常用超滤膜组合工艺在饮用水处理中的进展及应用

介绍了三种常用超滤膜组合工艺——混凝／超滤、常规处理／超滤、活性炭／超滤的特点和处理效果,并分类整理了近几年超滤膜组合工艺在饮用水处理中的研究进展以及相应的成功建设实例。     

垃圾渗滤液处理工艺实例分析

介绍了垃圾渗滤液的特点及常用处理技术,对简阳垃圾填埋场的氨吹脱+生物处理(A+O)+混凝沉淀+砂滤+超滤+纳滤组合工艺、龙泉垃圾填埋场的AOAO+超滤+反渗透组合工艺以及广安垃圾填埋场的中温厌氧+膜生物反应器+纳滤组合工艺作了详细的介绍,3个垃圾填埋场的渗滤液处理之后均能达生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准(GB 16889-2008),并对3个组合工艺进行了技术及经济性的比较;最后对垃圾渗滤液处理的趋势进行展望.     

超滤膜工艺技术在饮用水处理的应用研究进展

该文综述了饮用水常规处理工艺存在的弊端,介绍了超滤膜在饮用水净水工艺中的适用性和技术优势;重点阐述了"混凝-超滤"、"粉末活性炭-超滤"等超滤组合工艺在国内外的研究及应用状况;分析了膜污染的机理及防控措施;提出超滤膜技术存在的问题和发展方向。     

不同预处理工艺对超滤膜运行影响的中试试验研究

与常规水处理工艺相比,超滤技术具有低能耗,占地面积小,无化学相变、易于自动化操控等优点.预处理工艺在膜处理技术中起着重要的作用.试验比较了不同预处理工艺对超滤膜运行稳定性和出水水质的影响,考察了以次氯酸钠为化学清洗试剂对膜污染的清洗效果.试验结果表明,沉淀+超滤组合工艺对浊度及VV254的去除效果要优于砂滤+超滤组合工艺,而对DOC的去除效果砂滤+超滤组合工艺要略优;沉淀+超滤组合工艺中膜的运行稳定性较好;膜污染清洗效果与化学试剂的浓度及浸泡时间有关,实际运行时要综合考虑这2方面的影响.     

臭氧生物活性炭与膜组合工艺在某水厂深度处理工艺中的应用

盐城市某水厂采用O_3-BAC与膜组合工艺用于饮用水深度处理。通过对各工艺出水常规指标及阴离子指标的监测表明:经O_3-BAC+超滤+纳滤膜处理工艺后,出水常规指标(浊度、氨氮、COD_(Mn))分别降至0.05 NTU、0.03 mg/L、0.65 mg/L,相比于常规处理,去除率高达99.7%、94.8%、88.3%;阴离子指标中F~-、Br~-、SO_4~(2-)未检出,Cl~-降至12.6 mg/L,NO_3~-降至1.5 mg/L,单纯常规+O_3-BAC+超滤都不能很好地去除水中阴离子。对各工艺出水(常规、O_3-BAC、超滤及纳滤)进行小试消毒,结果发现:各工艺消毒出水中DBPs依次呈降低趋势,经纳滤膜处理后,THMs及HAAs仅为2.0μg/L、50.8μg/L,表明组合工艺可以有效降低消毒出水DBPs含量,保障饮用水水质安全性。最后结合运行及建设成本,对各工艺的特点进行了对比分析,为其他水厂的升级改造提供参考。     

以高矿化度地下水为水源的净水厂工程

乌海市某净水厂以地下水为水源,原水具有高矿化度、高硬度等特点。净水厂采用"机械澄清池+多介质过滤器+内压式超滤+反渗透"组合工艺对原水进行净化处理,并采用反渗透产水与超滤产水勾兑的形式降低反渗透设备投资。净水厂供水规模为1.4万m3/d,产水水质达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)要求,反渗透浓水送往园区污水厂实现零排放处理。     

UF膜活性炭组合工艺自来水处理研究

本实验采用超滤与粉末活性炭组合工艺,研究了粉末活性炭的投加对超滤膜运行性能的影响,结果表明:随粉末活性炭投量的增加膜稳定运行时间延长,通量下降率降低。粉末活性炭的投加对膜过滤阻力影响不大。采用粉末活性炭和超滤组合工艺处理饮用水,调整适合的参数,其中CODMn、UV254、TOC和浊度的平均去除率分别为67%、56%、76%和98%以上,粉末活性炭超滤膜组合工艺可用于制备优质饮用水。     

