富Ce混合稀土阻燃镁合金ZM5氧化膜失效分析

在ZM5镁合金中添加混合稀土RE(富Ce混合稀土),可提高其阻燃温度,当加入量为0.1％时阻燃效果最佳,镁合金起燃温度提高176℃.对该合金表面进行了SEM分析,结果表明:当混合稀土的加入量为0.1％时,镁合金表面的氧化膜致密,无明显的空洞和裂纹.并对氧化膜的失效形式进行了分析.     

阻燃镁合金ZM5-0.1RE氧化动力学研究

在ZM5镁合金中添加0．1％混合稀土时,阻燃效果最佳,镁合金起燃温度提高到800℃以上。利用光学显微镜分析了ZM5—0．1RE氧化膜的表面形貌。X射线衍射分析（XRD）和扫描电镜分析（SEM＆EDS）表明,这层致密氧化膜由RE2O2、MgO、Al2O3、Mg17Al12组成,氧化膜致密度大于1,具有保护作用。高温氧化动力学研究显示,温度为700℃时,合金的高温氧化动力学曲线符合抛物线规律,在这个温度下,氧化膜增重很少,保护性好。     

《机械工程手册》第四十二篇焊接篇 第七章 非铁金属的焊接 第四节 镁及镁合金

一、焊接特点镁比铝更易于同氧结合,有燃烧的危险。焊接时需用溶剂或惰性气体保护。镁合金的导热性好,应采用较大功率的焊接热源。镁合金在焊接高温下强烈氧化,所形成的氧化膜熔点很高(约2500℃),比镁合金的熔点高4倍左右。氧化镁的比重大约3.2,比镁合金的比重大(约1.7—1.8)将近1倍,故易在焊缝中产生氧化镁夹渣。镁在高温下     

加入Ce和Ca对AZ91D镁合金起燃温度的影响

镁合金在熔炼及压铸过程中易发生氧化燃烧。在众多的阻燃方法中，以合金化阻燃方法的效果最为明显。研究了Ce和Ca同时加入时镁合金起燃温度的变化，利用光学显微镜观察了镁合金的金相组织，用X射线衍射分析了表面氧化膜的组成结构。结果表明：Ce和Ca联合加入的阻燃效果较单一加入时的好，镁合金的阻燃温度最高可达950℃以上。     

高性能镁合金发展现状与趋势

镁合金作为21世纪的绿色环保工程材料,近年来已成为全球学术界的一个研究热点,并越来越受到工业界的重视。目前我国在镁合金的研究和应用上取得了很大进展,已经研制出耐热镁合金、高强高韧镁合金等新材料,在变形镁合金领域也取得了突破,本文重点介绍几种有特色和良好应用前景的高性能镁合金,以及镁合金成形加工技术的最新研究进展。高性能镁合金包括阻燃镁合金、低成本高强度铸造镁合金和高强耐热变形镁合金,成形加工技术包括镁合金涂层转移精密铸造技术、镁合金熔体复合纯净化技术、不含六价铬离子的镁合金超声阳极氧化表面处理技术、大型镁铸件低压成型技术以及镁板差温拉深工艺。镁合金的深入研究有力地推动了镁合金产业的发展。     

变形镁合金MB2的晶粒细化

研究了用Al4C3在不同温度下对镁铝系变形镁合金MB2变质效果的影响,铍对镁合金阻燃的正向作用及晶粒细化的负向作用;结果表明,温度提高可明显增强Al4C3对MB2的变质效果.铍有良好的阻燃作用,但易使晶粒粗大.     

