长江水源水厂排泥水处理研究

对长江水源水厂排泥水处理进行了研究,确定了长江水源水悬浮固体含量与浊度的关系,对水厂干泥量和排泥水总量进行了估算;通过动态浓缩试验,确定了斜板浓缩池运行优化条件;测定了排泥水的颗粒粒径分布、固体成分组成和污泥比阻;并简要介绍了污泥机械脱水和泥饼处置方法.     

给水厂排泥水浓缩试验研究

给水厂排泥水的小试和现场中试研究结果表明,投加PAM后快速搅拌排泥水(不小于300r/min)30s左右,矾花出现早,絮凝颗粒大,泥水分离效果好。斜板浓缩池的斜板间距5～8.6cm对出水效果的影响不显著,浓缩效果相差不大。最佳斜板间距为5.5～8cm。当投加PAM出水效果不佳时采用快速机械搅拌装置能较好地提高排泥水的浓缩效果。     

净水厂生产排泥水处理工艺研究与设计

通过对净水厂生产排泥水的产生和水质特性进行分析,确定沉淀池排泥水和滤池反冲洗废水为净水厂排泥水的主要组成,结合设计干泥量的计算确定排泥水处理规模,在分析排泥水处理系统工艺流程布置特点的基础上对排泥水收集、调节、浓缩和脱水工艺进行分析,并对其中排水池、排泥池、浓缩池、平衡池、脱水工艺和场地布置的设计要点进行总结。     

行业综合信息

上海市长兴岛水厂即将运行长兴岛位于上海陆域和崇明岛之间,常驻人口3.6万,岛上没有地表水厂,均为深井水厂,供水水质相对较差。为提高供水水质,新建规模为8~10万m3/d水厂,近期实施4万m3/d。近期取水水源采用长江陈行水库水,远期取水水源来自规划中的青草沙水库原水。工程包括常规处理和排泥水处理系统。工程内容为建造絮凝沉淀池、均质滤料滤池、鼓风机反冲洗泵房、清水池、二级泵房、吸水井、加氯加矾、冲洗废水调节池、预浓缩池、排泥水调节池、浓缩池、平衡池、脱水机房、初滤水回收池等。2006年9月开工,将于2007年7月底正式运行。(上海…     

某净水厂排泥水处理工程系统设计

西安某净水厂供水能力为40万m~3/d,排泥水采用废水回收-重力浓缩-离心脱水处理工艺。介绍了该项目的回流水池、排水池、排泥池、浓缩池、污泥提升泵房、污泥平衡池、脱水机房的设计参数及优化情况。     

自来水厂排泥水处理浓缩工艺运行优化研究

X水厂采用传统的排泥水处理工艺,计划将浓缩池上清液用于景观河道的补充用水,原设计出水水质与实际目标有一定差异。为进一步提升浓缩池出水水质,该厂采用加药再絮凝方式进行小试,发现降浊最佳工艺条件为加硫酸铝25 mg/L,慢速搅拌。在此基础上进行了再混凝沉淀中试,发现加药混合再絮凝与加药混合不絮凝降浊效果相似并优于自然沉降。并通过生产性试验,进一步验证了在浓缩池增加加药及混凝,可以明显的改善除浊效果,提升出水水质。同时针对排泥水运营精细化管理,提高水质、稳定排泥等方面提出建议。     

长江河口絮凝泥沙颗粒粒径与浮泥形成现场观测

分别于2006年枯(2月)和洪(8月)季利用较先进又较实用的现场观测仪器,对长江河口絮凝泥沙颗粒粒径、浮泥体及变化过程,以及与此相关的动力因子进行了现场现测,获得一批最新原始观测数据.观测数据显示:长江河口悬沙主要来源于长江流域的细颗粒冲泻质,小于32μm的细颗粒泥沙占80%以上,悬沙单颗粒粒径均值为3.6～6.8μm.在洪季流域来沙集中期,悬沙颗粒较细,均值为3.6～5.5μm,而枯季流域来沙少,悬沙颗粒略粗,均值为5.9～6.8μm;长江河口细颗粒泥沙絮凝环境良好,实测平均絮凝颗粒粒径为61.5μm,是分散单颗粒粒径的10倍多,最小絮凝颗粒粒径为27.4μm,最大为107μm,最大絮凝颗粒出现在0.4～0.7m/s的中等流速时段.在盐水到达的上界线徐六泾区域实测絮凝颗粒粒径相对较小,均值为32.6～60.4μm,而南北槽最大浑浊带区域絮凝颗粒粒径最大,均值为57.3～79.2μm,实测洪季絮凝颗粒粒径比枯季大,洪季均值为60.4～79.2μm,枯季均值为42.5～66.6μm.此外,长江河口浮泥发育与细颗粒泥沙絮凝快速沉降有关,而最大浮泥层常常发生在最大絮凝颗粒粒径出现的后期时段,故长江河口细颗粒絮凝沉降是浮泥形成的主要物质来源.     

