魔芋葡甘聚糖-低脂质含量大豆分离蛋白共混凝胶特性的研究

以脱脂豆粕为原料,制备低脂质含量大豆分离蛋白(LRSP),并与魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)按照不同配比配制质量分数10%的KGM-LRSP共混溶胶,测定并分析KGM-LRSP共混溶胶的流变性质和凝胶质构特性。结果表明:KGM-LRSP共混溶胶呈假塑性流体,其黏度随KGM量的增大而增大;不同配比的KGM-LRSP共混溶胶储存模量G'≥损失模量G″,表明KGM与LRSP形成了三维交联的网状结构,具有良好的凝胶性能;同单一KGM、LRSP凝胶相比,KGM与LRSP具有协同增效作用,KGM-LRSP共混凝胶质构特性较为适中。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖与大豆分离蛋白复合凝胶作用研究

以魔芋葡甘聚糖(KG)与大豆分离蛋白(SPI)作为基材,系统研究两者间的复合凝胶作用保持SPI为2.0％,复合凝胶随KG浓度从0.8％增至2.5％,凝胶强度不断上升;凝胶失水率直线下降;凝胶松弛度也逐渐下降;而粘着性则在KG浓度为1.5％时达最大值。在SPI为0—3.0％范围内,随SPI的增加,复合凝胶粘着性和失水率皆逐渐上升;在6.0％范围内,凝胶松弛度变化较小,此后迅速上升;而凝胶强度则随SPI增加光增强,当SPI为2.0％时达最大值,此后逐渐下降。KG的添加,对复合凝胶颜色无明显影响,凝胶保持浅黄色;而随SPI的添加,凝胶则逐渐由乳白色转为浅黄色、黄色,当SPI>3.0％后,凝胶褐色逐渐加深。根据氯化钠和脲对复合凝胶强度的影响,推断复合凝胶中以氢键作用为主。     

大豆分离蛋白-魔芋葡甘聚糖共混溶胶的制备及乳化特性研究

为改善蛋白质-多糖混合物的乳化性及乳化稳定性,以大豆分离蛋白(SPI)和魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)为研究对象,研究共混溶胶制备过程中SPI与KGM配比、总浓度、KCl浓度、pH值、温度对共混溶胶乳化性及乳化稳定性的影响。在总质量分数为0.5%、SPI与KGM配比为7∶3的基础上,以乳化性为指标,用响应面法对KCl浓度、pH值、温度进行优化。试验结果表明,3个因素对共混溶胶乳化特性均有显著影响,其最佳工艺参数为:温度53.98℃,pH值8.12,KCl添加量为0.02mol/L。按实际生产可将各因素固定在:温度54℃,pH值为8,KCl添加量为0.02mol/L,测得SPI-KGM共混溶胶的乳化性为2.193,与理论值2.197相近。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖与大豆分离蛋白共混形成凝胶过程中的相互作用力研究

为研究魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)与大豆分离蛋白(SPI)在水和碱性促凝剂存在条件下的相互作用力,采用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和化学方法等手段进行分析。结果表明:在KGM-SPI共混凝胶形成过程中氢键为主要的分子作用力,其次为较弱的静电作用。碱性凝固剂的加入可使凝胶的韧弹性更好,氢键作用更强。此外,交互作用的强弱还与KGM和SPI的含量及配比密切相关。魔芋葡甘聚糖与大豆分离蛋白分子间可依靠多点氢键作用形成热不可逆性凝胶。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖与低酰基结冷胶共混溶液的性质研究

本文以魔芋葡甘聚糖和低酰基结冷胶为研究对象,研究了魔芋葡甘聚糖与低酰基结冷胶共混溶液的流变性、热稳定性及结晶行为。采用同步辐射X-射线衍射分析晶态变化,流变仪分析溶胶在45℃和25℃下的频率依赖性和5~80℃温度范围内的温度依赖性,差示扫描量热分析法测定溶胶热稳定性变化。发现魔芋葡甘聚糖/低酰基结冷胶的同步辐射X-射线衍射图样弧形层线比低酰基结冷胶的少且模糊,没有观察到径向反射线,加入魔芋葡甘聚糖后,低酰基结冷胶的晶体结构被破坏;与低酰基结冷胶相比较,魔芋葡甘聚糖/低酰基结冷胶共混体系的储能模量G'降低,更趋于流体,对频率稳定性降低,对温度的稳定性提高;微波处理会加剧魔芋葡甘聚糖对低酰基结冷胶的影响,降低热稳定性。结果表明,魔芋葡甘聚糖不利于低酰基结冷胶凝胶网络及晶体结构形成。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖与琼脂共混溶胶的剪切流变特性研究

