孕育剂的生产应用研究

为避免因被孕育的铁液在浇包中停留时间过长而导致的孕育衰退,使铸件产生麻口和白口、降低铸件综合力学性能的现象的发生,通过用硅钡复合孕育剂取代75SiFe孕育剂孕育铁液,在相同生产工艺条件下,进行消除白口倾向作用的大小、抗孕育衰退的能力、力学性能对比、阶梯试块作壁厚敏感性试验、应力框铸造收缩应力试验等生产工艺性试验对比。结果表明,硅钡复合孕育剂孕育长效,衰退速率低,白口倾向小,石墨化能力强,改善了石墨形态,可明显增强铁液抗孕育衰退的能力,提高了铸件的综合力学性能。     

4DA1发动机气缸体螺栓孔渗漏的分析与解决

分析了4DA1气缸体渗漏的原因。通过试验，查明了孕育剂种类和加入量，Cr-Fe的加入量，铁液成分，浇注温度和微量Pb对渗漏率的影响；提出控制铁液成分，选择合适孕育剂，使用碲涂料等综合解决措施，有效降低渗漏率。     

脉冲电场处理对铁液凝固过程石墨化的影响

在未加任何孕育剂的情况下，铸铁铁液经过脉冲电场处理后，在凝固过程中发生了石墨化转变；在相同参数脉冲电场的作用下，处理时间长有利于石墨化转变的进行；原铁液中的硅有利于缩短处理时间，分析认为，脉冲电场的施加，引起了铁液中不同原子及原子团的电子施主/受主特性的改变，改变了铁液中碳的活度及原子团的尺度，从而引起铸铁铁液凝固过程中的石墨化转变。     

球墨铸铁轧辊的球化孕育处理分析与应用

介绍了球墨铸铁的球化处理和孕育处理方法,从原材料质量、工艺操作、铁液包形状、出炉温度等方面,分析了影响球化孕育效果的因素,并给出相应的防止措施,得出以下结论:(1)原铁液w(S)量高,会导致球化剂的加入量增加,不利于铁液质量的稳定;(2)w(RE)量高,会引起大断面的轧辊内部产生碎块状石墨;(3)根据铸件大小,适当控制球化处理温度和浇注温度,有利于避免产生球化衰退和孕育衰退等现象;(4)采用复合孕育剂、多次孕育和随流孕育等方法强化孕育处理,有利于增加石墨核心,改善球化效果,增加石墨数量,提高球铁铸件的综合性能。     

耐热球铁中碎块状石墨的产生机理及防止措施

结合生产实践中铁液过冷度对石墨形核的影响,研究了耐热球铁中的碎块状石墨产生机理。结果表明,耐热球铁中热节部位极易出现碎块状石墨,而导致这种碎块状石墨出现的主要原因为铁液凝固过程中具有较高的局部成分过冷。提高铁液活性、控制CE及微量元素成分、选取合适的孕育剂和孕育方式、提高局部冷却速度、减少铸件热节等工艺方案可以有效防止耐热球铁中的碎块状石墨产生问题。     

硅钼耐热球墨铸铁碎块状石墨缺陷分析及对策

针对企业在硅钼耐热球墨铸铁生产中发生碎块状石墨缺陷问题,分析研究了铁液活性、铁液成分、球化孕育处理及铸件厚大部位冷却速度等因素的影响情况.结果表明:提高铁液活性、控制碳当量(CE)及微量元素成分、选取合适的孕育剂和孕育方式、提高局部冷却速度、减少铸件热节等工艺措施能有效解决硅钼耐热球墨铸铁中的碎块状石墨问题.     

铁液预处理在球墨铸铁和灰铸铁生产中的应用

分析了感应电炉熔炼铁液石墨结晶核心减少的原因,说明石墨结晶核心减少会增大灰铸铁和球墨铸铁件的缩孔、缩松倾向,降低铸件的力学性能.指出预处理的主要作用是增加铁液的石墨结晶核心,改善球化处理和孕育处理的效果.叙述了常见预处理剂的特点,详细介绍了SiC预处理的具体操作要点,主要是:炉内铁液成分和温度合适时,扒渣,加入预处理剂...     

薄壁球墨铸铁白口组织的形成及影响石墨化的因素

简述了薄壁球墨铸铁容易产生白口组织的原因,抑制白口组织的生成应促进石墨化、增加石墨球数.介绍了化学成分C、Si、S、Mn、稀土元素及球化、孕育处理对石墨化的影响.应通过严格控制铁液成分、加强孕育并适当添加稀土元素,促使铁液充分石墨化,增加石墨球数来有效抑制白口生成.     

含Bi孕育剂对大断面球墨铸铁组织性能的影响

利用冲天炉/电炉双联熔炼工艺进行球铁熔炼。采用盖包法球化处理方法,球化剂加入量为1.2%,球化处理温度为1450~1470℃;一次孕育采用普通孕育剂,加入量0.9%,二次随流孕育分别采用FeSi75孕育剂和含Bi孕育剂,加入量均为0.1%。采用光学显微镜(OM)、拉力试验机、硬度计等检测手段研究了普通孕育剂FeSi75和含Bi孕育剂对大断面球墨铸铁组织性能的影响。结果表明:采用含Bi孕育剂增加了石墨球数量,提高了球墨圆整度,可明显增强铁液抗孕育衰退的能力,提高了铸件的低温冲击韧度。     

WD615柴油机气缸体渗漏缺陷分析与解决

分析了WD615缸体的渗漏原因。通过试验,查明了孕育剂种类和加入量(质量分数),Cr-Fe的加入量(质量分数),铁液成分和浇注温度对渗漏率的影响,找到了防止缩松渗漏的方法。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.