自蔓延高温合成法合成金属陶瓷功能梯度材料研究进展

阐述了自蔓延高温合成法(SHS)制备的功能梯度材料的种类、特性及其应用前景,探讨了自蔓延高温反应合成金属陶瓷功能梯度材料的影响因素(合成原料、点火工艺、反应环境和辅助措施),并分三个阶段(准备阶段、合成阶段和后处理阶段)讨论了SHS法制备功能梯度材料应注意的技术问题,同时介绍了自蔓延法辅助其他工艺(SHS反应喷涂)制备梯度陶瓷材料技术,并提出了自蔓延高温合成法制备金属陶瓷功能梯度材料今后的发展方向。     

采用SHS/QP技术制备TiC-xNi金属陶瓷——Ⅱ.加压工艺与材料性能

已经研制出新的SHS/QP材料制备系统。本文中研究了高压延迟、高压延时、高压压力等工艺参数对TiC-xNi金属陶瓷密实度和结构的影响。讨论了SHS/QP过程中材料结构形成的机理。通过优化工艺参数和材料组成,制备出了良好性能的金属陶瓷。为金属陶瓷的制备提供了一条新的途径。     

燃烧合成TiC-A12O3/Fe梯度材料及其抗热震行为

采用自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压(SHS/PHIP)制备出了具有对称结构的TiC-A12O3/Fe梯度材料,并对其抗热冲击及抗热疲劳行为进行了测试和分析。结果表明,SHS/PHIP制备的TiC-A12O3/Fe梯度材料具有预期的梯度式组成,在热冲击和热疲劳实验过程中均无梯度层间横向贯穿裂缝,克服了传统陶瓷/金属直接接合界面的热应力剥落。     

燃烧合成TiC-Al2O3/Fe梯度材料及其抗热震行为

采用自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压（SHS／PHIP）制备出了具有对称结构的TiC-Al2O3/Fe梯度材料,并对其抗热冲击及抗热疲劳行为进行了测试和分析,结果表明,SHS／PHIP制备的TiC-Al2O3/Fe梯度材料具有预期的梯度式组成,在热冲击和热疲劳实验过程中均无梯度层间横向贯穿裂缝,克服了传统陶瓷／金属直接接合界面的热应力剥落。     

梯度功能材料的研究现状与展望

综述了国内外梯度功能材料(FGM)的研究现状,介绍了梯度功能材料的优化设计原则、制备工艺与特性评价,其中重点介绍了梯度功能材料制备工艺的基本原理和工艺方法,如粉末冶金法、气相沉积法、自蔓延高温合成法、热喷涂法、电沉积法、激光熔敷法等,分析了各种制备工艺技术存在的利弊,展望了梯度功能材料的发展前景与方向.     

自蔓延高温合成工艺研究

阐述了自蔓延高温合成技术的发展和应用现状,并且利用SHS技术在普碳钢材表面合成了厚为10mm的Al_2O_3/Fe表面梯度复合层,通过理化手段测试出复合材料的成分呈梯度变化,金属陶瓷连接陶瓷层与基体钢表面,陶瓷与普碳钢具有良好的连接强度,不易剥离。同时还探索了各添加剂元素对金属陶瓷结合等性能的影响规律。     

自蔓延高温合成工艺研究

阐述了自蔓延高温合成技术的发展和应用现状，并且利用SHS技术在普碳钢材表面合成了厚为l0mm的Al2O3／Fe表面梯度复合层，通过理化手段测试出复合材料的成分呈梯度变化，金属陶瓷连接陶瓷层与基体钢表面，陶瓷与普碳钢具有良好的连接强度，不易剥离。同时还探索了各添加剂元素对金属陶瓷结合等性能的影响规律。     

非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷的自蔓延高温合成

研究了反应物起始条件对非化学计量碳化钛SHS过程燃烧动力学的影响。用燃烧波淬火法分析了燃烧产物组织形成过程,并计算了SHS过程的激活能。 研究SHS—准热等静压工艺表明,制备非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷时,存在一有利于致密化的最佳施压滞后时间。增大外加压力有利于提高最终产物密度,直到压力大于160MPa后产物密度不再增大,施加压力的保持时间超过1.5min后,延长时间亦不能增加最终产物密度。 在C/Ti=0.42～0.50范围内,用SHS—准热等静压工艺制备了致密化的非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷。金属陶瓷经800℃、0.5h处理后,其中的非化学计量碳化钛相发生有序化转变,金属陶瓷的抗弯强度增大。 根据材料设计知识,添加Ni、TaC、Mo有效地细化了金属陶瓷晶粒,提高了金属陶瓷性能。并且添加Mo使粘结相由α-Ti(hcp)转化为β-Ti(bcc),提高粘结相变形能力。在C/Ti=0.45时,同时添加7wt％的Mo和4wt％TaC的复合作用使金属陶瓷抗弯强度达884.0MPa,硬度HRA87.3。 自蔓延高温合成的非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷,具有较好的红硬性和优良的耐腐蚀性能。     

金属陶瓷先进高温结构材料的应用及研究进展

主要从应用角度综述了金属陶瓷高温结构材料在航空航天、加工制造和温度测量领域的研究进展,同时分析论述了金属陶瓷的制备原则及其在航空领域的发展趋势。提出金属陶瓷需要在两方面加强研究工作,一方面是开展提高材料断裂韧性方面的基础理论研究,另一方面是注重制备工艺的改进创新。     

功能梯度材料:回顾与展望

本文阐述了功能梯度材料的种类、主要制备方法以及国内外研究进展和应用，对该领域的几个重要热点问题进行了讨论。此外，提出了一种新的梯度材料制备方法——等离子喷焊法，分析了该法的特点。     

自蔓延高温合成结合铸造技术制备复合材料的研究

将自蔓延高温合成(SHS)、粉末冶金与铸造工艺结合的复合材料制备方法,可以制备出表面层厚3～20 mm的材料.其过程是将选配好的反应物料压制成块并将其粘在型腔内或直接将混合均匀后反应物料粉体粘接在所需部位,用熔融金属液浇注并引发SHS反应,同时金属液浸透反应后的毛细孔隙,自然凝固并与母材金属结为一体,在所需表面原位合成金属-陶瓷复合层.     