利用流变仪研究了不同质量浓度、溶胀时间和温度条件下魔芋葡甘聚糖/琼脂(KGM/Agar)共混体系的剪切流变特性。结果表明:KGM/Agar共混体系随着质量浓度增大,黏稠系数k增大;随着加热时间延长,黏稠系数k增大;而温度在30~60℃范围内,黏稠系数k随着温度升高先增大再减小然后再增大,呈现波浪式。从黏稠系数和流动指数结果表明,其混合胶的最佳工艺为:KGM/Agar共混胶的质量浓度1.2%,溶胀温度40℃,溶胀时间120 min。魔芋葡甘聚糖/琼脂(KGM/Agar)共混体系流变特性服从幂律方程,通过进一步对黏稠系数k和流动指数n随浓度、时间和温度的变化趋势进行拟合,其关系曲线分别用指数函数和多项式曲线拟合,以期为KGM/Agar的应用和质量评价提供指导。      

魔芋葡甘聚糖/威兰胶体系流变性能研究

本文主要对魔芋葡甘聚糖/威兰胶(KGM/WG)共混体系的流变性能进行了研究,结果表明:不管是单一多糖还是KGM/WG共混体系,黏度均随剪切速率的增加而逐渐下降,呈现为假塑性流体;KGM/WG共混体系表现出很强的浓度依赖性,浓度越高,黏度越高;相比于单一KGM,添加一定量的WG,共混体系的流变性能和热稳定性能明显提高;KW8共混体系多糖分子间存在较强的作用力,流变性能最佳。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖与瓜尔豆胶共混膜材料研究

魔芋葡甘聚糖与瓜尔豆胶共混后成膜,当魔芋胶与瓜尔豆胶共混浓度为1%,共混比例为60:40时,共混膜性能最佳。与未共混膜相比,共混膜的强度、抗水性、耐洗刷性、透明度、感官性能等各项性能显著提高。用红外光谱、X-射线和扫描电镜分析了膜的结构,阐明了结构和功能的关系,并对葡萄作了常温涂膜保鲜实验。结果表明,共混膜对果蔬有一定保鲜作用。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖与瓜尔豆胶共混膜材料研究

魔芋葡甘聚糖与瓜尔豆胶共混后成膜,当魔芋胶与瓜尔豆胶共混浓度为1%,共混比例为60:40时,共混膜性能最佳。与未共混膜相比,共混膜的强度、抗水性、耐洗刷性、透明度、感官性能等各项性能显著提高。用红外光谱、X-射线和扫描电镜分析了膜的结构,阐明了结构和功能的关系,并对葡萄作了常温涂膜保鲜实验。结果表明,共混膜对果蔬有一定保鲜作用。      

魔芋葡甘聚糖物理共混研究新进展

综述了魔芋葡甘聚糖的理化特性、物理共混方面的研究成果，指出了尚待研究的方向。     

魔芋葡苷聚糖及其与大豆分离蛋白凝胶化作用的DSC研究

利用DSC研究了魔芋葡苷聚糖、大豆分离蛋白及两者的混合物凝胶在升、降温过程中的热效应变化。结果表明,在升温过程中,单独的魔芋葡苷聚糖(15％)在水溶液中或加入弱碱或强碱性凝固剂后所形成的凝胶均表现出放热效应;而单独的大豆分离蛋白水溶液(15％)所形成的凝胶没有产生热效应,但加入0.1mol／L的NaoH后却产生了明显的放热效应。对于魔芋葡苷聚糖与大豆分离蛋白所形成的混合凝胶,在碱性条件下,随魔芋葡苷聚糖含量的增加其放热温度升高,但大豆分离蛋白含量较高的凝胶,在高于85℃处有较强的放热效应;而在弱碱(0.1mol／L的Na2CO3)条件下,KGM(≥13％)含量较高的凝胶产生放热效应,其它凝胶基本没有热效应产生。实验还表明,所有的凝胶样品在降温过程中基本没有出现吸热和放热峰,表明所形成的凝胶为热不可逆凝胶。     

