混流式水轮机尾水管非定常流动模拟及不规则压力脉动预测

混流式水轮机尾水管内螺旋形涡带引起的压力脉动是造成混流式水轮机组振动的主要根源之一,严重威胁机组的安全运行.本文基于CFD技术对一大型混流式水轮机尾水管压力脉动进行了数字化预测,文中首先对该水轮机在典型偏工况下尾水管的内流进行了长时间非定常计算,然后详细讨论该工况下尾水管内死水域与涡带的运动规律,并预测了尾水管的不规则压力脉动,最后对压力脉动预测值进行了分析,结果表明其波形、频率、相位与实际基本一致,证明文中压力脉动的预测方法是可行的.     

弯肘型尾水管非定常涡旋流动数值模拟

本文采用有限体积法求解用代数雷诺应力模型封闭的雷诺平均N—S方程组，对湖北清江隔河岩水电站l号发电机组的尾水管，在部分负荷工况运行时的非定常涡旋流动进行了数值分析。结果表明，在水轮机部分负荷运行，特别是负荷为40％左右时，尾水管内形成了明显的旋转涡带。数值模拟得到的尾水管中压力脉动的频率，与湖北中试所在隔河岩进行测试的结果基本一致。     

尾水管脉动压力及扩散方式的研究

许多研究成果表明，影响水轮机水力稳定性有多种因素，其中一个重要因素是尾水管内水流的压力脉动。由于各种原因产生的高频和低频的压力脉动会使尾水管内部产生严重的空蚀破坏或者诱发水轮机叶片产生振动等问题。为此，结合广西百色水利枢纽工程尾水系统进行了水力学试验，量测了尾水管的脉动压力，得出不同工况下尾水管的水流特性。对于作为水轮机能量恢复装置的尾水管，还比较了两种不同设计方案的优劣。     

YMY—2型压力脉动监测装置

本文介绍一种测量尾水管内水流低频压力脉动的监测装置。     

不同导叶开度下混流式水轮机尾水管内部流动及压力脉动分析

为探究活动导叶开度对混流式水轮机尾水管内部流动及压力脉动的影响,通过建立西南某电站混流式水轮机三维全流道模型进行定常和非定常条件的数值模拟,研究混流式水轮机在额定水头不同导叶开度下的尾水管流动特性及压力脉动。结果表明：随着导叶开度的增加,尾水管直锥段出现明显的交替旋涡并引起尾水管低频压力脉动,尾水管内压力及速度分布的均匀性逐渐变差,尾水管弯肘段监测点压力脉动主频幅值先增大后减小。尾水管涡带是引起尾水管产生低频高幅特征压力脉动的原因。     

尾水管涡带非定常流动数值模拟

基于雷诺时均N-S方程和标准k-ε双方程湍流模型,对混流式水轮机尾水管内部的三维定常湍流进行了计算。对加和不加出口尾水箱分别进行了定常计算,比较了两者的收敛性,肯定了尾水箱的作用;同时给定尾水管周期性旋进进口边界条件,对尾水管进行了非定常流动计算,分析了尾水管压力脉动和水流运动情况,认为尾水管流场及涡动现象基本和实际符合,结果表明了给定的进口速度模型的逼近真实性。     

混流水轮机尾水管压力脉动近似分析方法(续)

混流式水轮机尾水管中由涡带引起的压力脉动，对水轮机的稳定运行有很大影响，研究尾水管中的压力脉动规律，对指导水轮机的运行是有重要意义的。一般认为，混流式水轮机尾水管中由涡带引起的压力脉动，与尾水管进口处的水流环量有关，本文阐述了一种在已知模型综合特性曲线的条件下，利用数据拟合的方法来近似地计算混流式水轮机尾水管中压力脉动特性的方法。     

水轮机尾水管压力脉动分析方法研究

为掌握石家庄混合蓄能水电厂某水轮机尾水管的压力脉动特性.对水轮机尾水管压力脉动进行了现场测试.获得了多个工况下的测试数据.在测试数据的基础上,通过相空间重构理论,对尾水管压力脉动信号序列进行相空间重构,根据确定嵌入空间维数大小的嵌入定理.保证相空间容纳原状态空间吸引子的特征,选择恰当的嵌入维数m,计算其分形关联维数.再现动力学特性.研究结果表明,基于分形关联维的水轮机尾水管压力脉动状态分析方法是可行的.     