不同预处理与超滤膜组合工艺对水质生物稳定性的影响

探讨4种不同预处理工艺与超滤膜技术组合工艺(工艺1:原水+预臭氧+超滤;工艺2:原水+预臭氧+混凝沉淀+超滤;工艺3:原水+预臭氧+混凝沉淀+砂滤+超滤;工艺4:原水+预臭氧+混凝沉淀+砂滤+后臭氧+活性炭+超滤)对微生物的去除贡献。试验表明:四种组合工艺对浊度的去除率均达到99.5%以上,出水浊度低于0.1 NTU;工艺4出水的DOC、COD_(Mn)和UV_(254)含量分别为2.747、1.73 mg/L和0.013 cm~(-1),对DOC、COD_(Mn)和UV_(254)的去除率最大分别为32.77%、58.81%和77.97%;工艺4出水的AOC含量为88.59μg乙酸碳/L,出水BDOC含量为0.189 mg/L,对BDOC去除率最大。综合评价4种工艺出水水质化学指标和生物稳定性指标,选择工艺4(原水+预臭氧+混凝沉淀+砂滤+后臭氧+活性炭+超滤)组合工艺,效果最好,研究成果可为保障给水厂出厂水和管网水质生物稳定性提供理论参考。     

饮用水处理技术简述

文章首先阐述了饮用水的重要性,饮用水水质的现状.然后介绍了饮用水净化工艺的发展历程,并着重介绍了第三代净化工艺中的一些最新的工艺技术即超滤和其他方法的组合工艺等,最后总结了我国饮用水处理技术所面临的问题.     

粉末活性炭-超滤膜处理微污染水试验研究

基于超滤膜对有机物去除率低和超滤膜污染严重的现状,构建了传统工艺+超滤以及传统工艺+粉末活性炭(PAC)+超滤两组工艺,并对处理前后水样的浊度、UV_(254)、高锰酸盐指数进行检测,对比了两组工艺对微污染水中的污染物的处理效能。结果表明,两组工艺对于浊度的去除效果都比较好,出水浊度不受原水水质的影响,传统工艺+超滤组合工艺对于有机物的去除效果不理想;传统工艺+PAC+超滤组合工艺对有机物有着良好的去除效果,出水的浊度、UV_(254)和高锰酸盐指数的去除率分别为90.9%,84.6%和77.0%;超滤膜表面污染物主要为腐殖酸类物质和蛋白质类物质,经过化学清洗,基本上能恢复TMP,PAC的存在能有效减缓超滤膜的污染。     

Study of drinking water treatment by ultrafiltration of surface water and its application to China

In China, many water supplies depend on conventional water treatment. Due to unfit soil and water conservationin some regions of China, conventional water treatment has showed some defects for the poor quality of water resource. In addition, advances in membrane technology and increasing requirements on water quality have stimulated ultrafiltration (UF) for water treatment. In this research, OF test apparatus was set up to produce drinking water from raw water of the Binxian Reservoir (China). The performance of UF membranes was investigated. There was a linear relationship between membrane resistance and accumulated permeate water. Using coagulation before OF increased permeate flux and retarded membrane flux decline. Surprisingly, membrane permeate flux in a coagulation/UF process was higher than that in coagulation-sand filtration-UF process with raw water of medium turbidity. OF treatment provided effective turbidity removal. Iron, manganese and aluminum were removed completely. The UF membrane also perfectly removed all coliform bacteria. The reduction of total organic carbon was satisfactory. The treated water quality complied with China's drinking water guidelines. The Ames test showed that the mutagenic activities of membrane permeate water was negative.     