Mg-RE合金的阻燃能力研究

主要研究了不同稀土元素对工业纯镁阻燃能力的影响,结果表明:一定量的Ce、Y、Nd、Dy稀土元素可使工业纯镁的燃点值有不同程度的提高,其中Y和Dy对阻燃能力的提高作用更为明显;观察发现Mg-Ce和Mg-Nd合金的氧化膜存在裂纹,这是他们阻燃能力较小的原因。本文还对Mg-0.5Y-Ce和Mg-0.5Y-Dy合金的阻燃能力进行了研究,发现Mg-0.5Y-5Dy合金的氧化膜致密,韧性较好,阻燃能力最强。     

镁合金阻燃元素氧化热力学及氧化物物性分析

比较分析了部分合金元素及其氧化物的电负性、氧化反应Gibbs自由能变及相关物性参数。指出碱土金属与稀土金属元素是镁合金合金化阻燃的主要元素，其中Be最为有效。鉴于Be有较大毒性、Ca对镁合金力学性能有不良影响，稀土元素是其主要的代用品。测试了在AZ91镁合金中加入少量纯稀土元素Ce后的氧化点与燃烧点。结果表明，随Ce加入量的增加，氧化点与燃烧点均呈上升趋势。Ce加入量为1％时氧化点与燃烧点的平均值较AZ91分别提高了33℃和61℃。少量添加Ce时氧化点与燃烧点上升较快，随着Ce含量提高，上升幅度减慢。从阻燃的角度讲添加量在0．6％左右即可。     

阻燃镁合金的研究现状及发展前景

综述了国内外镁合金生产过程中的防燃方法,并指出了各种方法的优缺点.加强阻燃镁合金的研究,特别是稀土阻燃镁合金的研究和应用,可使我国的镁资源优势转化为镁产业优势.     

Mg-Y-Ce稀土阻燃镁合金的高温氧化行为研究

Y和Ce的同时加入使镁合金获得了优异的阻燃效果,实现了镁合金在大气条件下的无保护熔炼。AES和XRD表面分析结果表明,Mg-Y-Ce阻燃镁合金在高温下暴露于大气中时,合金表面会生成一层以Y2O3为主的氧化膜。干燥空气中,Mg-3Y-4.5Ce合金在773, 873和973 K下氧化时,其氧化动力学曲线遵循立方规律。基于高温氧化热力学,详细分析了Mg-Y-Ce合金在高温下的选择性氧化机制,并从电化学角度探讨了Y2O3膜的半导体特性及其对镁合金基体进一步氧化的阻碍机制     

Be和Ca对 Mg-9Al-0.5Zn合金表面氧化行为的影响

镁合金熔炼时会发生剧烈的燃烧,因此必须采取有效的措施对其加以保护,合金化阻燃是一种理想的阻燃方法。从热力学角度对镁合金元素氧化方式的差异作出了解释,并采用统一的氧化模分析了两种化膜的形成过程。研究结果表明,添加少量的Ｂｅ或Ｃａ可以提高Ｍｇ－９Ａｌ－０．５Ｚｎ合金的燃点。但是,两种合金中基体元素Ｍｇ与合金元素Ｂｅ和Ｃａ的氧化方式并不相同。加入Ｂｅ后,Ｍｇ发生外氧化,Ｂｅ发生内氧化,加入Ｃａ后,Ｃａ发     

Ca合金化在镁合金中的作用

钙加入镁合金中可以提高合金的燃点;少量的钙加入镁合金中,可以显著提高镁合金在高温下的抗氧化性;钙对不同系列镁合金力学性能的影响不尽相同;钙合金化可以改善镁合金的高温性能及蠕变性能;钙是提高镁合金耐蚀性的有效合金元素,含钙镁合金有望成为新型的轻质耐高温材料。     

阻燃镁合金的研究现状

介绍了镁合金的阻燃机制,综述了阻燃镁合金的研究现状,分析了合金元素Ca,Be,Zn和稀土在阻燃镁合金中的作用,指出了其作为镁合金添加元素的优点和不足之处.阻燃镁合金正向着合金多元化的方向发展,多种合金元素相互匹配,既可达到阻燃的目的,又能不破坏镁合金的性能.阻燃镁合金中添加元素在液面上的化学反应过程及其热力学、动力学机制尚不清楚,需要在此方面进行深入地研究.     

