人工老窖的退化原因及其处理方法

对人工窖泥的退化进行了表观和理化指标的研究,分析其产生的原因.并通过实际生产认为退化窖泥生产的酒质量明显下降,不具有浓香型酒的风格.通过比较养护窖泥的方法,提出彻底更换窖泥是切实可行的方法.     

液体窖泥在浓香型白酒生产中的应用

窖泥退化主要是由窖泥水分过低和营养失调造成.应用液体窖泥培养液进行退化窖泥的养护试验结果表明,应用液体窖泥培养液进行退化窖泥的养护可补充老化窖泥所需的水分和营养物质,能防治窖泥老化,提高浓香型大曲酒的优质品率,实现良好的经济和社会效益.     

浓香型白酒窖泥与土壤几种理化指标的对比分析

对样品老窖窖泥、新窖窖泥、厂区新泥和厂外黄泥进行了对比研究,分析测定了水分含量、pH值、氨态氮、有效磷、有效钾和腐殖质等主要理化指标.结果表明,窖泥与土壤的理化指标差异很大,而老窖与新窖间的差异不大;从建窖选材的角度来看,厂外黄泥与厂区新泥应适当搭配.由于不同酿酒企业间窖泥主要理化指标存在较大差异,需要建立企业窖泥质量标准.     

不同窖泥功能菌液细菌群落的研究

采用多聚酶链式反应结合变性梯度凝胶电泳指纹分析技术(PCR-DGGE)对己酸菌和液体窖泥混合菌液、窖泥复合功能菌液、窖泥特殊生香功能菌液中细菌群落结构进行分析,并对不同质量窖泥接种培养的窖泥功能菌液中细菌群落结构进行对比分析,从微生物物种多样性的角度说明了不同窖泥功能菌液细菌的复杂性以及不同窖泥功能菌液具有不同生理、生化功能的原因,表明窖泥的质量与窖泥功能菌液、窖泥特殊生香功能菌液的质量可能存在相关性,为窖泥功能菌培养的进一步改进提供了理论依据。     

人工培养窖泥的应用

将从窖池泥中分离优选出的1株己酸菌.再配以复合菌A、功能菌B为主要菌系,生产功能性人工窖泥.以己酸菌的富集培养为例.简单介绍窖泥功能菌的筛选和培养途径.将功能性人工窖泥应用生产.结果表明,投产4个月后,连续3个月每窖平均产量比用原窖泥配方多产酒75.48kg,优质品率比原窖泥配方提高8.56%;功能性窖泥还可改善窖泥风味,增强窖泥的酯香味,减少新窖产酒的邪杂味和泥臭味,增加新酒中盼主体香及其复杂香味成分,改善了酒体风格.增强新产酒的绵柔度和纯净感.     

试谈老窖的“退化”与更生

老窖的更生至于老窖的更生,关键在于人工窖泥的培养。在这方面,笔者已在“对人工窖泥老熟的一点认识”(《酿酒》1986年第3期)一文中已作略述,现将其不足部分作一补充。一窖泥的研究欲要培养窖泥,首先必须研究窖泥,为配制、培养窖泥提供科学的依据。因为老熟(处于稳定期)窖泥名优酒得率最高,质量最好,所以它是最好的研究标本。1.研究窖泥微生物的最佳培养条件当前对窖泥微生物培养条件的研究,不少地方模仿作物栽培的方法,即土壤分析法,仅仅粗略地分析一下窖泥中的氨态氮、有效钾、有效磷、腐殖质和酸度。因为微生物虽然具有一般生物所具有的生命活动规律,但就窖泥微生物而言,它必竟与绿色植物截然不同。比如,前者属于化能异养型,主要以有机含碳化合物作碳源,培养时,首先     

宜宾地区不同性状窖泥的细菌群落结构解析及代谢功能预测

该研究基于16S r RNA V3-V4区基因序列,采用高通量测序技术对宜宾地区不同性状窖泥（新窖泥、老熟窖泥、老化窖泥）的细菌群落结构差异进行分析,并采用PICRUSt预测不同性状窖泥微生物的代谢功能,解析宜宾地区不同性状窖泥的代谢功能差异。结果表明,该地区三种性状窖泥的细菌群落结构存在显著差异,老熟窖泥和老化窖泥细菌群落的丰富度高于新窖泥,而多样性相反。己酸菌属（Caproiciproducens）在老熟窖泥中的相对丰度较高,可能是该地区窖泥老熟的标志,该菌对浓香型白酒的风味物质形成具有重要的作用;乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus）则在新窖泥中的相对丰度较高,可能是该地区新窖泥的标志。窖泥的碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢功能最强,且其相对丰度同样呈现出老熟窖泥>老化窖泥>新窖泥的变化规律,说明老熟窖泥的细菌群落结构对浓香型白酒风味物质的形成最有利。     

窖泥微生态的主要特征研究

选择湖南湘窖酒业有限公司不同窖龄的窖池为对象,主要研究0、2、16、33年窖池中窖壁泥和窖底泥的感官指标、理化指标和微生物类群数目的变化情况,旨在揭示窖泥微生态的变化规律。结果表明：随着窖龄的增长,窖泥的感官品质逐渐具有典型窖泥的自然老熟特征;窖泥水分含量呈缓慢下降趋势,而窖泥的有机质、全氮、有效P、速效K含量以及窖底泥的pH值呈上升趋势;从不同位置分析,窖壁泥水分、有效P含量略高于窖底泥,而窖底泥的pH值、有机质、全氮、速效K含量均高于窖壁泥;微生物各类群的总数呈上升趋势,且细菌＞真菌＞放线菌。因此,在窖泥的微生态体系中,理化因子与功能菌的相互作用,促使窖泥的品质随着窖龄增长而逐渐变好。     

SPA-SGJY窖泥活性改良剂在双沟人工窖泥生产中的应用

在人工窖泥制作过程中,合理地添加SPA-SGJY窖泥活性改良剂,可提高窖泥的含水量、补充微生物的合理营养源,维持良好的窖泥微生物生长繁殖的微生态环境,窖泥的保水性能明显提高,窖泥含水量由原来的41.96%提高到47.42%,提高了5.46%;窖泥功能微生物数量提高1倍多,窖泥生物活性明显提高.     

解析窖泥功能菌代谢能力的调控

围绕窖泥功能菌开展了系列研究,提炼形成了"窖泥功能菌代谢能力调控"理论.从传统窖泥的演变趋势、以及人工培养窖泥的科学原则等角度对窖泥功能菌代谢能力调控进行解析,提出了保持窖泥功能菌代谢能力,窖泥质量是重要基础、连续不间断酿酒是重要保证等观点,探讨了窖泥功能菌代谢能力的调控措施,为浓香型白酒优质酒产能的扩大提供重要的理论支撑.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press