海肠保健低温火腿肠的研制

以海肠、猪肉为原料研制海肠保健低温火腿肠,在增加火腿肠原有风味的同时,增加其营养和保健作用。其原料的最佳配比为海肠:猪肉＝15:75,其中猪肉肥瘦比为3:7。并添加天然风味物质,研制出风味质地优良,具有一定保健和营养功效的海肠低温火腿肠。     

鱿鱼低温火腿肠的加工工艺

以秘鲁鱿鱼、冷冻鱼糜为原料研制低温鱿鱼火腿肠,旨在保持鱼肉火腿肠原有风味的同时,提高其口感和营养价值,研制出具有特定鱿鱼风味的鱿鱼低温火腿肠。经过感官评价和TPA实验评价,得出原料的最佳配比为m(鱿鱼)∶m(鱼糜)=2∶3,采用弱碱液处理鱿鱼肉块,可去除酸涩味。     

金桔风味火腿肠的研制

研究以猪肉为主要原料,主要考察金桔果脯、菊粉、大豆分离蛋白对火腿肠品质的影响,通过单因素实验和正交实验,结果表明:金桔风味火腿肠的最佳工艺配方为猪肉100%计(瘦肉80%、猪脂肪20%)时,金桔果脯用量为6%、菊粉用量为7%、大豆分离蛋白用量为4%。此时金桔风味火腿肠的色泽红润、口感细腻、具有金桔香味,是集营养和美味于一体的健康食品。     

低温猪肉火腿肠加工工艺

为探究低温猪肉火腿肠的最佳生产工艺,研究在传统高温火腿肠加工工艺的基础上,结合低温肉制品加工原理制备低温猪肉火腿肠,以感官评价为指标,探究影响产品质量的主要因素。结果表明,原料肥瘦比、肥肉预处理方式、腌制剂配方、斩拌工艺与烘烤条件是影响低温猪肉火腿肠的主要因素,产品制备的最佳工艺条件为:原料肉肥瘦比2∶8(质量比),用出肉板孔径为8 mm的绞肉机对肥肉进行初步的绞制,腌制液配料(质量分数)为食盐2. 5%,亚硝酸盐0. 003%,D-异抗坏血酸钠0. 3%,复合磷酸盐0. 5%(m(六偏磷酸钠)∶m(三聚磷酸钠)∶m(焦磷酸钠)=10∶30∶17)在4℃环境下腌制24 h,最佳斩拌条件为低速(1 000 r/min)与高速(2 000 r/min)结合斩拌330 s,肉糜灌肠后60℃烘烤30 min再蒸煮杀菌,低温保藏。该条件下制备的产品在气味、外观、组织结构、风味等方面均最佳。     

红曲霉和乳酸菌发酵低温猪肉火腿肠工艺优化及品质分析

为探究红曲霉和乳酸菌发酵工艺对低温猪肉火腿肠品质的影响,通过单因素研究红曲霉添加量、乳酸菌添加量、发酵温度对低温猪肉火腿肠理化指标、感官品质和质构的影响,以感官评分为响应值,通过Box-Behnken响应面设计优化发酵工艺。结果表明,低温猪肉火腿肠最佳发酵工艺为红曲霉添加量4.0%,乳酸菌添加量5.0%,发酵时间44 h。在此最佳发酵工艺条件下,低温猪肉火腿肠呈浅红色,口感柔和,感官评分为82.5分,pH值6.24,亚硝酸盐含量为4.9 mg/kg,且4.0%红曲霉和5.0%乳酸菌可替代84.31%亚硝酸盐对低温猪肉火腿肠进行发色。     

