海南岛西部地区砖红壤中重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险评价

[目的]对海南岛西部地区砖红壤中重金属元素进行生态地球化学调查和生态风险评价.[方法]时海南岛西部地区砖红壤中的Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb 6种重金属的含量进行分析,并用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法评价了砖红壤中重金属综合污染效应.[结果]海南岛西部地区砖红壤中Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb的平均含量分别为65.57、35.16、93.56、8.50、0.24、79.29 mg/kg.其中主要的重金属污染因子是Pb.各金属影响因子的顺序为Pb>Cu=Zn>Cr>As>Cd;各种重金属的潜在生态危害系数大小顺序为Pb>Cd>Cu>As>Cr>Zn;潜在生态风险指数(RI)平均值为45.14,属于低生态危害范畴.[结论]海南岛西部地区砖红壤中重金属污染属于轻微污染.     

深海鱼体中砷含量的测定与健康风险评价

[目的]通过测定10种常见深海鱼体中砷的含量,并对海南省沿海居民经由饮食途径摄入砷的健康风险进行评估,为合理的饮食提供基础数据和参考.[方法]利用混合液(硝酸+过氧化氢)消化样品,以盐酸作载流,采用氢化物-原子荧光法进行测定;采用目标危险系数(THQ)的方法对海南省沿海居民食用深海鱼的健康风险进行了评价.[结果]10种深海鱼的砷水平在0.018 5～0.091 2mg/,kg范围内,均低于<食品中污染物限量>(GB2762-2005)对无公害海产品中砷含量的限量标准(≤0.1 mg/kg),未出现超标现象.对成年人食用深海鱼的健康风险评估发现:海南省沿海居民长期食用带鱼、白鲳鱼、金线鱼、马鲛鱼、黄尾鱼、鲇鱼的目标危险系数大于1,存在健康风险;长期食用黄花鱼、石斑鱼、海肝鱼的目标危险系数接近1,有潜在的健康风险.[结论]在日常饮食中,合理搭配不同种类的鱼种以减少摄入重金属的健康风险,避免单一大量食用风险系数大于1的鱼种.     

五指山茶园表层土壤重金属污染危害评价

[目的]评价五指山茶园表层土壤重金属污染的危害程度.[方法]采样分析五指山茶园表层土壤重金属(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb)的平均含量及富集状况,分别以现代工业化以前沉积物中重金属的全球最高背景值和我国<土壤环境质量标准>的一级自然背景值为参比值,采用潜在生态危害指数法对五指山茶园表层土壤重金属的富集系数和生态危害系数以及生态危害指数进行了评价.[结果]以2种背景值为参比得出的重金属污染水平相近,Cd和Pb是对五指山茶园表层土壤生态环境具有潜在影响的主要重金属元素.[结论]五指山茶园表层土壤重金属的潜在危害程度为轻微-中等污染水平.     

原子荧光光度法测定花生壳中重金属含量

[目的]测定花生壳中重金属含量.[方法]采用原子荧光光度法测定云南不同产地花生壳中Cd、As、Hg、Pb的含量.[结果]不同产地花生壳中重金属含量存在一定差异,但均符合<药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准>(2001)中重金属的限量标准.[结论]原子荧光光度法快速、简便、准确,花生壳中重金属含量的测定可为花生壳药材的质量评价提供参考依据.     

不同消解方法对测定蒲公英中微量元素含量的影响

[目的]考察不同消解方法对蒲公英中Fe、zn、Cu、Mn 元素含量测定的影响.[方法]分别通过干法、湿法、微波法处理样品,利用原子吸收分光光度计测定样品中的4 种元素含量.[结果]用微波法消解样品时,测得Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量分别为35.01、103.11、210.86、21.13.μg/g,高于干法和湿法这2 种消解方法处理.[结论]微波消解法适合用于植物样品微量元素测定的前处理.     

