PVC／LLDPE共混体系形态结构的控制

采用氢化聚丁二烯－ｂ－甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＢＤ－ｂ－ＰＭＭＡ）共聚物作为聚氯乙烯／线性低密度聚乙烯（ＰＶＣ／ＬＬＤＰＥ）共混体系的增容剂，用扫描电子微镜（ＳＥＭ）和透射电子显微镜（ＴＥＭ）对共混体系的冲击缺口断面和相结构进行了研究。并用小角激光菜射技术了ＬＬＤＰＥ在共混物中的结晶行为，发现增容剂对共混体系的形态结构会产生极大的影响。     

LDPE／PS／LDPE—g—PS合金的相容性和力学性能研究

研究自制接枝共聚物ＧＲ－１，ＧＲ－Ⅱ相容剂对ＬＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混物相容性和力学性能的影响，通过ＳＥＭ，ＤＭＡ和力学性能测试表征，表明在ＬＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混中加入这些相容剂后，其相容性有一定提高，共混物结构形态呈精细分散结构。3     

LDPE／PS／LDPE－g－PS合金的相容性和力学性能研究

研究自制接枝共聚物ＧＲ－Ⅰ、ＧＲ－Ⅱ相容剂对ＬＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混物相容性和力学性能的影响。通过ＳＥＭ、ＤＭＡ和力学性能测试表征，表明在ＬＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混中加入这些相容剂后，其相容性有一定提高。共混物结构形态呈精细分散结构     

PET／HDPE共混物的形态结构及力学性能的研究

利用ＩＲ、ＳＥＭ、ＤＳＣ和力学测试等分析方法，研究了熔融接枝高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ）和界面改性剂（ＩＭ）对ＰＥＴ／ＨＤＰＥ共混物形态结构、界面偶联状况和力学性能的影响。结果在明，ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ改善了ＰＥＴ与ＨＤＰＥ的相容性，使ＨＤＰＥ较均匀地分散在ＰＥＴ基体中，但并未检测到ＰＥＴ／ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ界面有化学反应发生。界面改性剂的作用在于，一方面通过提高ＰＥＴ基体的粘度，并接近ＨＤＰＥ相的粘度而使分散相细化；另一方面通过与ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ和ＰＥＴ的偶联反应而增强了ＰＥＴ／ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡ界面粘结，从而显著地提高了共混物的抗冲击性能。     

RPS/PE反应性共混研究

用ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＧＰＣ研究了侧基含有过氧键的活性聚苯乙烯与聚乙烯之间的反频，用ＳＥＭ观察了共混物的断面形态。结果表明，ＲＰＳ／ＰＥ共混反应中生成ＰＳ－ｇ－ＰＥ，对ＰＥ／ＰＳ共混物具有增容作用，提高了共混物的力学性能。     

CPE增容PVC／SBS共混体系的研究

通过冲击试验，应力－应变试验，动态力学分析（ＤＭＡ），扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）及光学显微镜观察，研究了ＣＰＥ增容的ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ－ＳＢＳ共混物的性能与形态结构之间的关系。实验结果表明，ＣＰＥ对ＰＶＣ与ＳＢＳ共混体系有很好的增容作用，ＣＰＥ与ＳＢＳ在一定组成范围内对ＰＶＣ增韧具有协同效应，大幅度地提高共混物的抗冲击性能，尤其是对星型ＳＢＳ体系更加显著。     

尼龙1010/HDPE-g-MAH共混体系界面形态及结晶行为的研究

通过Ｍｏｌａｕ实验、密度测定、二甲苯萃取物的ＩＲ分析以及ＤＳＣ、ＳＥＭ等手段，对尼龙１０１０／ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ共混体系的界面形态和结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明，共混体系为热力学不相容体系；在熔融共混过程中，尼龙１０１０和ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ发生化学反应，生成的接枝共聚物起到了共混体系相容剂的作用，分散和界面形态明显改善；共混体系中两相的结晶行为也受到影响，尼龙组分的熔融热焓明显下降。     

离聚物对PET／LDPE共混物的结构与性能研究

用双螺杆挤出机反应性挤出的方法合成了低密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸镧（ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＬａ）离聚物。与其它方法相比，该法具有工艺简单，易于工业化生产的特点。我们将离聚物与ＰＥＴ，ＬＤＰＥ在双螺杆挤出机上熔融共混挤出，并用注射成型机制备标准样条，对共混物力学性能进行了测试，发现离聚物有显著的增韧效果，另外，通过ＩＲ，ＤＳＣ，溶解性实验，分子量的测定等还考察了离聚物对ＰＥＴ／ＬＤＰＥ共混体系的结构影响。     