窄高型尾水管流场数值模拟及分析

应用雷诺方程和kε紊流模型对适用于地下水电站的窄高型混流式水轮机尾水管进行了数值模拟,得到了尾水管中速度场分布、涡带及二次流等流态的矢量图。将窄高型尾水管和常规尾水管作了性能比较和分析。通过试验资料对数值模拟方法进行了初步验证。     

混流式水轮机尾水管压力脉动研究综述

混流式水轮机尾水管压力脉动是造成机组运行不稳定的重要原因,严重的脉动甚至会威胁厂房的安全,而尾水管涡带是产生压力脉动的首要原因。所以,混流式水轮机尾水管涡带的研究对解决压力脉动有着十分重要的意义。为此,就混流式水轮机尾水管压力脉动的研究,即从理论研究、模型实验、数值模拟和真机试验4个方面。重点阐述在部分负荷、满负荷以及超负荷工况下的尾水管涡带特性参数变化的特点,介绍数值模拟方法在解决尾水管振动问题上的优缺点以及目前在真机试验上检测尾水管振动的新方法,从而也提出解决尾水管压力脉动的几个途径。     

Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Turbulent Flow Induced by Two-Dimensional Elevator Car and Counter Weight System

A two-dimensional model of unsteady turbulent flow induced by high-speed elevator system was established in the present study. The research was focused on the instantaneous variation of the aerodynamic force on the car structure during traversing motion of the counter weight in the hoistway. A dynamic meshing method was employed to treat the multi-body motion system to avoid poor distortion of meshes. A comprehensive understanding of this significant aspect was obtained by varying the horizontal gap (δ =0.1m, 0.2m, and 0.3m) between the elevator car and the counter weight, and the moving speed ( U 0= 2m/s, 6m/s, and 10m/s) of the elevator system. A pulsed intensification of the aerodynamic force on the elevator car and subsequent appearance of large valley with negative aerodynamic force were clearly observed in the numerical results. In parameters studied ( δ =0.1m, U 0= 2m/s, 6m/s, 10m/s), the peaked horizontal and vertical forces are respectively 7-11 and 4.3-5.65 times of that when the counter weight is far from the car. These results demonstrated the prominent influence of the traversing counter weight on aerodynamic force on the elevator car, which is of great significance to designers of high-speed elevator system.     

基于UG的尾水管设计及CFD仿真

尾水管是水电站核心过流部件之一,结合尾水管初步设计的断面数据,利用UG软件进行三维空间建模,并对尾水管模型进行CFD计算,得出较满意的结果,论证了尾水管设计是符合电站实际运行要求的。     

三峡模型水轮机转轮的流态观测及过流通道内水压脉动试验研究

针对三峡机组运行水头变幅大、机组钤芳最成工况运行时间长等特点，在开发的三峡模型乐轮机组上进行了流态观测与水压脉动试验，本次试验选取了三峡电站动物范围内不同水头、不同负荷下的５５个工况，对该选定工况进行如下工作，即利用光导内窥交易和闪光测频仪对模型转轮叶片进出口流态进行了不同空化系数下的观测及描绘；对过流通道上布置的８个水压脉动测点，进行了电站装置空化系数下的水压脉动试验；以及在同一工况的不同空化系     

WEAKLY SWIRLING TURBULENT FLOW IN TURBID WATER HYDRAULIC SEPARATION DEVICE

This article deals with the characteristics of weakly swirling turbulent flow field in a Turbid Water Hydraulic Separation Device （TWHSD） through experimental and numerical researches. The flow field was measured by PIV, which provided streamlines, vortex structure, vorticity and velocity distribution in different test planes in the TWHSD. On the basis of the experimental results, the tangential and radial velocity distributions of the swirling flow field were obtained. Meanwhile, the numerical simulations were conducted with the RNG κ-ε and RSM turbulence models, respectively. According to the experimental and numerical results, the characteristics of the clear water flow field inside the TWHSD were determined. In view of simulation accuracy and time consumption, it is suggested to apply the RNG κ-ε model instead of the RSM model, which is more time consuming, to make further study on two-phases flow fields in the device.     

IMPROVEMENT OF BUBBLE MODEL FOR CAVITATING FLOW SIMULATIONS

In the present research,a bubble dynamics based model for cavitating flow simulations is extended to higher void fraction region for wider range of applications.The present bubble model is based on the so-called Rayleigh-Plesset equation that calculates a temporal bubble radius with the surrounding liquid pressure and is considered to be valid in an area below a certain void fraction.The solution algorithm is modified so that the Rayleigh-Plesset equation is no more solved once the bubble radius(or void fraction)reaches at a certain value till the liquid pressure recovers above the vapor pressure in order to overcome this problem.This procedure is expected to stabilize the numerical calculation.The results of simple two-dimensional flow field are presented compared with the existing bubble model.     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF VORTEX FLOW IN HYDRAULIC TURBINE DRAFT TUBE FOR LES

The three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow is studied numerically in the whole flow passage of hydraulic turbine, and vortex flow in the draft tube is predicted accurately in this paper. The numerical prediction is based on the Navier-Stokes equations and Large-Eddy Simulation （LES） model. The SIMPLE algorithm with the body fitted coordinate and tetrahedroid grid system is applied for the solution of the discretization governing equations.