then fine tuned to reproduce observed energy levels as closely as possible, and the resulting wavefunctions are used to calculate oscillator strengths and transition rates for all possible E1 transitions. For many of these transitions, the present results show good agreement between the length and velocity forms while for some transitions, some large disagreements are found with other available results. The complete list of weighted oscillator strengths, transition rates, and line strengths for transitions among the fine structure levels of the three lowest configurations are presented in ascending order of wavelength.     

稀土氧化物Gd2O3、Nd2O3、Sm2O3和Dy2O3在KCl-LiCl-Li2O熔盐中的电解

采用循环伏安法和计时电位法研究了Li₂O在KCl-LiCl熔盐中的电化学行为,并利用卷积伏安法计算了923 K下O₂^-在KCl-LiCl熔盐中的扩散系数（D),得到D=0.5×10^-5 cm²/s。以Gd₂O₃、Nd₂O₃、Sm₂O₃和Dy₂O₃为阴极,在KCl-LiCl-Li₂O(w=1%)熔盐中进行电解（恒电压3.40 V、电解温度923 K、电解时间25 h）。通过X射线衍射分析(XRD),证实稀土氧化物被部分还原为金属,并分析了电解过程中可能发生的反应。同时利用PRS模型（该模型可将固态阴极内离子的极限扩散速率与固态氧化物孔隙P、金属/氧化物摩尔体积R、阴极还原后的体积收缩率S等参数关联）分析了这些稀土氧化物的电解还原模型,得到Gd₂O₃、Nd₂O₃、Sm₂O₃和Dy₂O₃的最优孔隙率分别为18.7%、24.2%、30.6%、16.7%,最短电解时间分别为133、157、143、119 h,将这些结果与电解实验结果进行对比,发现阴极的孔隙率和电解时间均不满足金属氧化物完全被还原的要求,并给出了相应的解释。     

The standard molar enthalpy of formation of CdMoO4

The molar enthalpies of solution of CdMoO₄(s), CdO(s), Na₂ MoO₄(s) and NaF(s) in (10 mol HF(aq) + 4.41 mol H₂O₂(aq)) dm⁻³ have been measured using an isoperibol type calorimeter. From these results and other auxiliary data, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of CdMoO₄(s) has been calculated to be Δ_fH°(298.15 K) = −(1034.3 ± 5.7) kJ mol⁻¹. This value of enthalpy of formation of CdMoO₄(s) agrees well with the estimated enthalpy of formation of this compound. There is no other report on the thermodynamic property measurements on this compound.     

秦二厂3号、4号机组反应堆保护系统T3试验改进

本文介绍了秦二厂3号、4号机组针对反应堆保护系统T3试验实施的改进,并对目前T3试验仍然存在问题提供了改进方法,为国内其他核电厂提供可以借鉴的经验。     

HNO3氧化去除Np-Pu反萃液中的H2C2O4

研究了用HNO3 氧化去除TRPO流程反萃Np Pu的H2 C2 O4反萃液中H2 C2 O4的条件。 7 5mol·L-1HNO3 0 .3mol·L-1H2 C2 O4混合液于 90℃下蒸发 1 3 0h和 1 0 0℃下蒸馏回流 6h ,H2 C2 O4可完全分解去除 ;混合液中添加适量催化剂MnCO3 ,于 1 0 0℃下蒸发或蒸馏回流 ,H2 C2 O4分解加速 ,1～ 1 5h内H2 C2 O4完全分解。蒸发或蒸馏回流过程中产生的HNO2 把Np(Ⅳ )氧化为Np(Ⅴ )和Np(Ⅵ ) ,95 %以上的Pu保持Pu(Ⅳ )。