EVA增容PVC／PE共混体系的研究

采用乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（ＥＶＡ）作为聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）／高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）共混物的增容剂，通过冲击实验、拉伸实验、动态力学分析和扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ），系统地研究了共混体系的性能与其形态结构之间的关系。结果表明，ＥＶＡ是ＰＶＣ／ＨＤＰＥ良好的增容剂，在一定范围内，ＥＶＡ与ＰＥ对ＰＶＣ有协同增韧效应     

HMW—HDPE与LMW—HDPE的共混改性

选用一种高分子量高密度聚乙烯（ＨＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ）和一种低分子量高密度聚乙烯（ＬＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ），对它们的共混行为和共混物的热性能、流动性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，在研究的共混比范围内，由ＤＳＣ发现双组分体系可能存在共晶相。ＨＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ／ＬＭＷ－＝ＨＤＰＥ共混体系的熔体指数基本符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ粘度加和方程：ＭＩ＝ＭＩ．ＭＩ２。在ＬＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ质量百分含量为２０％时，共混体系的拉伸     

Effect of high density polyethylene addition and testing temperature on the mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer binary blends

High density polyethylene (HDPE) was added to the polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) binary blend, and the effect of testing temperatures on the modulus of elasticity, impact behavior and corresponding fracture morphology was analyzed. Modulus of elasticity generally decreased as the EPDM content increased regardless of the testing temperatures. However, it was found that the modulus of elasticity of PP/EPDM/HDPE ternary blend increased compared to PP/EPDM binary blend when tested at –30 and –60 °C. Notched Izod impact strength changed depending on the testing temperatures, however, there was not much difference between binary and ternary blends up to 20 wt% EPDM. However, at more than 30 wt% EPDM content, ternary blends showed higher impact strength compared to binary blends. Especially, at –30 °C, brittle-ductile transition was observed between 20 and 30 wt% EPDM. Subsurface morphology was also analyzed, and the relationship between the impact strength and the stress whitening zone was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy observation of impact fractured surfaces was conducted, and overall morphology was analyzed with respect to HDPE addition and testing temperature change.     

Highly toughened polypropylene/ethylene–propylene-diene monomer/zinc dimethacrylate ternary blends prepared via peroxide-induced dynamic vulcanization

Polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–propylene-diene monomer (EPDM)/zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) blends with remarkable toughness and extensibility were successfully prepared via peroxide dynamical vulcanization. A unique structure with the EPDM particles surrounded by a transition zone containing numerous polymerized ZDMA (PZDMA) nano-particles was observed for the first time by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination, which contributed to the dramatically increase of Izod impact strength. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirmed that the possible PZDMA graft products resulted from peroxide dynamical vulcanization improved the compatibility between EPDM and PP phases. The specific morphology of the PP/EPDM/ZDMA blends indicated that ZDMA can lead to size reduction and good distribution uniformity of the crosslinked rubber particles and the increase of adhesion between PP matrix and EPDM phases during deformation. The synergic effect of the increase in the effective volume of the EPDM phase, the improved compatibility and adhesion between EPDM and PP phases and the deformation of those fine rubber particles is believed to result in the remarkable high toughness and extensibility of the PP/EPDM/ZDMA blends. Particularly for the PP/EPDM ratio of 70/30, the PP/EPDM/ZDMA (70/30/9, w/w/w) ternary blends with the Izod impact strength nearly 2 times higher than PP/EPDM (70/30, w/w) binary blends and 15–20 times higher than PP are achieved; besides, the elongation at break of PP/EPDM/ZDMA ternary blends is 4–5 times higher than that of PP/EPDM binary blends.     

PP/EPDM/CaCO_3三元共混体系的脆韧转变研究

采用扫描电镜和材料力学性能试验方法研究了ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／ＣａＣＯ３三元体系中ＣａＣＯ３的表面处理与其材料的缺口冲击韧性及产生脆韧转变现象之间的关系。实验结果及分析表明：体系中分散相颗粒周围向ＰＰ基体扩散、渗透或与之共结晶的ＥＰＤＭ部分是增韧ＰＰ的有效成分；较好的表面处理条件下，体系中加入较少量的ＥＰＤＭ即可使材料缺口冲击韧性和拉伸模量值同时达到较好水平。     