大豆分离蛋白凝胶性影响因素研究

大豆分离蛋白具有良好凝胶性,因而在食品中有广泛应用。该实验对影响大豆分离蛋白热致凝胶和盐致凝胶外部因素进行研究,研究表明,大豆分离蛋白凝胶性能与蛋白质浓度、加热温度、加热时间、pH值、CaCl_2浓度等因素密切相关。     

改性对大豆分离蛋白凝胶性的影响

介绍了物理改性、化学改性、酶改性、基因工程改性等改性方法对大豆分离蛋白凝胶性的影响,并对此方面的研究趋势进行了预测.     

Rheological study of layer cake batters made with soybean protein isolate and different starch sources

The study of new gluten-free foods suitable for celiac people is necessary since people allergic to wheat proteins are more and more frequent. This study examined the effect of using different starch sources (rice, corn, potato and wheat) and protein types (soy protein isolate, wheat protein) at different percentages (0%, 10%, 20%), on the rheological properties of batters (flow, viscoelastic and stickiness behaviour) and on batter density and cake volume. The highest consistency, viscous and elastic moduli, and adhesive force corresponded to batters made of rice starch and soy protein isolate, which showed the most similar rheological behaviour to wheat flour batters. The batters obtained showed adequate characteristics in processing and in achieving high quality products. However, the percentages of starches and proteins should be experimentally optimized in each case.     

The mechanism of sodium hydroxide solution promoting the gelation of Konjac glucomannan (KGM)

The intrinsic viscosity [η] and the theoretical critical concentration c* of Konjac glucomannan (KGM) solution were 18.91 dL/g and 0.053 wt% respectively in distilled water. However, the values of [η] and c* became to 11.55 dL/g and 0.086 wt% in sodium hydroxide solution (0.25 mol/L), moreover, the transition from KGM sol to gel even occurred at 0.5 wt% over 55 °C, furthermore, the morphology structure of KGM was thicker than that in distilled water as observed in SEM. It suggested that the sodium hydroxide solution would restrain the expansion of the molecular chain and promoted the gelation of KGM, which might be due to the obvious effects of deacetylation, self-aggregation, entanglement, local and continuous gel network structure.     

Interaction mechanism between soybean protein isolate and citrus pectin

In this study, citrus pectin (CP) and soybean protein isolate (SPI) were used as raw materials to prepare a complex. The interaction mechanism and structural changes between SPI and CP were deeply studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The results show that CP has a strong quenching effect on SPI's endogenous fluorescence, and with the addition of CP, the endogenous fluorescence intensity of SPI decreased from 13,565.2 to 6067.3. The CP quenching of SPI is static quenching, and the number of combined bits is 1.26. The results of three-dimensional fluorescence spectra showed that the addition of CP reduced the polarity of SPI amino acid residue microenvironment and changed the protein structure. Hydrophobic interaction exists between CP and SPI. The results of three-dimensional fluorescence spectra showed that the addition of CP reduced the polarity of the amino acid residue microenvironment of SPI and changed the protein structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that CP could change the secondary structure of SPI by decreasing the α-helix and β-sheet, increasing β-rotation and irregular curl, destroying the ordered structure of SPI and increasing the polarity of the amino acids exposed to the solution. The microstructure analysis shows that SPI–CP composite system has honeycomb structure and dense pores. From the perspective of reaction thermodynamics, it was found that the addition of CP could improve the thermal stability of SPI and increase the denaturation temperature of SPI from 119.73 to 132.97°C. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of protein–pectin complexes and provides reference for their application in food grade gels and Pickering emulsions.     

pH值对大豆分离蛋白与壳聚糖复合包装材料性能的影响

研究pH值对大豆分离蛋白和壳聚糖复合包装材料性能的影响。对复合包装材料的力学性能、光学性能和阻隔性能进行系统评估。研究表明降低复合材料溶液的pH值将提高其抗拉强度,降低其断裂伸展率、水蒸气透过率和氧气透过率,对其宏观色泽没有显著影响;FT-IR分析表明维持包装材料主要作用力为氢键和静电作用。