两亲性共轭聚合物APPV的合成

共轭聚合物具有特殊的光、电性质及良好的环境稳定性，可以用作许多功能器件，本文设计合成了共轭主链上带有疏水尾链和亲水头基的两亲性APPV，采用红外光谱和。HNMR谱对其结构进行了表征，表明产物是所设计的目标化舍物；并用。π-A等温线对其在空气／水界面上的单分子膜进行了观测，发现单分子膜中聚合物以“共轭平面垂直于空气／水界面取向。     

分子与纳米自组装材料的研究进展

对近年来分子与纳米自组装材料方面的研究进行了总结，分别从小分子自组装，大分子自组装，纳米自组装三个方面进行综述，展示了该领域的一些重要进展和研究结果的应用前景。     

碳纳米管自组装材料的制备及其性能研究

碳纳米管是目前最细的纤维材料,表现出优异的力学性能和独特的电学性能.通过对碳纳米管开口可将某些物质填入管内,制成具有特殊性质(如磁性、超导性)的一维量子线.采用液相法对碳纳米管进行开口并填充了稀土化合物,制备出涂层材料并对其进行了表征.通过紫外一可见分光光度计对涂层的反射率和透射率进行测试,结果表明,其在可见和近红外波段的反射率分别在0.40%和0.30%左右,透射率分别为0.10%和0.25%,可见,该涂层对可见光和近红外光具有良好的吸收特性.这种性质使碳纳米管在隐身材料方面的应用有了进一步发展.     

自组装技术在分子水平上处理共轭高分子的应用

本文介绍了一种可以从分子水平上处理共轭聚合物的方法－－自组装技术,这种逐层组装技术已被用于制备超薄多层及多层异结构膜等,具有制备过程简单、成膜均匀、结构完好等优点,可对膜厚、组成、沉积高分子链的方向及形态结构进行分子水平的控制。介绍了自组装技术用于处理共轭高分子的一些实际应用。     

分子自组装方法与应用研究

介绍了分子自组装的基本概念，总结了几类分子自组装的合成方法及相应领域的最新进展，文中还介绍了表征分子自组装体系的分析方法。     

应用DNA模版自组装CdS纳米线

近年来,由于具有双螺旋补偿结构,DNA分子作为智能模版被广泛应用于设计棒状或管状类的纳米结构.本文报道了应用DNA双螺旋模版将CdS纳米粒子自组装为CdS纳米线.制备的CdS纳米线由几根纳米线紧密缠绕在一起,也呈螺旋形结构,该结构在无机材料中是很少见的.该结构形成的主要原因归功于CdS纳米粒子和DNA分子间的强烈静电互作用,由于含自由基的CdS纳米粒子带负电荷,而氨基的DNA核酸根带正电荷.研究结果表明应用DNA模版制备纳米线是一种简便、高效的技术和方法.同时,DNA模版法也为从底上制备纳米级的材料和物体提供了广阔的空间.     

金表面不同官能团自组装材料的生物性能研究

设计了一种特定的化学模型系统,将带有不同官能团(烷基、羧基、羟基、氨基)的硫醇分子自组装在金片表面,研究不同官能团分子对蛋白吸附的影响.实验结果表明,对于两种不同蛋白质牛血清蛋白(BSA)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF),带有疏水性官能团的烷基硫醇自组装膜对蛋白吸附量大于其他3种硫醇自组装膜,即亲疏水性是决定材料表面吸附蛋白的主要因素.另外,材料表面电荷性质也影响蛋白吸附,当表面官能团为带正电基团如氨基,则它对牛血清这类带负电的蛋白的吸附就大于带有羧基、羟基等这类带负电基团的分子,而后者对于正电蛋白的吸附更为明显.     

