深空光通信中恒星信标的捕获跟踪技术研究

提出一种深空光通信系统的信标捕获、跟踪方案,该方案是以恒星作为信标,根据恒星在惯性坐标系中的绝对位置信息,基于航天器和地球星历表、航天器的姿态信息来进行下行光束瞄准方向的精确控制。理论分析和计算机仿真都表明,星敏感器的测量精度和焦距,下行信号光的束散角将影响激光链路成功建立概率。下行信号光束散角为30μrad,星敏感器视场为8°×8°,焦距为143mm,恒星的中心位置测量精度达到0.10个像素时,链路成功建立的概率达到96.4%,表明该方案是可行的。     

提高星图识别正确率的方法研究

在CCD星敏感器中，快速而可靠的星图识别算法成为星敏感器确定姿态的最关键部分．针对星图识别误匹配的存在，通过实验数据探讨了采用不同的星图识别特征、增加参与星图识别的恒星数目、提高恒星位置测量精度和星等测量精度、使用不同的星图匹配门限、选取合适导航星等方法，提高星图识别正确率。实验结果表明，采用这些方法后，星图正确匹配概率大大提高．     

基于恒星敏感器的仪器星等修正方法

基于恒星敏感器的仪器星等修正方法主要包括星际消光计算（大气层外）与大气消光计算（大气层内）两部分。通过对SKY2000原始星表的恒星星等进行转换计算,修正后星等差一般为0.5星等左右,且与观测仪器的光谱响应有关。     

带有恒星自行校正的星敏感器定姿

为了提供高精度星敏感器姿态测量精度,对三轴定姿受恒星自行影响产生误差的机理进行研究,将恒星自行量分成Ⅰ-Ⅸ级存储在导航星库中,并深入分析不同恒星自行量级在20年间对三轴姿态角输出的逐年变化情况。仿真实验结果表明:利用QUEST方法在20年内对三轴姿态角进行校正后精度可提高75″以上,在星等相近时优先选取自行量级较小的恒星进行姿态解算,使新条件数达到最小,大大提高工程上星敏感器姿态测量的精度和稳定性的要求。     

凸多边形星图识别算法

为解决星敏感器中较大视场快速、可靠的星图识别,提出了以凸多边形为基元、完全不依赖于星等的星图识别算法。对给定的视场,挑选其中较亮的恒星,依其坐标排序,然后采用由平面上的点生成凸多边形的算法,就能得到唯一的、以恒星为顶点的凸多边形。为验证星图识别算法的有效性,建立了导航星数据库,其储存单元为凸多边形的边和相邻边的夹角,共有3832个边数不等的凸多边形。在CPU为33MHz 的PC104上仿真结果表明:在任意视场中,生成凸多边形的时间小于5ms,基于凸多边形的星图识别成功率高于99%,并具有较强的鲁棒性。     

适用于星敏感器的星图识别方法

采用星敏感器测卫星姿态是现行方法中精度最高的 ,其关键是星图识别。阐述了只采用观测星的位置信息 ,利用观测星图与导航星表的星对角距进行聚类匹配 ,根据观测星图的连通性进行匹配识别的方法 ;用图论理论解释了星识别过程 ;介绍了导航星的选取规则、导航星库的存储内容及采用球矩阵存储和读取导航星库的方法 ;用 1 2 0 MHz主频的微机模拟分析了门限和位置噪声对识别及识别时间的影响。在门限取 0 .0 5°,位置噪声 (单轴 )δ=0 .0 2°以下时 ,在任一区域的识别率达 1 0 0 % ,识别时间平均少于 0 .2 s。     

一种基于遗传算法的全天自主星图识别算法

ＣＣＤ星跟踪器作为飞行器的姿态测量仪器有许多优点,它必须有一种全天自主星图识别算法来支持其工作。现有的星图识别算法都可以认为是一种模式识别。本文将星图识别视为一种组合优化问题,并用遗传算法来求解它。仿真结果表明与现有星图识别算法相比,本文算法具有良好的鲁棒性和实时性,且所需导航星数据库的容量小。     

APS星跟踪器探测灵敏度研究

APS星跟踪器探测灵敏度同APS噪声源、填充因子、量化效应、频谱响应和恒星的光辐射特性有关,其中,APS噪声和APS对恒星辐射的响应特性是主要影响因素。提出了一种计算APS探测极限星等的简单方法。该方法根据最佳检测原则,由信噪比阈值和APS噪声值得到APS探测信号值,再通过典型APS对0星等恒星的辐射响应求出APS相应的探测极限星等。在信噪比阈值为5的情况下,得到某类APS的探测极限为6.31星等。     

基于卡尔曼滤波的天文定位算法

针对如何提高舰船的导航精度的问题,提出了一种Kalman滤波天文定位算法。该算法根据天文三角形理论,在确定的时间内,利用恒星的赤经、赤纬以及利用光电经纬仪(或其他测量设备)输出的高度角、方位角等信息实现天文定位,并建立了舰船动力学模型。采用稳健估计对Kalman滤波模型进行处理,解决了滤波模型中非零均值系统白噪声的处理问题。采用该Kalman滤波对恒星的高度角数据进行滤波,实验结果表明,噪声为1′时定位误差由0.041253°降低为0.010394°,该算法提高了测量精度,抑制了测量噪声,有效增强了天文定位的可信度。     

图像配准在缓动弱小空间目标检测中的应用

在固定大视场光电探测系统图像中,远距离空间目标运动角速度慢、星像小,难以从众多恒星星像中有效检测到.针对上述问题,提出了一种基于恒星配准后差分相乘的缓动弱小空间目标检测算法,首先在空域上利用形态学Top-hat滤波抑制背景增强目标,然后在时域上将恒星配准后差分相乘增强缓动弱小空间目标,最后经自适应门限分割与航迹关联进行目标确认.实测结果表明,算法全面考虑了缓动弱小空间目标在时域及空域方面的特性,能有效地从复杂背景中检测到低信噪比缓动弱小目标,并满足实时性的要求.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to