Effect of Ca addition on the oxidation resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloys at elevated temperatures

AZ91 magnesium alloys containing 0.27–5.22 wt.% Ca, were melted and cast to study the effects of Ca addition on oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. An ignition temperature test showed that the ignition of AZ91 alloy occurred at about 350–450 °C below the melting point, whereas that of the Ca-containing AZ91 alloys did so at above 650 °C. Weight gain measurements indicated that the oxidation resistance of the AZ91 alloys improved with Ca addition. The oxidation rate was dependent on the oxidation temperature. In the temperature range of 300–400 °C, the oxidation rate increased linearly. By contrast, the weight of 5 wt.% Ca-containing AZ91 alloy increased slowly due to the formation of a protective oxide layer. The oxidized surfaces were analyzed with low-angle XRD, FE-SEM equipped with EDS and AES. Complex structures were found in the oxide layers of the Ca-containing alloys: the outer layer mainly consisted of CaO, which was of uniform thickness, and the inner layer was a mixture of CaO, MgO, and Al₂O₃. In contrast to the loose and porous MgO formed on the surface of AZ91, the compact and dense oxide layers acted as an effective barrier to the further oxidation of the Ca-containing AZ91 alloys.     

Controlling the ignition and flammability of magnesium for aerospace applications

The perceived easy ignition and flammability of magnesium alloys create a detrimental safety feature that overshadows their high strength-to-weight ratio and hinders the aerospace application opportunities. To overcome the existing barriers a progress in understanding and controlling the reactivity of magnesium at high temperatures is required. This report describes fundamentals of magnesium ignition and flammability along with laboratory testing procedures and correlations with full scale fire scenarios, related in particular to the aircraft cabin. The influence of alloying elements on high temperature reactivity of magnesium and global efforts to develop ignition resistant and non-flammable magnesium alloys are reviewed. Although ignition and flammability represent quite different quantities, both are controlled by an oxidation resistance of the alloy and its capability to form a dense and protective surface oxide after exposures to an open flame or other heat source. Since surface oxide, composed of pure MgO, does not offer a sufficient protection, the research strategy is focused on modification of its chemistry and microstructure by micro-alloying the substrate with rare earths and other elements having high affinity to oxygen.     

阻燃镁合金的研究现状及进展

综述了阻燃镁合金的研究开发现状,尤其是Ca、Be、Zn和稀土在镁合金中的阻燃作用及其阻燃机理,指出了阻燃镁合金研究目前还存在的问题和今后的研究重点。     

Interactive effect of cerium and aluminum on the ignition point and the oxidation resistance of magnesium alloy

This paper focused on the interactive effect of cerium (Ce) addition and aluminum (Al) content in magnesium alloy on ignition point and oxidation resistance. Ce content played an important role in improving the oxidation resistance of Mg alloy. Ignition point ascended with increasing Ce content. 0.25 wt% Ce content in Mg alloys could greatly improve tightness of the oxide film of Mg alloys. However, when Ce content in the alloy exceeded its solid solubility, ignition point descended. Furthermore, Al content in the alloy also influenced the ignition point. The higher the Al content was, the lower the ignition point.     

镁合金抗氧化及合金化阻燃研究进展

综述了镁合金氧化燃烧及燃点的测定方法、镁合金抗氧化和阻燃机理及合金元素(Ca，Be，RE，Y)对镁合金阻燃性能影响的研究现状。介绍了抗氧化和阻燃镁合金研制进展及应用现状，指出了研究中存在的问题及发展方向。     

On ignition point of Mg-Ca alloy under nitrogen atmosphere

The production cost will be greatly reduced if nitrogen can be used instead of inert gas in the spray forming process of magnesium alloys,but the heat from the reaction between magnesium alloys and nitrogen makes magnesium alloy burn easily.To solve the problem above,the ignition point of Mg-Ca alloy under nitrogen atmosphere was studied using a home-made experimental device and DSC-DTA.Results show that under nitrogen atmosphere,Ca addition has a great effect on the ignition point of Mg alloy.The ignition point of the Mg-5Ca bulk even exceeds 1,030 ℃,and the alloy can be held for 30 min at 900℃ without burning; while the average ignition point of Mg-5Ca powders is lower than 700℃,and it increases with the increasing particle size.Moreover,the purity of nitrogen must be in a certain scope; Mg-Ca alloy shows a higher ignition point under nitrogen with a purity of 99.5％.Based on the experimental results,the best adding content of Ca and the purity of nitrogen were determined,and the security and economic performance of preparing magnesium alloys by spray deposition were improved with nitrogen as atomizing gas.