Retrofitting the operating coal-fired TP-87 and BKZ-320 boilers for vortex fuel combustion technology

Scientific and technical problems concerned with retrofitting the TP-87 boiler installed at the Novokemerovo cogeneration station and operating on Grade 2SS Kuznetsk coal and the BKZ-320 boiler installed at the Novosibirsk TETs-3 cogeneration station and operating on Berezovo coal from the Kansk-Achinsk coal field for vortex combustion technology are addressed. A conclusion is drawn that low-cost retrofitting of obsolete boilers at thermal power stations with retaining the existing boiler unit infrastructure is presently the most reasonable strategy of their further use.     

Studying the possibility of shifting the TP-92 boilers at the yaiva district power station for firing off-design kinds of coal

Results from calculated studies of the TP-92 boiler are presented, which have demonstrated that the boiler can be shifted for firing off-design coals while retaining the design parameters of steam and ensuring reliable operation of the boiler unit as a whole.     

Studying the possibility and feasibility of shifting BKZ-420-140-NGM boilers for firing fuel in oxygen

Results from calculation studies of a BKZ-420-140-NGM boiler are presented, which showed the possibility of shifting it for firing natural gas in oxygen while retaining the design parameters of steam and ensuring reliable operation. Economic feasibility of making such a shift is estimated.     

四角切圆超临界直流锅炉等离子点火技术应用

简述等离子点火技术基本原理和系统组成,介绍了田集发电厂锅炉等离子装置的设计方案和系统配置,以及根据等离子点火装置的常见故障制订的运行维护技术措施,阐述了等离子点火系统的优缺点。     

燃用无烟煤锅炉改烧烟煤的实践

采用烟煤型布置、取消卫燃带以及热一次风加热器技术等对某电厂2×135 MW机组燃用无烟煤锅炉进行了改烧烟煤的改造,改造后在燃用以神华煤为主的烟煤时,锅炉的飞灰可燃物含量由原来的7％～10％降低到1％以下,锅炉排烟温度降低了20 ℃以上,锅炉热效率提高了3.0％以上,机组的供电煤耗降低了10 g/(kW·h)以上.而且,炉内结渣程度可控,制粉系统和送粉系统运行安全可靠,改造达到了预期效果.     

Optimization of the operating conditions of fuel oil combustion in the furnaces of large-capacity boilers

We describe a proposed small-size cavitator having an adjustable flow cross-section, which allows the dispersion of water-fuel oil emulsion to be varied during the operation of large-capacity boilers. It is shown that the operating conditions of the boiler must be synchronized with those of the cavitator if we wish the problem of reducing the amount of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere during the combustion of fuel oil to be solved in a comprehensive manner.     

Ways of solving environmental problems while transferring the boilers for burning water-bitumen mixture instead of fuel oil

Information concerning a new kind (for Russia) of liquid fuel, i.e., water-bitumen mixture (orimulsion), is presented. The application of the new fuel instead of the fuel oil at a boiler of a power unit of 350-MW capacity makes it possible to decrease sufficiently the expenditures for fuel while keeping the main environmental indices.     

Coal to natural gas seasonal fuel switching: an option for acidrain control

An investigation is conducted of seasonal fuel-switching as a means to control SO₂ emissions. There is evidence that strategic control of emissions results in environmental improvements at a lower overall cost. The Electric Generation Expansion Analysis System (EGEAS) was used as the primary analytical tool for the study. The economics of gas substitution versus flue gas desulfurization technology was studied under a variety of economic conditions, taking into account initial capital investment, variable operating and maintenance costs, retrofit costs, pipelining costs, and a number of other factors. Natural gas substitution was found to be an economical means of efficient energy production combining low cost and significant emission reduction under a variety of conditions     

天然气燃料电池中双层阳极Ni-SDC的性能

采用干压方法制备双层阳极支撑的以BCY20(BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-δ)为电解质的固体氧化物燃料电池.双层阳极的质量分数分别为60% NiO 40% SDC(Ce0.7Sm0.2O2-δ)和30% NiO 70% SDC.阴极采用质量分数分别为85% LSCF(La0.9Sr0.1Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ) 15% GDC(Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ)复合阴极.在400～600 ℃的范围内,用天然气为燃料气,氧气为氧化气,50℃为间隔,测试并比较了该电池与单层阳极支撑电池(阳极质量分数为50% NiO 50% SDC、阴极为85%LSCF 15% GDC复合阴极、电解质为BCY20)的性能.用扫描电镜(SEM)分别分析单电池阳极、阴极及电解质的型貌.实验表明:电池具有良好的微结构,在测试条件下双层阳极支撑电池具有更优的性能.600 ℃测得电池最大比功率为55 mW/cm2,电流密度为253 mA/cm2.     