间隙波在功能梯度压电板和压电半空间结构中的传播

研究了间隙波在功能梯度压电板和压电半空间结构中的传播性质.功能梯度压电板的材料性能沿x2方向呈指数变化,首先推导了间隙波传播时的解析解,利用界面条件得到了间隙波的频散方程,基于推导的频散方程,结合数值算例分析了功能梯度压电材料的梯度、压电层厚度以及材料性能对间隙波相速度的影响,研究结果对功能梯度压电材料的覆层结构在声波器件中的应用具有重要的参考价值.     

Microstructure and Resisting Thermal Shock Behaviors of TiC-Al2O3/Fe Functionally Graded MaterialsPrepared by SHS/PHIP

The microstructure and composition of TiC-A12O3/Fe functionally graded materials (FGM) prepared by self-propagating high temperature synthesis and pseudo-hot isostatic pressing (SHS/ PHIP) were studied, and the resisting thermal shock behaviors were analyzed. The results show that TiC-A12O3/Fe FGM has graded composition distribution. No cross-section crack through the layers was found in the tests of thermal shock and fatigue.     

梯度结构热电材料的研究动态

为了获得高的热电能量转换效率,可以把不同单体联接制成多段热电装置形成梯度结构(FGM),能有效扩大工作温度区间;同时又可以使每段材料工作在其最佳温度范围内,获得最佳的热电优值,有效提高热电转换效率.概述了梯度结构热电材料的设计与研究现状,并简要介绍了梯度结构中的界面稳定性和性能表征.     

燃烧合成TiC-Al_2O_3/Fe梯度材料及其抗热震行为

采用自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压（ＳＨＳ／ＰＨＩＰ）制备出了具有对称结构的 ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ｆｅ梯度材料,并对其抗热冲击及抗热疲劳行为进行了测试和分析·结果表明, ＳＨＳ／ＰＨＩＰ制备的 ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ｆｅ梯度材料具有预期的梯度式组成,在热冲击和热疲劳实验过程中均无梯度层间横向贯穿裂缝,克服了传统陶瓷／金属直接接合界面的热应力剥落．     

Al—TiO2自蔓延高温合成和热爆合成金属陶瓷宏观动力学差异

通过试验观察了Al-TiO_2自蔓延高温合成(SHS)和热爆合成Ti-Al_2O_3金属陶瓷复合材料宏观结构差异,并结合冶金学原理对此作了分析。发现Al-TiO_2反应系统以SHS方式进行时,能合成组成、结构均匀的Ti-Al_2O_3金属陶瓷复合材料,而热爆方式进行时则不能做到。     

Fracture problems,vibration, buckling,and bending analyses of functionally graded materials: A state-of-the-art review including smart FGMS

Composite materials fail under extreme working conditions, particularly at high temperature, due to delamination (separation of fibers from matrix). And therefore it is needed to switch over functionally graded materials (FGMs) which can sustain at high temperature conditions (250–2000°C). There is a need to analyze the fracture and fatigue characteristics of FGM structures and so through this review the emphasis is given on fracture analysis of FGM materials. It has been reported that a combination of extended finite element method and isogeometric analysis methodologies has been used for general mixed-mode crack propagation problems after the introduction of extended isogeometric analysis. Furthermore, recent computational advances have been in the form of multiscale simulations where the part of model is simulated by a finer modeling scale, which can represent details of the material behavior and the interacting effects of material constituents in the finest way. The review is also focused on new advances in analytical and numerical methods for the stress, vibration, and buckling analyses of FGMs. Emphasis has been primarily on to restrict 2D analysis with sorts of compromise in the accuracy of results. First shear deformation theory (FSDT) and third-order shear deformation theory have been extensively used among the various 2D plate theories. FSDT can help us in terms of getting reasonably accurate results with less computational afford. This paper also outlines review on carbon nanotubes (CNT) reinforced FGMs, functionally graded nanocomposites, functionally graded single-walled CNT, FG nanobeam as well as functionally graded piezoelectric materials. Future applications would be based on these smart materials which are supposed to serve us in adverse conditions. Of course, with rise and advent of promising nanotechnology and its potential impact on aerospace industry as well as on other areas, it becomes important to us to compile this review article.     

A complex variable approach for asymptotic Mode-III crack-tip fields in an anisotropic functionally graded material

This paper addresses asymptotic full crack-tip fields for an anti-plane (Mode-III) stationary crack in an anisotropic functionally graded material. A monoclinic material that has a material symmetry plane is considered. The complex variable approach and the asymptotic analysis are used to solve a perturbed Laplace equation resulting from material anisotropy and gradation. The out-of-plane displacement and stress solutions are provided for a crack in exponentially and linearly graded anisotropic materials by considering material gradation either parallel or perpendicular to the crack. The characteristics of the asymptotic solutions in an anisotropic functionally graded material are compared with those for anisotropic homogeneous and isotropic graded materials. Finally, engineering significance of the present work is discussed.