百里杜鹃矿区附近土壤重金属潜在生态风险及环境容量研究

[目的]研究百里杜鹃景区土壤重金属污染的现状.[方法]选取矿区附近的土壤测定其重金属含量,采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法和环境指数法对其进行潜在生态危害评价和环境容量分析.[结果]重金属对矿区附近的土壤已造成不同程度的生态危害,尤其是Hg和Cd,其中离矿区较近的位置达到了高生态危害水平,土壤环境对重金属的承载力很低,处于警戒水平或无容量状态.[结论]在开采百里杜鹃矿产资源的同时,应尽快着手治理景区内土壤重金属污染.     

河北省海域贝类养殖区生态环境质量评价研究

[目的]加强贝类养殖环境的保护,保障水产食品的卫生安全.[方法]根据2009年10月同步进行河北省海域贝类养殖区海水、沉积物和养殖贝类质量的调查资料,采用海水质量评价指数、表层沉积物质量评价指数和养殖贝类质量评价指数以及贝类养殖生态环境质量综合评价对河北省海域贝类养殖生态环境质量进行了综合评价.[结果]海水质量、表层沉积物质量和养殖贝类质量水平平均为2级、5级和4级,总体分别处于较好、差和较差水平,贝类养殖区生态环境质量平均为3级,总体处于一般水平,其主要污染物为PO<,4><'3->、DIN、大肠菌群,同时不同养殖区生态环境质量差异明显,其中浅海养殖区生态环境质量较好,为I 类区,适合养殖贝类;潮间带养殖区生态环境质量较差,为3类区,不适合贝类养殖.[结论]除浅海养殖区外,河北省海域贝类养殖区生态环境亟待改良.     

黄海表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征与生态风险评价

[目的]研究黄海表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征,评价其生态风险.[方法]对黄海海域表层沉积物中重金属(Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cr、Fe、Hg和Cd)的含量分布和富集状况进行了调查,分析了重金属之间以及重金属与有机碳(TOC)含量之间的相关性,并采用Hakan-son的潜在生态危害指数法评价了该海域重金属污染的程度及其潜在的生态危害.[结果]在南黄海中部和威海以北的北黄海西部海域表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Fe和Hg的含量偏高,海州湾和北黄海北部含量偏低,Mn、Cd的分布较不均匀,离散程度较大;黄海表层沉积物中各项重金属含量均存在正相关性,Ph与Zn、Zn与Cr、Pb与Cr的相关系数分别达到0.97、0.96和0.94.Cd和Cu呈显著相关,但Cd与其他重金属无显著相关关系,重金属与TOC之间也存在正相关.潜在生态危害评价结果表明,黄海表层沉积物只有部分站点处于生态危害的中等级别,大多站点生态危害轻微,各个重金属元素的潜在生态风险程度由强到弱依次为Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn,对黄海表层沉积物具有潜在影响的重金属主要是Cd;底质环境质量评价显示,南黄海中部的泥质沉积区域环境质量较差,应予以重视.[结论]该研究为黄海环境保护和生态系统的可持续发展提供了理论依据.     

微波消解——电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP—MS)法同时测定土壤中8种重金属元素

为提高土壤重金属检测的准确率，本文采用了微波消解预处理-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP—MS)法来测定土壤中重金属的含量。通过运用硝酸(HNO₃)、氢氟酸(HF)、双氧水(H₂O₂)和盐酸(HCL)作为预处理消解药剂且选择的预处理消解条件：体积比HCL:HNO₃:HF:H₂O₂=3∶6∶2∶2，最终加热温度为180℃。经过对比土壤标准样品GBWO7401(GSS-1)和GBW07452(GSS-23)，预处理后，经过检测其精密度和稳定性都有较大的提升。之后利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法来检测土壤环境中的砷、镉、铬、铜、镍、铅、锌和锰等8种重金属元素。数据显示检测结果满足分析要求。     