超分子材料的发展

本文综述了超分子材料的发展概况 ,并重点介绍了超分子器件、超分子液晶、仿超分子生物材料和超分子纳米材料等超分子化技术的研究进展 ,展望了超分子材料的发展前景及其开发应用潜力     

纳米颗粒自组装SERS基底的发展及应用进展

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术作为一种分析手段,因其高灵敏度、高选择性、及对样品的非破坏性等,在生物医药、环境检测、分析化学及食品安全等领域获得了广泛应用。金属纳米颗粒阵列因具有较强的局部表面等离子共振效应,能构造出高性能的SERS基底。自组装技术作为可制备出高度有序、可重复性高且结构可控的纳米阵列的方法,迄今仍是SERS基底构造研究领域中的热点。简单介绍了自组装技术的方法及其在SERS基底制备中的发展及应用,并对其未来发展趋势做出展望。     

有机材料的二阶光学非线性特性研究

介绍了确定有机分子二阶非线性极化率的方法,如超瑞利散射技术、溶致变色法、电场诱导二次谐波(EFISHG),全光极化.在分子结构的角度上总结了共轭分子的链长、取代基的电子特性、共轭骨架与二阶非线性极化率的关系.共扼长度的增加和共扼体系的扩展有利于电子在更大范围内发生转移.给电子能力和受体的吸电子能力越强,越有利于体系形成电荷转移的共振态,扩大(π)电子的流动范围,使分子在外场中更易发生分子内电荷转移而有利于增强分子的微观倍频效应.     

Supramolecular-Macrocycle-Based Crystalline Organic Materials

Supramolecular macrocycles are well known as guest receptors in supramolecular chemistry, especially host−guest chemistry. In addition to their wide applications in host−guest chemistry and related areas, macrocycles have also been employed to construct crystalline organic materials (COMs) owing to their particular structures that combine both rigidity and adaptivity. There are two main types of supramolecular-macrocycle-based COMs: those constructed from macrocycles themselves and those prepared from macrocycles with other organic linkers. This review summarizes recent developments in supramolecular-macrocycle-based COMs, which are categorized by various types of macrocycles, including cyclodextrins, calixarenes, resorcinarenes, pyrogalloarenes, cucurbiturils, pillararenes, and others. Effort is made to focus on the structures of supramolecular-macrocycle-based COMs and their structure–function relationships. In addition, the application of supramolecular-macrocycle-based COMs in gas storage or separation, molecular separation, solid-state electrolytes, proton conduction, iodine capture, water or environmental treatment, etc., are also presented. Finally, perspectives and future challenges in the field of supramolecular-macrocycle-based COMs are discussed.     

Tetraphenylethylene‐Interweaving Conjugated Macrocycle Polymer Materials as Two‐Photon Fluorescence Sensors for Metal Ions and Organic Molecules

A luminescent conjugated macrocycle polymer (CMP) with strong two‐photon fluorescence property, namely, P[5]‐TPE‐CMP, is constructed from ditriflate‐functionalized pillar[5]arene and a 1,1,2,2‐tetrakis(4‐ethynylphenyl)ethylene (TPE) linker through a Sonogashira–Hagihara cross‐coupling reaction. Significantly, in sharp contrast with the corresponding conjugated microporous polymer without synthetic macrocycles, P[5]‐TPE‐CMP shows an outstanding stability against photobleaching and exhibits highly selective cation sensing capability toward Fe³⁺ at different excitation wavelengths (both UV and red–near‐infrared regions). Meanwhile, its fluorescence could also be sufficiently quenched by 4‐amino azobenzene, a frequently used organic dye that is certified to be carcinogenic, as compared with a group of common organic compounds. This work paves a new way for enhancing the properties of porous organic polymers through the introduction of supramolecular macrocycles like macrocyclic arenes.     

Ambipolar Transport in Organic Conjugated Materials

The relative mobility of holes versus electrons in π‐conjugated materials is a long‐standing issue in the field of organic electronics. In this Progress Report, we first argue on the basis of theoretical considerations that in general organic semiconductors are intrinsically as good electron transporters as they are hole transporters. Then, in the light of selected experimental works, we discuss the origin of the features that prevent the observation of intrinsic electron transport, and the strategies that have been developed to promote ambipolar transport in field‐effect transistors.     

Organic Photorefractive Materials and Applications

This review describes recent advances and applications in the field of organic photorefractive materials, an interesting area in the field of organic electronics and promising candidate for various aspects of photonic applications. We describe the current state of knowledge about the processes involved in the formation of photorefractive gratings in organic materials and focus on the chemical and photo‐physical aspects of the material structures employed in low glass‐transition temperature amorphous composites and organic photorefractive glasses. State‐of‐the art materials are highlighted and recent demonstrations of photonic applications relying on the reversible holographic nature of the photorefractive materials are discussed.     