造粒流化床浓缩技术处理给水厂排泥水的中试研究

以南方某给水厂排泥水为处理对象,利用造粒流化床污泥浓缩工艺进行了处理规模为 1-2．5 m3／h的中试研究。研究结果表明,对于排泥水有机物、藻类含量高的南方水厂而言,采用一 体化造粒流化床浓缩工艺进行处理是切实可行的,且具有处理效率高、出泥含水率低、脱水性能好、 出水浊度低等特点;中试条件下,流化床水流上升速度可达38-50 cm／min,最佳搅拌转速为 5 r／min,PAM药耗比普通重力浓缩-调质工艺节省25％-40％,污泥含水率可从99％降至95％- 97％。并通过试验确定了相关工艺参数。     

南洲水厂排泥水处理工艺的研究与设计

通过对排泥水进行沉降试验,得到了南洲水厂排泥水处理系统设计的基本数据.供水量为100万m3/d的南洲水厂排泥水处理系统工艺流程为:排泥水调节、浓缩、平衡、离心机脱水.该系统在调试运行期间,各工艺单元均能按照设计要求正常工作,脱水后的污泥含固率达到36.3%～39.2%,取得较好的处理效果.     

临江水厂排泥水处理系统设计

为减少临江水厂自身运行给水体造成的污染,建设排泥水处理系统,将沉淀池排泥水及滤池反冲洗水统一收集后,通过调节、浓缩、机械脱水,提高污泥含固率,使排泥水处理后达标排放。临江水厂二期采用高速重力斜板澄清池工艺,由于需要加细砂,砂的漏失增加了日产干污泥量。详细介绍了工程方案的选择和设计参数,并指出了一些设计中值得探讨的问题。     

生物预处理技术在嘉兴地区给水厂的应用比较

对嘉兴地区主要给水厂近年来应用立体弹性填料、LT型悬浮球填料、YS型悬浮填料、卵石填料等的生物预处理工艺从填料及配套设施、工艺运行参数、运行效果、成本等方面进行了比较.认为弹性填料生物预处理更适用于低浊(50 NTU以下)、低氨氮(1.5 mg/L以下)原水,LT型悬浮球填料生物预处理适用于低中浊(100 NTU以下)、低中氨氮(2.5 mg/L以下)原水,YS型悬浮填料生物预处理及"SAF"滤池对低浊、中高氨氮(2.5 mg/L以上)原水有较好的适应性.最后探讨了弹性填料存在的短流、积泥,悬浮填料存在的部分填料流化不均匀,富氧的生物工艺单元内水生动物泛滥等问题.     

中国部分河口及其近海水域缺氧现象研究

对长江、珠江等河口及其近海水域缺氧现象与影响因素进行研究,结果表明,主要分布于长江与珠江河口及其邻近海域的缺氧现象,夏季(6—8月)达到最盛,秋冬季消失;长江口的缺氧区域主要位于30.75°N~32°N,122.5°E~123.25°E附近海域,具有南北2个缺氧中心;珠江口缺氧程度相对较轻,缺氧区域主要在广州黄埔区河段至虎门水域和伶仃洋;辽河、钱塘江、海河等河口区域也时而出现零星的缺氧现象;水体缺氧受控于多项环境要素,物理层化作用是缺氧产生的最初诱因之一,陆源污染物的分解则是重要的耗氧负荷;各河口区特征各异,潮汐、洋流、营养盐、叶绿素a等要素对缺氧区的范围、程度和持续时间影响程度不一。     

无资料流域水文预报(PUB计划)研究进展

无资料流域水文预报，简称为PUB(Predictions in Ungaugecl Basins)，从2003年7月开始成为国际水文科学学会新的国际水文十年计划主题．文中首先简述了PUB计划的主要研究内容，然后回顾了国际和国内已有的PUB研究进展，最后展望了对水文学发展有重要意义的几个PUB前沿研究，包括不确定性研究、对水循环各个环节因素的预报和对无资料流域水文过程的预报。     

Changes in urban stream channels in Zimbabwe

Although channel change has been documented downstream of urban areas there have been few previous studies which have focused upon the spatial variation of erosion and upon examples of such channel change in tropical areas. In the Avondale stream basin, which includes part of Harare the capital of Zimbabwe the way in which the channel network has evolved from the extensive dambo system in the period 1891 to 1984 is reconstructed showing that drainage density which was initially between 0.35 and 0.80 km km^?2 has increased to 3.15 km km^?2 including stormwater drains. Characteristics of erosion of the modified urban channels are described and the downstream reaches indicate an average channel widening of 1.7 times involving average rates of bank erosion of 0.33 m per year. Peak discharge is estimated from channel characteristics to be increased to two times former values and it is concluded that channel type and the relationship of channel change to the accommodation of peak discharges requires further research.     

