Optional forward contracts for electric power markets

This paper extends the idea of callable forward contracts, which are potentially useful as demand-side (interruptible-load) contracts, to their supply-side analogues. Together, these contracts allow market participants to take advantage of flexibility in generation or consumption to obtain a monetary benefit, while simultaneously removing the risk of market price fluctuations. This paper also considers the effects of strategic behavior on the part of market participants in their contract sales/purchase decisions     

Application of mechanism design to electric power markets

As competition is introduced across the electric power industry around the world, market design for the industry is urgently needed to shape its future structure and performance. When generator companies compete with one another in a deregulated market, they may not be willing to share the information needed to perform an economic dispatch of the generation. Using game theory, this paper designs a new mechanism that achieves efficiency (economic dispatch) in spite of this information problem. In this mechanism, when each company acts in the best of its own interests, the outcome is efficient. The paper demonstrates the merits of the mechanism by simulations including the IEEE 14-bus case     

全球光伏产业的加速发展

伴随着经济的发展、人们环保意识的提高，寻找新能源成为当前面临的迫切课题。新能源具有蕴藏丰富不会枯竭，安全、干净，环境友好性强等特点。由于太阳能发电干净，无公害，因此被公认为最理想的新能源，从德国、埃及、美国韩国等国家太阳能发电来看，光伏产业的发展相当迅猛，而这与这些国家的积极扶持的政策是分不开的，当然，最根本的还在能源安全，保护环境的迫切需要以及开发的成本逐渐降低等原因。     

Why capacity markets are the Fitbits of the electric utility industry

Expanding upon the findings of the 2017 General Accounting Office Review identifying the failure of FERC to develop methodologies to determine the efficacy of RTO electric capacity markets, this article explains in detail why it is likely that capacity markets structured only for the sale of bare megawatts to load-serving utilities through an auction capacity are as lacking as Fitbits are in providing a rounded picture of their users’ health. As currently constituted, capacity markets can never capture all relevant attributes that determine the types of generating resources constructed nor fully reconcile federal and state policies that concurrently affect development of generation.     

Sulfur hexafluoride and the electric power industry

The use of gas-insulated electrical equipment has a demonstrated value for society. The problems relating to SF₆ are not without solution and can lead to new opportunities. To this end, besides the current efforts to curtail the releases of SF₆ into the environment, a comprehensive and focused program is needed to develop alternative gaseous insulators and alternative high-voltage technologies     

Gaming and price spikes in electric power markets

Many challenging issues arise under the newly deregulated competitive electric power markets. Instead of centralized decision-making in a vertically integrated environment as in the past, decision-making is now decentralized and driven by market forces. Gaming and price spikes have been observed in almost every electricity market but explicit analysis of these phenomena is rare. In this paper, the authors study historical bidding behavior to see how power suppliers and demand service providers were actually bidding in the California day-ahead energy market. Based on their observations, they formulate a Prisoner's dilemma matrix game and introduce the notion of “opportunistic tacit collision” to explain strategic bidding behaviors in which suppliers withhold generation capacity from the market to drive up prices. This explanation is applicable with or without market power, transmission constraints, and insufficient supply, and is only enhanced by these factors. Their analysis is generally applicable to any uniform price electricity market in which there is significant insensitivity to price on the demand side     

电力行业的历史性机遇--电力行业供需快速增长,投资力度加大,市场化进程加快

电力行业现在以及未来业绩成长的根本支撑是国民经济高速发展对能源形成的巨大供需缺口.2002年电力行业全年发电量达到16400亿千瓦时,同比增长10.96%,用电量增长10.3%.     