景洪市茶园茶叶和土壤中重金属的污染评价

通过野外调查采样和室内分析方法对云南省景洪市茶园茶叶和土壤中重金属元素As、Pb、Cr、Hg和Cd的含量进行研究,并结合茶园茶叶和土壤的卫生质量标准,采用污染指数法对茶叶和土壤进行污染评价.结果表明:景洪市茶园茶叶和土壤中重金属元素的平均含量均较低,其中茶叶重金属含量低于无公害茶叶重金属最低限值,土壤重金属含量达到国家2级标准.茶叶中重金属元素单因子污染指数和综合污染指数均小于0.6,茶叶质量均达到国家1级标准;土壤中除As的综合污染指数为1.11,其余4种重金属元素综合污染指数均小于1.0.土壤处于安全等级或警戒线等级,为清洁水平或尚清洁水平.建议今后在进行无公害茶园的布局和建设时,应对基地适当加以选择.     

Regional differences in suicide in Hungary in the light of registered cases of depression

Author made a revision on the theory published by Rihmer and alii in the year 1989. According to this theory the marked regional differences of suicide in Hungary are caused by the different discovery of the "endogen depression" (rate of diagnosed depression). So the lower is the diagnosis of depression the higher is the suicide rate in a given territory. They have seen a negative correlation between the number of working physicians and the suicide rates. Author made a reexamination on a correct database between 1985-1994. He has also made a study using the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria in four counties of Hungary. His results deny the theory above mentioned. The rank-correlation of the number of GP and the suicide rates in Hungary in years 1985-1994 did not show correlation. So the underdiagnosis of the depressive disorders and the different number of GP are not the cause of the regional differences of suicide in Hungary.     

Role of clozapine in the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in human bone-marrow cells in vivo and in cultured lymphocytes in vitro

Bone-marrow chromosomes were examined from 38 mentally and physically retarded and two psychiatric patients who were being treated with a variety of neuropharmacologic drugs. Twenty of these patients used clozapine (Leponex). The clastogenic effects of clozapine in vitro were studied in the lymphocyte cultures of three patients--one free of hematologic disease and two who 6 months earlier had had agranulocytosis attributed to the use of clozapine. The mean frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in the bone-marrow cells of patients who used clozapine was significantly increased (P less than 0.05). The two patients who had had agranulocytosis had a greater frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in their cultured lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro than the patient free of hematologic disease. A clone with a 13/14 chromosome translocation was detected in one of the patients. As all patients received a number of drugs during the in vivo and in vitro studies no definite conclusions could be drawn regarding the role played by clozapine in the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities.     

Inhibitory effect of suramin in rat models of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

The aim of the present study was to test the ability of the chemotherapeutic agent suramin to inhibit angiogenesis in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. In the culture of rat aortic rings on fibronectin, suramin dose-dependently inhibited vascular cell growth, achieving the maximal effect (mean - 88% versus controls, P < 0.05) at 400 microg/ml. Image analysis showed that suramin could inhibit microvessel sprouting in fibrin from rat aortic rings as evaluated by the ratio between the cellular area and the mean gray value of the sample (sprouting index); suramin at 50 microg/ml significantly reduced the sprouting index from the control value of 0.35+/-0.04 to 0.14+/-0.02 mm2/gray level (P < 0.05). Likewise, the area occupied by cells was 19.2+/-1.8 mm2 as compared with 41.8+/-4.2 mm2 in controls (P < 0.05). In the rat model of neovascularization induced in the cornea by chemical injury, suramin at 1.6 mg/eye per day reduced the length of blood vessels (0.7+/-0.1 mm as compared with 1.5+/-0.1 mm in controls, P < 0.05). In the same model the ratio between the area of blood vessels and the total area of the cornea (area fraction score) was decreased by suramin from 0.19+/-0.02 in controls to 0.03+/-0.003 (P < 0.05). Suramin given i.p. at 30 mg/ kg per day markedly inhibited the neovascularization induced in the rat mesentery by compound 48/80 or conditioned medium from cells secreting the angiogenic protein fibroblast growth factor-3 (FGF-3). The area fraction score in control rats treated with compound 48/80 was 0.31+/-0.03, and this was reduced to 0.07+/-0.01 by suramin (P < 0.05). After i.p. administration of FGF-3 the area fraction score was reduced by suramin from 0.29+/-0.03 to 0.05+/-0.01 (P < 0.05). These results provide evidence that suramin exerts inhibitory effects on angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models.     

