催化裂化汽油预加氢技术及预加氢催化剂的工业应用

利用哈尔滨石化公司半再生重整装置预加氢单元开展预加氢催化剂工业应用试验,对具有中国石油自主知识产权的催化汽油预加氢技术和预加氢催化剂进行评价。为股份公司炼化企业的国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ汽油质量升级提供技术支持。结果表明,产品辛烷值不损失,轻汽油硫醇硫含量≤5μg/g,二烯烃值〈0.5 g I/100 g。     

催化汽油加氢精制加氢异构化工艺

为了降低催化汽油中的烯烃含量、硫含量，进行了催化汽油加氢精制加氢异构化的研究。结果表明．采用KT加氢异构化催化剂，通过加氢精制加氢异构化反应，液体产品收率在99％以上，脱硫率在80％以上，汽油的硫含量降到了50μg/g以下，汽油烯烃含量降低了7．25％，辛烷值损失0．8。     

FCC汽油加氢脱硫过程的热力学分析

建立了模拟FCC汽油加氢脱硫反应的化学平衡模型。该模型含有21个组分和12个独立的化学反应。利用基团贡献法估算了各组分的热力学数据,并进而获得了各反应的化学平衡常数。用改进的牛顿迭代法得到了不同温度、压力、进料H2／Oil比条件下的体系平衡组成并考察了反应条件对体系平衡组成的影响。热力学分析结果表明,高温、低压和低H2／Oil比在一定程度上可以降低烯烃饱和的趋势;低温、高H2／Oil比则有利于抑制硫醇的生成。模拟结果可为选择FCC汽油加氢脱硫过程的工艺条件提供参考。     

Study on Commercial Application of FCC with Auxiliary Gasoline Reactor for Improving FCC Naphtha Quality

This article introduces the commercial application of FCC technology equipped with a gasoline auxiliary reactor in the RFCC unit at PetroChina Harbin Petrochemical Branch Company. Test results have shown the excellent outcome for commercial application of the gasoline upgrading in the auxiliary reactor to reduce the olefin content in FCC naphtha. Application of this technology can reduce the olefin content in FCC naphtha to less than 35 v%. Adjustment of the FCC operation towards more severe conditions can further reduce the olefin content in FCC naphtha to less than 20 v%, so that the FCC naphtha can meet the current standard or meet more stringent specification requirements in the future to achieve compelling economic and social benefits.     

制备因素对催化裂化汽油加氢脱硫催化剂性能的影响

针对催化裂化汽油脱硫技术要求,介绍了一种以共沉淀法制备的载体负载Co、Mo活性金属组分的催化汽油加氢脱硫催化剂,考察了载体Mg／Al原子比、焙烧温度、活性金属含量对催化剂活性及选择性的影响,并对本研究的催化剂进行了1000h的稳定性试验。实验结果表明,采用Mg／Al=X 0、5、焙烧温度(y 200)℃所制备的载体,在其活性金属MoO3含量8％、CoO含量2.0％时,催化剂具有适宜的酸性中心数和最佳的脱硫选择性;本研究催化剂在1000h的试验运转过程中,具有较高的脱硫率和较低的烯烃饱和率,其活性稳定性良好。     

操作参数对FCC汽油烯烃度的影响

在XTL-5小型提升管催化裂化试验装置上,考察了操作条件对汽油烯烃度的影响。在此基础上,分别构造了两个表示烯烃含量大小和氢转移反应强弱的参数——烯烃度和氢转移指数。还探讨了反应温度和剂油比等操作条件对FCC汽油烯烃度的影响规律及机理。     

催化裂化汽油腐蚀不合格的原因

通过酸、碱、水洗试验分析，博士试验分析，汞洗试验分析，卤素、氮、硫含量分析及腐蚀钢片表面俄歇电子能谱分析，证实了广州石化总厂催化裂化汽油腐蚀属于硫化腐蚀，造成腐蚀的物质主要是存在于汽油中的微量活性流。     