DCP用量对PP／EPDM共混物性能和形态的影响

用动态硫化法制备的PP／EPDM共混型热塑性弹性体的性能明显优于直接共混型PP／EPDM热塑性弹性体,这是由于模量低的EPDM柔性长链经化学交联后,强化对PP的增韧效果,而交联后又被扯断细化的EPDM的颗粒,改变了因EPDM相互缠结所导致的熔融粘度大,加工性能差的缺陷。制备PP／EPDM热塑性弹性体的关键是动态硫化,由于PP／EPDM共混物的动态硫化是一个融物理共混、化学引发交联和剪切细化分散为一体的复杂过程,材料的性能除决定于组成、组分性能和化学交联体系外,还强烈依赖于所采用的共混工艺方式及其条件。本章采用过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）作为硫化剂,研究了过氧化物用量对动态硫化PP（K8303）／EPDM共混物性能和形态的影响。     

采用β成核动态硫化PP/EPDM共混物增韧聚丙烯

采用β成核的动态硫化iPP/EPDM共混物即热塑性硫化胶(TPV)改性聚丙烯,并与通用增韧剂聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)增韧聚丙烯进行比较,考察了增韧体系的力学性能、热性能和相形态.结果表明,随增韧剂含量的增加,增韧体系的拉伸屈服强度和弯曲模量均有所下降,而冲击强度提高.TPV改性体系的强度、模量和...     

Effect of crosslinking on morphology and phase inversion of EPDM/PP blends

This study investigates the effect of cross-linking on morphology and phase inversion of EPDM/PP blends. Several EPDM/PP blends without and with cross-linking agent were prepared in a Haake batch mixer under constant conditions. The morphology was studied by electronic microscopy (SEM and TEM), and cross-linking was followed by EPDM gel content and swelling. The results showed that the position of the phase inversion region is essentially governed by composition, being independent of the viscosity ratio of the EPDM/PP blend. The TPVs’ morphology of the EPDM/PP blend, with 70 and 50 wt% of PP, consists of EPDM cross-linked particles dispersed in the PP matrix. For EPDM-rich composition (30 wt% of PP), the TPVs’ morphology appears to be co-continuous. Even though dynamic vulcanisation of the rubber phase always improves the dispersion of the EPDM phase, complete phase inversion (from fully dispersed PP in the EPDM matrix to EPDM fully dispersed in the PP matrix) was achieved only with low viscosity EPDM.     

FI—IR研究PP／EPDM共混物表面与本体的结晶形态

用ＦＴ－ＩＲ方法研究了ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ共混物表面与本体的结晶形态,结果表明,随着ＥＰＤＭ含的增加,９９７ｃｍ＾－１吸收峰的位置不变,但峰宽变小,测算ＰＰ的结晶度的Ａ９９８／Ａ９７２比值随着变化,从表面与本体比较来看,一是表面ＰＰ结晶状态吸收峰是在９９７．０ｃｍ＾－１,而本体系在９９７．８ｃｍ＾－１即向低波数方向移动;二是表面非结晶状态吸收峰９７２ｃｍ＾－１增加较多,这都都共混物表面与本体ＰＰ结晶度及     

Elastomer modified polypropylene–polyethylene blends as matrices for wood flour–plastic composites

Blends of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) could potentially be used as matrices for wood–plastic composites (WPCs). The mechanical performance and morphology of both the unfilled blends and wood-filled composites with various elastomers and coupling agents were investigated. Blending of the plastics resulted in either small domains of the minor phase in a matrix of major phase or a co-continuous morphology if equal amounts of HDPE and PP were added. The tensile moduli and yield properties of the blends were clearly proportional to the relative amounts of HDPE and PP in the blends. However, the nominal strain at break and the notched Izod impact energies of HDPE were greatly reduced by adding as little as 25% of the PP. Adding an ethylene–propylene–diene (EPDM) elastomer to the blends, reduced moduli and strength but increased elongational properties and impact energies, especially in HDPE-rich blends. Adding wood flour to the blends stiffened but embrittled them, especially the tougher, HDPE-rich blends, though the reductions in performance could be offset somewhat by adding elastomers and coupling agents or a combination of both.     

超高韧半晶聚合物PP多相体系的结构及脆韧转变的研究

通过严格控制工艺条件，得到了不同分散相含量和不同粒径的ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／ＨＤＰＥ和ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ共混体。利用ＳＥＭ分析了ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／ＨＤＰＥ的结构特点，通过测量Ｉｚｏｄ缺口冲击强度，得到了ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／ＨＤＰＥ的脆韧转变主曲线，证明其符合脆韧性转变规律；同时利用ＳＥＭ照片，分析了主曲线不同区域的增韧机理。     

DCP用量对PP／EPDM共混物力学性能及形态的影响

过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）能有效降解PP;当DCP用量为2‰（质量分数）时,PP／EPDM共混物的冲击强度较高。共混物的相形态结构表明,EPDM橡胶粒子均匀地分散在基体中。