Difference in changes of plasma volume in two types of Goldblatt hypertension in rabbits

High plasma renin concentration (PRC) and hematocrit (Ht) were observed in hypertensive rabbits with one renal artery clipped and an intact opposite kidney (Group A), while rather low PRC and Ht in hypertensive ones with one renal artery clipped and the opposite kidney removed (Group B). Plasma volume (PV), blood volume (BV), and packed cell volume (PCV) were estimated in these two types of hypertensive rabbits, and also in sham-operated rabbits (Group C). In Group A, 4 weeks after clipping of a renal artery, PV was decreased and significant inverse correlations were observed between PV and the elevation of blood pressure and between PV and PRC. A significant correlation between PRC and the elevation of blood pressure was also found 4 and 12 weeks after the clipping. PCV was increased until 12 weeks after clipping. In Group B, PV was increased 1 and 4 weeks after clipping, then returned to the initial level. Ht was decreased 1 and 12 weeks, and PCV was decreased 12 weeks after clipping. These results would indicate that a high Ht seen in Group A was partly due to the decreased PV and partly due to the increased PCV, while, in Group B, a low Ht in early stage might be mainly due to the increased PV, but in the late stage, a decreased PCV appeared to play a role to lower Ht. PRC seems to be affected differently by PV in these two types of hypertension.     

CS1000在天铁烧结生产过程控制中的应用

结合天津铁厂烧结分厂二烧车间烧结过程控制的具体情况,介绍了分散型控制系统在烧结生产上的应用以及数据网上发布的一种方法。     

Efficacy of lomefloxacin in treatment of nonspecific inflammatory diseases and in prophylaxis of postoperative complications in urology

Clinical and bacteriological efficacies of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were comparatively estimated in the treatment of 104 urologic patients with nonspecific inflammatory diseases and in 36 urologic patients for prophylaxis of inflammatory complications after surgical interventions. The majority of the urinary tract pathogens i.e. Enterobacteriaceae spp. and gramnegative nonfermenting bacteria were highly susceptible to both the fluoroquinolones. The clinical and bacteriological efficacies of lomefloxacin amounted to 94.4 and 80.7 per cent and those of ofloxacin to 92 and 79.2 per cent respectively. The prophylactic use of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin was efficient in 94.7 and 94.1 per cent of the cases respectively. The antibacterial prophylaxis in urologic patients should be applied not only at the period of surgical interventions but also during the early postoperative period.     

Epidemiology of trichinellosis in lynx in Finland

To examine the possibility of cytokine gene therapy in relation to pancreatic cancer, we evaluated the antitumor effect of human pancreatic carcinoma cells (AsPC-1) which were retrovirally-transduced with several kinds of cytokine genes. These cells were inoculated into BALB/c nude mice and their tumor volumes were assessed. The in vitro growth rate of the transduced cells was not different from that of a parental cell line. Among the transduced cells, human interleukin (IL)-6-transduced AsPC-1 and mouse granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced AsPC-1 cells showed a significant retardation of tumor growth compared with a parental cell line. In the cases of AsPC-1 cells transduced with the human IL-2 or mouse IL-4 gene, small tumors were generated but thereafter they regressed completely. Histological examinations showed monocytic cell infiltration around the tumors of IL-2- or IL-4-producing cells. These data suggest that secretion of IL-2 or IL-4 from tumor cells can induce an antitumor effect even in the defective condition of mature T cells.