催化裂化汽油腐蚀不合格的处理方法

针对广州石油化工总厂催化裂化汽油腐蚀不合格原因，进行了一些处理方法的研究，并开发出ＣＩ－１汽油抗腐蚀添加剂，解决了催化裂化汽油腐蚀不合格的问题。该剂使用简单易行、成本低、效果好。     

红外光谱法测定(乙醇)醚化催化汽油中残余乙醇的含量

建立了红外光谱法测定 (乙醇 )醚化汽油中残余乙醇的方法 ,运用可调厚度吸收池消除汽油背景所产生的影响。当乙醇质量浓度为 1 5～ 13g/dl时 ,其误差为 0 1%～ 1 5 % ,相对标准偏差小于 3 % ,回收率为 99 2 %～10 1 5 %。该方法简单、快速、准确 ,也可用于无铅汽油中乙醇的测定     

Commercial Test of HGY-2000R FCC Catalyst for Maximizing Gasoline Yield

HGY-2000R catalyst developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC was tested in the RFCC unit, Ulsan complex, SK Corporation, Korea from July to August 2002. The primary results of commercial test show that it has good performance of higher activity, good hydrotherrnal stability,higher residue cracking ability, good coke selectivity and good fluidization properties as well as maximizing gasoline yield with a lower olefin content.     

催化裂化汽油加氢脱硫及芳构化(Hydro-GAP)技术的工业试验

介绍催化裂化汽油加氢脱硫及芳构化(Hydro-GAP)技术在中国石油化工股份有限公司荆门分公司进行工业试验的情况,结果表明,汽油硫质量分数由800μg/g左右降至150μg/g以下,脱硫率达80%以上;烯烃体积分数由30%左右降至20%左右;汽油研究法辛烷值变化幅度不大,马达法辛烷值提高0.4～0.8,抗爆指数提高0.15～0.75个单位;C_5~+汽油收率为95.44%。Hydro-GAP技术可以生产符合国Ⅲ排放要求的清洁汽油。     

工艺条件对降低催化汽油烯烃过程中汽油烯烃分布的影响

着重考察了在使用降烯烃催化剂GOR-Q和常规催化剂MLC-500时工艺条件对催化汽油烯烃分布的影响。结果表明：GOR-Q催化剂具有明显降低催化汽油各类烯烃的效果。从碳数分布看,催化汽油中的烯烃主要集中在C5～C7之间。从类型看,单烯烃是催化汽油烯烃的主要存在形式,其中又以正构烯烃和单支链烯烃为主。降低催化汽油烯烃主要是通过小分子烯烃或单烯烃、正构烯烃、单支链烯烃的降低来实现。低温、低空速、高剂油比有利于降低催化汽油中单烯烃、正构烯烃、单支链烯烃和二烯烃含量,但为了减少辛烷值的损失,在降低催化汽油烯烃时首先应采用提高剂油比的方式。     

An Orthogonal Method for Aromatization Reactions of Shenghua FCC Gasoline

Using a confined fluidized bed reactor and aromatization catalysts (LBO-A and LBO-16), the aromatization performance of Shenghua fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline has been studied in an orthogonal method. The experimental results reveal that the optimum reaction condition for the light oil yield was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 40 h^-1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 4 and 75% LBO-A and 25% LBO-16; the optimum reaction condition for aromatics amount in the light oil was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 30 h^-1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 5 and 65% LBO-A and 35% LBO-16, the olefin content is remarkably reduced from about 54.7% to 12.8% and 8.7% (by mass), respectively, at the same time the reaction mechanism of aromatization reaction is put forward based on the experimental result.     