芦荟保健冰淇淋工艺研究

以芦荟为特色原料,合理设计配方,确定加工工艺条件,经调配制成风味独特、具有特定保健功能的芦荟冰淇淋。     

芦荟猴头菇酒的生产工艺

以猴头菇为特色原料，确定发酵工艺条件，加入芦荟原汁，经调配制成风味独特，具有保健功能的芦荟猴头菇酒。     

芦荟灵芝保健酒的加工工艺

以灵芝为特色原料,确定发酵工艺条件,配以芦荟原汁及人参浸提液,经调配制成风味独特、具有保健功能的芦荟灵芝酒。     

芦荟叶清凉保健饮品

论述了以新鲜芦荟为主要原料，以科学配方研制出天然芦荟饮料，在营养，保健、风味等方面均达到了良好效果。     

芦荟果粒果汁复合饮料的研制

以全叶芦荟汁、芦荟凝胶粒及苹果汁为原料,利用正交试验设计探讨该饮料的最佳配方和工艺条件,研制出口感柔和爽快,风味独特,具有营养保健功能的芦荟果粒果汁复合饮料。     

CONSUMER ACCEPTABILITY OF PROCESSED OSTRICH MEAT PRODUCTS

Two value-added ostrich meat product prototypes were prepared and evaluated by a consumer panel (n = 132) against similar products manufactured entirely from pork. Ostrich "ham" and a control pork ham product were prepared by a traditional ham cure, and Polish sausage products were formulated with either all-pork or a 67% ostrich/33 % pork blend and processed with a commercial spice blend. Ostrich "ham" tended to be rated lower (P = 0.0537) in salt intensity, but had higher flavor intensity ratings. Consumers gave pork ham more favorable ratings for overall acceptability (P< 0.01) and flavor acceptability (P< 0.05). For Polish sausage products, overall acceptability, flavor acceptability, flavor intensity, salt intensity, texture and tenderness were not different (P > 0.05) between all-pork and ostrich/pork varieties. Results indicate that value-added ostrich meat products were more acceptable when they were more finely ground, spiced, and combined with pork in a sausage product than when they were prepared as a "ham" product.     

猪肉火腿肠综合品质的研究

对在超市购买的3种猪肉火腿肠的理化指标、微生物指标、感官评定、质构特性、微观结构和色泽进行了研究,结果表明,3种猪肉肠的硬度、胶着性、咀嚼性、剪切力和亮度值存在显著性差异;猪肉肠A和C的弹性与猪肉肠B的弹性存在显著性差异;猪肉肠A和B的内聚性与猪肉肠C的内聚性存在显著性差异;3种猪肉肠的硬度和胶着性、咀嚼性和剪切力数值依次减小;猪肉肠A、B的理化指标和微生物指标总体相对较好,猪肉肠A的色泽最好,猪肉肠B的口感、风味和微观结构最好,两者的总体接受性相当,猪肉肠C的嫩度好。综合各指标总体评价,猪肉肠A和B的综合品质好于猪肉肠C。     

Effect of Bone Source and Storage on the Role of Mechanically Deboned Pork in Rancidity Development in a Cooked and Smoked Sausage

The chemical and physical differences found in this study between mechanically deboned pork and hand deboned pork agree with the data reported in the literature except for fatty acid analyses which suggest little difference between these two types of tissue. The type of bone (ham versus vertebrae) had no significant effect on color, flavor, odor or tenderness of the sausage product, but mechanically deboned tissue from vertebrae did not influence color, but did increase rancidity. However, the evaluation panel did not object to this flavor in this type of sausage product. Mechanically deboning tissue significantly darkened the color of the raw material and the finished product. It also decreased the tenderness desirability of the sausage. Type of antioxidant significantly improved external color, but rancid taste was not significantly affected. Color became darker, tenderness desirability decreased, and flavor and odor deteriorated with product storage.     

7S球蛋白水解物对猪肉糜凝胶的影响

以大豆为原料,提取7S球蛋白,并采用碱性蛋白酶对其进行限制性酶解,控制其水解度,得到水解度为3%、6%、9%、12%、15%的酶解产物,将酶解产物与猪肉糜混合制备猪肉肠,分析添加不同水解度的酶解产物所形成的猪肉糜凝胶的化学作用力的变化。结果表明：静电作用与猪肉糜凝胶强度相关性不显著,不是维持猪肉糜凝胶网络结构的主要作用力;疏水作用与猪肉糜凝胶的回复性和咀嚼性呈现极显著的正相关性;氢键与猪肉糜凝胶的弹性呈现极显著的正相关性,二硫键与猪肉糜凝胶的弹性、内聚性和回复性呈现显著的正相关性。提示：氢键、疏水作用、二硫键是维持猪肉糜凝胶网络结构的主要作用力。扫描电镜图谱显示：随着添加的酶解产物水解度的增大,所形成的凝胶网络结构逐渐紧密,且比较均匀,无明显的空洞,猪肉糜凝胶的网络结构得到显著改善。     