发电行业的节能与节电

电力行业由于自身特点,总体能效的提高涉及生产、供应和使用各个方面。发电侧在完成能源转换的同时,也是自身消耗能源较大的行业,需求侧管理的开展对发电侧能效的提高也有积极的影响。简要介绍了我国发电行业节能节电的成绩,提出了主要目标和技术政策建议。     

电力产业政策的制定及对电力设备制造行业的影响

在国家的高度重视和大力支持下,经过电力行业和设备制造行业的团结协作、共同奋斗,2004年我国 发电设备容量已达到4.4亿千瓦。从电力工业快速发展的实践来看,电力行业与电力设备制造行业之间存 在着紧密的联系,两者之间相互促进又相互制约。制定和实施"十一五"期间电力工业发展产业政策(以 下简称电力产业政策),必将对电力设备制造行业产生全面的、深远的重大影响。     

Purchase allocation and demand bidding in electric power markets

The purchase allocation problem is one of the most important problems faced by an electric energy service provider under new market environments. The optimal purchase allocation problem for dual electric power markets and demand bid generation are discussed in this paper. The price volatility is explicitly considered in purchase allocation problems and the sequential nature is modeled by conditional stochastic characteristics. An analytical solution for the optimal allocation is derived with given demand and statistical characteristics of the market prices. The method for generating demand bids for purchaser based on market allocation and price forecasting is then developed. The numerical simulations for market allocation and bid generation are demonstrated based on the actual data of the U.S. California power market.     

Strategic prospects of the electric power industry of Russia

The prospects for the development of the electric power industry of Russia adopted at a regular stage of working out the Energy Strategy and the General Plan of Distribution of the Electric Power Facilities are discussed. The monitoring of the progress in the implementation of the Energy Strategies for the periods until 2020 and 2030 adopted in 2003 and 2009 has, in general, validated the correctness of the estimated volumes of the energy resource production under overestimation of the expected domestic demand owing to an excessively optimistic forecast of the real development of the economy. The priority lines of the national energy policy in electric power and allied industries proposed in the Energy Strategy for the period until 2035 are considered. The tools for implementation of most of the proposals and the effectiveness of their implementation have yet to be defined more concretely. The development of the energy sector and the electric power industry under the conservative and optimistic scenarios of the development of the country’s economy has been predicted using the SCANER modeling and information system, viz., the dynamics of the domestic consumption, export, and production of the primary energy and the electric power has been determined and the commissioning and structure of the required generating capacities and the consumption of the basic types of the energy resources by the electric power industry and the centralized heat supply systems has been optimized. Changes in the economic efficiency of the nuclear and thermal power plants under the expected improvements on their cost and performance characteristics and an increase in the domestic fuel prices are presented. The competitiveness of the wind and solar power production under Russian conditions has been evaluated considering the necessity of reservation and partial duplication of their capacities when operated in the power supply systems. When optimizing the electric power industry as a subsystem of the country’s energy sector, the required amounts of capital investments in the industry have been assessed. Based on the obtained data and the predicted prices of fuel in the main pricing zones of Russia, the ranges of changes in the prices of the electric power in agreement with the macroeconomic restrictions on their dynamics have been calculated.     

fiber optic sensing applications in the electric power industry

Fiber optic telecommunications is a well-established discipline which finds applications in all industrial areas for signaling and control. However, fiber optics for intrinsic sensing of fluid levels, gas presence, temperature, pressure, or rotation, is rapidly being applied to the medical, petrochemical, and marine professions. Not to be overlooked are several new fiber optic sensing techniques which are now capable of accurately measuring electric current, voltage levels, and even breaker status. By monitoring such parameters, the power industry can take full advantage of the benefits of fiber optics, especially in high electromagnetic field environments. This paper surveys those techniques and experiences with fiber optic sensing applicable to today's power industry.     

印度电力市场化改革概况

概述了印度电力工业的发展状况和改革历程,并以《2003电力法案》为时间界线,阐述了印度电力工业改革的整体方案,介绍了印度电力工业的交易模式,包括市场准入规则、邦间电力交易和电力监管情况等.     