锅炉正常运行时启停磨煤机不投油试验研究

针对北仑发电厂2号锅炉正常运行时启停磨煤机需投油造成电厂助燃用油消耗大的问题,提出了锅炉正常运行时不投油启停磨煤机的设想.经过不同的磨煤机运行组合下炉膛温度的测量,以及不同炉膛温度下煤粉气流温升的理论计算,进行了不同磨煤机运行组合工况下的磨煤机启停试验,实现了在不投油条件下4台磨煤机运行时启动第5台磨煤机和5台磨煤机运行时停运1台磨煤机.减少了电厂的助燃用油.     

Studying the removal of nitrogen oxides from boiler flue gases in firing natural gas

Basic statements relating to the mechanism through which nitrogen oxides are oxidized and absorbed in the course of purifying flue gases using a new comprehensive method are presented together with versions used for implementing the purification process. The results obtained from tests of a pilot commercial installation are given, and its performance indicators are estimated.     

Tests of a cyclone reactor for firing high-ash fuel

The design of a new furnace device called a cyclone reactor is described, and the results from experiments on studying the processes through which ground fuel mixture is combusted in it are presented. The temperature profiles in the reactor volume are shown, and the results from an analysis of ash residue remaining after combustion of a wood-coal mixture are presented. It is pointed out that unlike combustion of coal, the firing of a wood-coal mixture entails formation of not only fine ash, but also slag.     

The improvement of the effectiveness of using natural gas in hot-water boilers by means of condensing economizers

The paper describes the results of the study of the mathematical model of a condensing economizer (CE) interacting with the technological parameter of the particular district heating station. This model has been developed by the authors. It is shown that the CE, due to condensation of water vapor and augmentation of convective heat exchange between products of natural gas combustion, makes it possible to save up to 8% of fuel.     

Improving the reliability of the furnace and gas conduits of a Babcock-Wilcox boiler during the firing of natural gas in bottom slot burners

The influence of a gas flame arrangement method on the reliability of furnace bottom and burners is considered. Possibilities for reducing temperature nonuniformity of the flame, improving the reliability of partitions in the boiler gas conduits, and reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the combustion products are indicated and measures for implementing them are outlined.     

亚临界自然循环燃煤锅炉启动系统的改造

介绍了宁夏马莲台发电厂1号炉气化微油点火技术改造的过程。对燃油系统、压缩空气系统等进行了详细分析。     

Changeover to low-temperature combustion of fuel in the boilers at cogeneration stations in Bishkek

Proposals for adapting the equipment of cogeneration stations to a new kind of fuel differing from the design one are given, and recommendations are suggested on using multifunctional burners making possible to conduct a low-temperature slagging-free furnace process.     

高炉煤气锅炉热效率计算方法

对于高炉煤气锅炉,由于其特有的燃料性质以及由此带来的锅炉尾部受热面的不同设置方式,使得其锅炉效热率的计算和修正有别于传统方法。在GB 10184—1988《电站锅炉性能试验规程》的基础上,结合高炉煤气的特性和锅炉尾部受热面的设置特点,分析得到了适用于高炉煤气锅炉的热效率计算和修正方法,并以某钢铁厂220 t/h全烧高炉煤气锅炉为研究对象进行实例分析,其结果可为该类锅炉的效率测试和计算提供参考。     

CFB锅炉掺烧生物质技术及气力输送系统方案

概述了生物质能利用现状及在燃煤电厂掺烧的应用前景.对CFB锅炉掺烧生物质的制备及输送方案作了初步探讨,结合实例提出了具体的气力输送系统方案和设备选型方案.     

螺旋肋片管省煤器在降低锅炉排烟温度中的应用

针对某公司热电厂2号锅炉排烟温度过高的问题,以锅炉综合测试和热力计算结果为依据,分析了造成排烟温度过高的原因,提出了采用螺旋肋片管式省煤器以增加尾部受热面的方案。改造后的运行实践表明,锅炉在满负荷运转时排烟温度平均可降低40℃以上,热效率可提高2．27个百分点。     

燃煤锅炉的选择性催化还原烟气脱硝技术

燃煤电厂不仅要控制SO2的排放,而且要控制NOx的排放,否则NOx必将成为电力行业的第一大酸性气体污染排放物。为此,介绍了燃烧后烟气脱硝技术——选择性催化还原（SCR）脱硝技术,并就其化学反应机理、工艺流程、系统的主要设备、影响SCR脱硝效率的主要因素、脱硝装置对锅炉的影响和国内外SCR脱硝的应用情况进行了详细阐述,预测了SCR脱硝技术的未来应用。