发酵剂对发酵香肠挥发性风味物质形成的作用及影响机制研究进展

发酵香肠是指将搅碎的猪肉（或牛、羊肉等）、动物脂肪、盐、糖、发酵剂和香辛料等混合后灌进肠衣,经过微生物发酵而成的香肠制品。因其具有独特的风味和较高的营养价值,深受国内外消费者的青睐。风味作为发酵香肠的重要品质属性之一,其形成与发展与发酵过程中微生物群落的代谢活动密切相关。本文对发酵香肠发酵、成熟过程中风味物质的形成和发展以及与微生物代谢相关的反应进行了概述,总结了几种主要微生物对发酵香肠风味品质形成的作用及影响机制,并对其未来研究进行展望,以期为发酵香肠风味品质的研究提供参考。     

红枣芦荟营养保健香肠的开发研究

将红枣粉和芦荟汁添加到香肠制品制成红枣芦荟营养保健香肠。利用正交试验及感观评定确定除猪肉外的主要原料的最佳配比为：红枣20％，芦荟15％、大豆蛋白4％、马铃薯淀粉8％(各原料的百分比均为占原料肉的百分比)经产品质量检验，各项指标均符合肉与肉制品国家标准。     

Volatile Substances of Chinese Traditional Jinhua Ham and Cantonese Sausage

ABSTRACT: The relationship between volatile substances and manufacturing procedures of Chinese traditional Jinhua ham and Cantonese sausage were determined. Ethanol and its alcohol esters were the major volatiles of Cantonese sausage suggesting that ethanol added to meat at the formulation stage was the most important factor for the characteristic flavor of Cantonese sausage. Small amounts of fatty acid and amino acid breakdown products were also detected in Cantonese sausage. In Jinhua ham, alkanes and alkenes were the major volatiles, but branched aldehydes and sulfur compounds were also detected. This indicated that many complicated chemical reactions occurring in Jinhua ham during ripening contribute to its characteristic flavor.     

贵式肉品中乳酸菌的选育及其对发酵里脊火腿风味品质的影响

以锦屏和榕江酸肉、凯里和遵义香肠、威宁和盘县火腿以及凯里、遵义和毕节风肉9 种贵州发酵肉为对象,对其中乳酸菌分离鉴定并进行蛋白质降解、生理生化特性、生产适应性、安全性研究。根据初筛结果选取1 株蛋白降解能力强且具有肉类发酵剂特性的乳酸菌SJ-4,接种发酵里脊火腿,以未接种火腿为对照,分析该菌株对发酵里脊火腿色泽、质构、电子舌响应值及风味的影响。结果表明：菌株SJ-4能耐受6 g/100 mL NaCl、150 mg/kg NaNO2,不产NH3、H2S、H2O2,无氨基酸脱羧酶活性,具有分解蛋白质的能力但无分解脂肪活性,最适温度37 ℃,最适pH 6.0,培养4 h进入对数生长期,培养18 h pH值可降至3.80,已达到肉类发酵剂条件。经16S rDNA测序鉴定为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）。菌株SJ-4接种对里脊火腿色泽、硬度、黏聚性均影响显著,添加该菌后有助于产品滋味形成,且关键风味物质如壬醛、3-羟基-2-丁酮等含量增加。植物乳杆菌SJ-4具有作为高活性肉制品发酵剂的潜力。     

添加木质肉的鸡肉火腿肠品质特性分析

为探究木质肉(Woody breast,WB)添加量对鸡肉火腿肠品质特性的影响及其添加的可行性,以5种不同木质肉添加量的火腿肠为研究对象,对其质构、感官、水分分布及微观结构进行检测分析。结果表明:木质肉添加量维持在50%时,火腿肠弹性、回复性、粘聚性参量最优,均达到优级火腿肠评判标准,分别为0.83、0.29、0.71,其质地、感官总评最高,分别为1.67和4.50。低场核磁显示木质肉添加量为50%时,自由水占比最低,结合水占比最高,分别为2.99%和0.78%,不易流动水基本保持不变。火腿肠微观结构随着木质肉添加量的增加由完整、清晰、分布均匀变为多孔洞、蓬松状。研究表明,将木质肉以肉糜的状态加入火腿肠具有一定可行性,且添加适量的木质肉糜对优化火腿肠品质具有一定的作用。