电力工业的非参数随机前沿面分析

随机前沿面模型是评价决策单元投入产出效率的重要方法之一,但模型中参数的求解和误差项的分解比较困难,寻求简洁有效算法是研究的重点。对随机前沿面模型构造过程中误差项的处理进行了研究,采用非参数方法对随机前沿面模型的误差项进行处理,然后利用最小二乘法进行回归分析并建立随机前沿面模型,有效地解决了随机前沿面模型中误差项分解和计算的困难。电力工业的实证研究表明,基于非参数处理的随机前沿面模型给出了具体函数形式,模型求解变得直观和容易,而且效率评价值靠前的企业是那些成功建立现代企业制度的企业,说明了方法的合理性。     

中国电力通信必须适应电力市场发展的需要--兼谈信息通信产业与电力工业的相互依存性及相关技术

论述信息通信产业与现代电力工业的相互依存性和相关性。指出信息通信技术是电力工业现代化的重要技术基础；现代信息产业又要求电力工业提供可靠性更高、动态质量更优的电能。强调在电力工业管理体制和实现电力市场化的改革中，信息通信技术对电网安全更具重要现实意义。对涉及电力系统安全的通信网也应实行“统一调度、分级管理”的原则，防止“厂网分开，通信网分裂”局面的出现。提出在21世纪，委做好电力调度和电力系统自动化工作，确保现代电网的安全可靠运行，必须建设一个统一的、宽带的、综合的电力通信业务平台；从事于电力系统调度运行、电力系统自动化和电力系统信息通信的专业人员也必须掌握电力市场和信息通信的相关理论和技术。     

电力设备行业运行情况及市场机遇

电力设备上半年业绩 据统计数据显示,2008年前5个月电力设备行业的销售收入同比增长29.05％,利润总额同比增长达到33.63％,继续保持快速增长态势。主要子行业中输配电及控制设备制造业情况最好,实现收入同比增长30.84％,利润总额同比增长50.73％的好成绩,而电机及锅炉等发电设备的增速减缓。     

Coordinating fuel inventory and electric power generation underuncertainty

The authors discuss the problem of hedging between the natural gas and electric power markets. Based on multiple forecasts for natural gas prices, natural gas demand, and electricity prices, a stochastic optimization model advises a decision maker on when to buy or sell natural gas and when to transform gas into electricity. For relatively small models, branch-and-bound solves the problem to optimality. Larger models are solved using Benders decomposition and Lagrangian relaxation. They apply their approach to the system of an electric utility and succeed in solving problems with 50000 binary variables in less than 4 min to within 1.16% of the optimal value     

我国电力工业发展思路及电气装备特征

一我国电力工业发展现状1.1电源结构状况(以2005年为基数)(1)火电:3.89亿kW,占75.5%(美国占52%);(2)水电:1.15亿kW,占22.3%(美国占8%);(3)核电:1000万kW,占2%(美国占21%);(4)新能源:130万kW,占0.2%(美国占1%)。1.2电网建设状况220kV以上输电线路约25万km,(1)变电容量:8.7亿kVA;     

Coordinating fuel inventory and electric power generation underuncertainty

We discuss the problem of hedging between the natural gas and electric power markets. Based on multiple forecasts for natural gas prices, natural gas demand, and electricity prices, a stochastic optimization model advises a decision maker on when to buy or sell natural gas and when to transform gas into electricity. For relatively small models, branch-and-bound solves the problem to optimality. Larger models are solved using Benders decomposition and Lagrangian relaxation. We apply our approach to the system of an electric utility and succeed in solving problems with 50000 binary variables in less than 4 minutes to within 1.16% of the optimal value     

分散发电电力质量的国际标准

有人建议分散发电应用一组参数来表示其特征 ,该项参数表示最大连续功率 ,无功功率 ,闪变及谐波等 ,并应用它们来预计对电压质量的影响。本文的根据是说明风力发电机组电力质量要求的 IEC6 1 4 0 0 -2 1 ,作者建议相似的内容可以用于其他分散发电技术