Modeling of the FCC Gasoline Desulfurization Process by Liquid Extraction with Sulfolane

Abstract

Extractive desulfurization of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline with sulfolane was studied in a batch apparatus. The influence of three inlet parameters (temperature, inlet sulfur content, and solvent ratio) on the process response, that is, desulfurization efficiency, was investigated with the use of a Box-Behnken experimental design by response surface methodology. A mathematical model that can be used for predicting sulfur content in raffinate after extractive batch processing with sulfolane was statistically developed and proven with analysis of variance. Statistical analysis showed that the largest influence on desulfurization efficiency was solvent ratio, the second most significant influence was inlet sulfur content, followed by temperature, and last the interaction between solvent ratio and inlet sulfur content. The obtained second-order polynomial model shows that maximum desulfurization efficiency of 65.34% can be achieved at temperature of 50°C and higher values of inlet sulfur content and solver ratio in the researched range of inlet parameter values.     

An Orthogonal Method for Aromatization Reactions of Shenghua FCC Gasoline

Abstract

Using a confined fluidized bed reactor and aromatization catalysts (LBO-A and LBO-16), the aromatization performance of Shenghua fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline has been studied in an orthogonal method. The experimental results reveal that the optimum reaction condition for the light oil yield was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 40 h^?1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 4 and 75% LBO-A and 25% LBO-16; the optimum reaction condition for aromatics amount in the light oil was reaction temperature 420°C, WHSV 30 h^?1, mass ratio catalyst to oil 5 and 65% LBO-A and 35% LBO-16, the olefin content is remarkably reduced from about 54.7% to 12.8% and 8.7% (by mass), respectively, at the same time the reaction mechanism of aromatization reaction is put forward based on the experimental result.     

FCC汽油降烯烃技术进展

随着环保意识的加强 ,对汽油中的烯烃含量限制越来越严格 ,针对近期的发展动态 ,从催化裂化 (简称FCC)技术、醚化技术、芳构化技术和烷基化技术等方面介绍了FCC汽油降烯烃生产技术的进展。同时比较了各种方法的优缺点。     

发展FCC轻汽油醚化工艺

我国FCC汽油作为车用汽油的主要调合组分，其比例已占70％以上，是车用汽油质量不能进一步提高的瓶颈所在．FCC轻汽油醚化工艺将其中的叔碳烯烃转化为醚，在一定程度上弥补了MTBE产量的不足，除提高辛烷值和增加含氧量外，还可降低汽油的烯烃含量和蒸气压，一举多得，值得开发、推广。     

催化裂化汽油的下行床催化转化

以循环下行床为反应器,催化裂化汽油为原料,在工业催化裂化(FCC)催化剂和催化裂解(DCC)催化剂作用下,研究了催化裂化汽油的催化转化过程。实验结果表明,在下行床反应器中,催化裂化汽油中的烯烃能显著降低,主要转化为低碳烯烃产品,同时得到富含芳烃的液体产品,副产干气和焦炭量很低。催化裂化汽油在FCC催化剂和DCC催化剂上表现出不同的反应机理。FCC催化剂孔道大,可以发生双分子裂化反应和单分子裂化反应,而DCC催化剂孔道小,以单分子裂化反应机理为主,同时DCC催化剂低碳烯烃选择性更高。     

多产轻烯烃和高辛烷值汽油的催化裂化技术

介绍石油化工科学研究院（ＲＩＰＰ）近年来研究开发成功的一系列多产轻烯烃和高辛烷值汽油的催化裂化新技术。这些新技术在生产高辛烷值汽油的同时，可增产相当数量的轻烯烃。该轻烯烃可以作为新配方汽油含氧化合物的原料，也可以作为聚丙烯等石油化工产品的原料。     

FCC汽油加氢改质催化剂研究开发进展

综述了FCC汽油加氢改质催化剂的研究开发进展,分析比较了各种催化剂的特点,讨论了其适用范围,指出了目前汽油改质催化剂研究开发存在的问题,认为具有高度加氢异构-适度芳构化双功能和长期稳定性的新型催化剂将是FCC汽油改质催化剂今后发展的趋势。