纳滤膜的制备与应用

目前,纳滤膜应用于饮用水处理行业已引起业界广泛的关注与研究。纳滤膜是一种介于反渗透膜与超滤膜之间的水处理膜,有着较高的渗透和截留性能;纳滤膜一方面能截留水体中大部分的微量污染物质,另一方面保留水体中对人体有益的矿物质。文中主要讨论了纳滤膜的制备方法、分离机理、表征方法、污染以及在饮用水方面的应用和所面临的瓶颈,并探讨了纳滤膜技术今后的发展工作。可以看出,纳滤膜在饮用水处理领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

BAF+常规工艺+UF工艺在微污染源水处理中的应用展望

由于各种污染物的排放,我国饮用水水源水质日益恶化,常规水厂的工艺已显得力不从心。作者对微污染水源水的处理技术作了简要介绍。重点分析了作为预处理技术的曝气生物滤池技术和作为后续处理的膜分离技术（特别是超滤技术)。在分别对这两项技术作了介绍的基础上,提出了曝气生物滤池(BAF) 常规工艺 超滤(UF)的净水工艺。指出该工艺是提高饮用水水质的最佳工艺。同时,用有机物分子质量的观点对此工艺进行了深入分析。     

Risk management approach for monitoring UF membrane integrity and experimental validation using Ms2-phages

Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) systems, as an alternative to conventional water treatment for drinking water, have been developed very fast due to their ability for the removal of microbial pathogens, especially Cryptosporidium and Giardia. One of the most important tasks for the application of UF systems is to monitor membrane integrity during operation, detect and repair the defects because small defects could result in significant reduction of pathogen removal efficiency and consequently reduce UF membrane performance. The objective of this project is to develop a decision-aid tool for operators that gives them the integrity level of their plant without having to disconnect all the modules and indicates if the measured level puts in danger the plant effectiveness and so if he has to immediately repair or if he can differ the repairing.     

Coagulation pretreatment for a large-scale ultrafiltration process treating water from the Taihu River

A large-scale ultrafiltration (UF) system integrated with coagulation was applied to produce drinking water from the highly turbid Taihu River. This UF installation could produce 10,000 m³ drinking water per day. In this study, the effect of FeCl₃ coagulant on the performance of the UF system was evaluated. Results showed that with the integration of coagulation, not only qualified drinking water was obtained from the high turbidity raw water, but also high UF specific flux was maintained, ca.190 200 L/m²·hr·bar, and the chemical cleaning period was largely prolonged. The natural organic matter removal mechanism by coagulation was also discussed.     

超滤技术在地表水处理中的应用和研究进展

与常规水处理工艺相比,超滤用于地表水处理时具有低能耗、高效率、占地面积小、不污染环境、易于操控等优点,是解决当代能源、水资源缺乏和环境问题的重要技术.主要从超滤膜的材料,处理地表水的工艺选择,处理水的用途及膜污染等方面总结了超滤在国内外地表水处理中的研究状况,并分析了应用超滤技术处理江河水、湖泊水、及海水淡化方面的优缺点,指出超滤膜在地表水处理中的发展潜力.     

超滤和反渗透联用的海岛饮用水处理示范装置

针对某些海岛山塘水库含盐量不断变化的水质特点,开发超滤和反渗透联用的海岛淡水净化/咸水淡化一体化装置。结果表明,对于电导率约580μS.cm-1,浊度约20 NTU,CODMn约5.9 mg.L-1的原水,当超滤和反渗透产水比为1:1时,超滤产水电导率基本不变,浊度约0.1 NTU,CODMn降低约40%,混合产水电导率接近于原水的一半,浊度约0.04 NTU,CODMn约1.7 mg.L-1。此外,无论原水电导率如何变化,均可通过调节产水比使最终产水达到生活饮用水卫生标准。介绍了工艺流程、运行情况,并对运行数据进行分析。     

膜技术在饮用水深度处理中的应用

文章介绍了饮用水处理工艺的发展与现状,介绍了各类膜技术的特点,以及在饮用水处理中的应用现状和处理效果。经过比较,笔者认为超滤技术将是饮用水净化工艺的一个新的发展方向。     

Fluorescence‐based fouling prediction and optimization of a membrane filtration process for drinking water treatment

A novel fluorescence‐based approach is proposed for modeling, predicting, and optimizing different fouling dynamics in an ultrafiltration (UF) process for drinking water treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract information in terms of principal components (PCs), related to major membrane foulant groups, from fluorescence excitation–emission matrix measurements captured during UF of natural river water. The evolution of PC scores during the filtration process was then related to membrane fouling using dynamic balances of latent variable values (PC scores). This approach was found suitable for forecasting fouling behaviors with good accuracy based solely on fluorescence data collected 15 min from the start of the filtration. The proposed approach was tested experimentally through model‐based optimization of backwashing times with the objective of minimizing the energy consumption per unit amount of water produced during the filtration process. This approach was also useful for identifying fouling groups contributing to reversible and irreversible fouling. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012