Improved Performance of Printable Perovskite Solar Cells with Bifunctional Conjugated Organic Molecule

A bifunctional conjugated organic molecule 4‐(aminomethyl) benzoic acid hydroiodide (AB) is designed and employed as an organic cation in organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials. Compared with the monofunctional cation benzylamine hydroiodide (BA) and the nonconjugated bifunctional organic molecule 5‐ammonium valeric acid, devices based on AB‐MAPbI₃ show a good stability and a superior power conversion efficiency of 15.6% with a short‐circuit current of 23.4 mA cm^?2, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.94 V, and a fill factor of 0.71. The bifunctional conjugated cation not only benefits the growth of perovskite crystals in the mesoporous network, but also facilitates the charge transport. This investigation helps explore new approaches to rational design of novel organic cations for perovskite materials.     

Conjugated Macrocycle Polymer Nanoparticles with Alternating Pillarenes and Porphyrins as Struts and Cyclic Nodes

Conjugated macrocycle polymers (CMPs) integrated using the macrocyclic confinement effect make imposing restrictions feasible on the growth of metal nanoparticles with confined size and high dispersion. For a proof‐of‐concept exploration, a novel nanoscale CMP is reported, denoted as DMP[5]‐TPP‐CMP, comprising two representative types of macrocyclic compounds, i.e., pillararene and porphyrin, as alternating strut/node components in the skeleton. With abundant anchoring sites, CMP implanted with Pd nanoparticles (Pd@DMP[5]‐TPP‐CMP, Pd@CMP for short) is successfully obtained through a simple post‐treatment, exhibiting remarkable catalytic activity in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (SMC) and nitrophenol reduction. The as‐prepared Pd@CMP material shows favorable performance in expediting the process of SMC with an appreciable yield even under mild conditions, as well as in facilitating the electron transfer process from borohydride to nitrophenol through metal–hydride complex to produce aminophenol with a very short transformation time of 3 min and superior apparent kinetic rate constant k _app of 1.9 × 10^?2 s^?1, higher than most palladium supports. Significantly, this multifunctional Pd@CMP composite material not only enriches the family of CMPs, but also sheds light on the development of green catalysts with excellent stability and easy recyclability without deactivation.     

Supramolecular Energy Materials

Self-assembly is a bioinspired strategy to craft materials for renewable and clean energy technologies. In plants, the alignment and assembly of the light-harvesting protein machinery in the green leaf optimize the ability to efficiently convert light from the sun to form chemical bonds. In artificial systems, strategies based on self-assembly using noncovalent interactions offer the possibility to mimic this functional correlation among molecules to optimize photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and energy storage. One of the long-term objectives of the field described here as supramolecular energy materials is to learn how to design soft materials containing light-harvesting assemblies and catalysts to generate fuels and useful chemicals. Supramolecular energy materials also hold great potential in the design of systems for photovoltaics in which intermolecular interactions in self-assembled structures, for example, in electron donor and acceptor phases, maximize charge transport and avoid exciton recombination. Possible pathways to integrate organic and inorganic structures by templating strategies and electrodeposition to create materials relevant to energy challenges including photoconductors and supercapacitors are also described. The final topic discussed is the synthesis of hybrid perovskites in which organic molecules are used to modify both structure and functions, which may include chemical stability, photovoltaics, and light emission.     

2D Organic Materials for Optoelectronic Applications

The remarkable merits of 2D materials with atomically thin structures and optoelectronic attributes have inspired great interest in integrating 2D materials into electronics and optoelectronics. Moreover, as an emerging field in the 2D‐materials family, assembly of organic nanostructures into 2D forms offers the advantages of molecular diversity, intrinsic flexibility, ease of processing, light weight, and so on, providing an exciting prospect for optoelectronic applications. Herein, the applications of organic 2D materials for optoelectronic devices are a main focus. Material examples include 2D, organic, crystalline, small molecules, polymers, self‐assembly monolayers, and covalent organic frameworks. The protocols for 2D‐organic‐crystal‐fabrication and ‐patterning techniques are briefly discussed, then applications in optoelectronic devices are introduced in detail. Overall, an introduction to what is known and suggestions for the potential of many exciting developments are presented.