北京某学校雨水利用设计

以北京市某中学为例,介绍一种学校雨水利用的方法。根据校区水量平衡计算结果,对利用校园内汇集的雨水作为冲厕、绿化和景观用水等进行设计;采取相应的技术措施,对雨水径流的污染进行控制,保障所利用雨水的水质达到要求,并采用生态净化的方式,使学校景观水体循环起来。虽然雨水利用工程投资较高,但其社会和环境效益显著。     

水利高性能计算的进展

针对水利信息化对精细模拟与高性能运算提出的愈来愈高的要求,在简单介绍高性能计算的硬件、软件环境及其在水利上的几个应用实例后,着重介绍了并行有限元法、并行边界元法的一些进展以及网格技术的最新进展。指出从网络到网格是高性能计算发展的最新方向,应以网格平台支持、促进水利信息化进程。     

中国内地水库淤积的差异性分析

为了解水库的淤积现状,根据115座具有代表性的中国内地水库淤积资料,对这些水库按类型和区域进行统计分析,结果表明,中小型水库比大型水库淤积严重,不同流域水库淤积的空间差异明显,黄河中下游地区水库淤积比例最大,西南地区水库年均淤积率最大。截止到2003年,根据代表性水库淤积的计算结果推算出中国内地水库的平均淤积比例约为20%,库容年均淤积率为0.76%,相当于每年损失1座库容近42.3亿m3的超大型水库。     

Trends in ecological river engineering in Korea

Ecological river engineering can be defined as the design and implementation of river works and river restoration works for the benefit of human society. It also guarantees the sustainable ecological functions of a river, such as its habitats and self-purification of its water. It is currently in the beginning stages in Korea, utilizing scientific knowledge on the processes of aquatic ecosystem degeneration and a methodology for solving the ecological problems in artificially altered rivers currently under development. The changes in river management and work practices in Korea may be best explained with a chronologically progressing sequence of ‘Natural’, ‘Disaster-prevention’, ‘Occupied’, ‘Park’, and ‘Close-to-nature’ rivers. Since the 1960s, the focus on river management and work has shifted from flood control only, to both flood control and riverine habitat conservation and restoration. Five research topics have been selected for this article, and the progress of each research area is briefly described with a representative picture in each topic. They are as follows: (1) flow resistance due to vegetation, (2) environmental flow, (3) floodplain vegetation modeling, (4) small dam removal, and (5) river restoration. For the future prospects of research on ecological river engineering in Korea, a necessity of further research on floodplain vegetation recruitment and succession, which can explain the so-called ‘white river’ and ‘green river’, is underlined, among others. Finally, two ongoing large research programs on river ecosystem restoration, of which are sponsored by the Government of Korea, are briefly introduced, followed by the introduction of a near-prototype experiment facility recently completed mainly for research on ecological river engineering.     

吉林省2001年汛期降水量趋势预测

本文根据历年6－9月降水量距平值累计曲线和历年6－9月降水量特征值变化，对我省今后汛期全省各地区降水趋势及降水量进行了预测，可供有关部门参考。     

Lake—Wide Seasonal Changes in Limnological Conditions in Lake Michigan in 1976

Data collected on lake-wide cruises in 1976 were used to study seasonal and vertical variations in water temperature, transparency, chlorophyll a, and nutrients in Lake Michigan. Data were analyzed according to subsets corresponding to the northern and southern open lake. Comparisons (t-tests) of data from the open lake indicated that the average water temperature was cooler and average water transparency was greater in the northern lake than in the southern, but with the exception of total phosphorus, average nutrient concentrations did not differ between the northern and southern parts. It was found that physical-chemical characteristics of nearshore and Straits of Mackinac stations differed significantly from open lake stations. Seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in the open lake were related to seasonal and vertical changes in silica and nitrate nitrogen. The spring phytoplankton bloom occurred before the lake was strongly stratified thermally. After thermal stratification was well developed, epilimnetic concentrations of chlorophyll a decreased, probably due to some combination of nutrient limitation and zooplankton grazing, and maximum chlorophyll a concentrations were found below the thermocline. Epilimnetic silica concentrations decreased after thermal stratification and diatoms were replaced in the phytoplankton assemblage by green and blue-green algae in late summer. Total phosphorus averaged only 8 μg/L on a lake-wide basis and thus only small but significant reductions in absolute concentration can be expected from phosphorus control programs. However, over a period of several years, these small reductions in concentration may be difficult to verify from total phosphorus measurements which have relatively large sampling errors and variances.