基于性能退化的热老化可靠性剩余寿命预测方法

以核电厂主管道为研究对象,运用性能退化可靠性理论和贝叶斯更新方法,对主管道因热老化导致失效的剩余寿命进行研究。首先通过加速热老化实验获得的数据,分析主管道奥氏体不锈钢材料的冲击性能退化过程,然后运用贝叶斯更新方法得到基于冲击性能衰退信息的主管道热老化剩余寿命分布,进行可靠性剩余寿命预测;最后通过实例证明该方法的有效性和可操作性。     

核安全级电缆耐LOCA工况能力的试验研究

为保证核电厂安全可靠运行,要求核安全级电缆在整个寿期内能经受LOCA工况,执行安全相关功能。本文以绝缘电阻为指标,以我国已运行核电厂中使用较多的2个厂家制造的核安全级电缆为样品,分析比较了不同加速老化速率、不同累积热-辐照输入对电缆耐LOCA工况能力的影响。结果表明,不同厂商制造的电缆耐相同LOCA工况的能力存在差异:在一定的加速老化速率及累积能量输入范围内,老化速率、累积能量输入对电缆A耐LOCA工况的影响不明显;而累积能量输入对电缆B耐LOCA工况能力的影响较明显。     

时温平移法核级电缆热老化寿命评估及应用

基于时温平移法,根据非线性规划最优化确定平移因子,平移各温度组内老化寿命数据至参考温度,建立核级电缆热老化寿命模型。作为电缆老化状态监测管理必不可缺的工具,所建立的老化寿命模型可由状态指标推算电缆剩余寿命。基于此技术在Matlab GUI平台下开发的核级电缆热老化寿命评估的人机交互界面具有标准法、平移法两种计算模式,并能实现平移因子优化、活化能计算、老化寿命曲线拟合、老化机理一致性分析等功能。     

核电厂和缓环境、显著老化机理与设备鉴定

本文论述了安装在核电厂和缓环境中1E级设备老化机理的非显著性及确定鉴定寿命的不必要性,明确了该环境中一般1E级设备的鉴定试验要求.     

电缆电子束辐照工艺中的剂量控制

随着剂量的改变,电缆绝缘层的性能指标,如凝胶量、抗张强度、断裂伸长率和热老化等都将发生变化,它们直接影响了电缆的参数和质量。因此,要保证电子辐照交联电缆质量的关键之一,就是要控制吸收剂量。本文详细叙述了电缆在电子辐照工艺中应用薄膜剂量计作剂量扫描均匀度的测量及在不同辐照方式下剂量分布的测量。     

基于XGBoost的高中子注量率区域堆内构件螺栓可靠性评估方法

堆内构件螺栓长期处于高温高压以及高辐射环境,连接围板与成形板的螺栓存在辐照促应力腐蚀开裂（IASCC）现象。为提前预测螺栓在应力腐蚀环境下的剩余寿命,减少核电厂的备件库存,本文采用 XGBoost预测堆内构件螺栓在高辐照环境下的剩余寿命。首先,对压水堆高中子注量率区域的全周期剩余寿命演化数据进行分析处理,获得相关性模型;然后,提出基于数据驱动的XGBoost预测螺栓剩余寿命,该方法具有较强的泛化性与较高的准确率,可以很好地评估高中子注量率区域螺栓的可靠性;最后,以35000个样本作为训练集、15000个样本作为测试集,与国际原子能机构（IAEA）经验公式计算值比较,结果表明,XGBoost 预测准确率高达99.93%,优于多元线性回归方法和AdaBoost（使用线性损失函数/使用平方损失函数/使用指数损失函数）方法。      

核安全级电缆鉴定寿命的分析再评估技术

基于对安全级电气设备（1E设备）鉴定方法和鉴定寿命的分析和研究,将分析再评估技术应用于核电厂有环境鉴定要求的电缆（EQ电缆）的寿命评估,可在满足安全要求的前提下合理地延长EQ电缆的鉴定寿命,确保电缆在鉴定寿命的延长期内仍然能够按照规范的要求实现其预期功能。该方法不仅可用于核电厂正常运行期间电缆合格鉴定状态的评估,也可用于电缆在核电厂运行许可证延续（OLE）期间实现其预期功能的能力评估,该方法在国内核电厂已有实际应用。     

非能动核电厂1E级阀门电动装置的鉴定与试验

介绍了三代非能动核电厂1E级阀门电动装置的设计及其鉴定要求,阐述了鉴定试验方案,包括基于IEEE 382-2006标准的代表性样机选型和鉴定试验序列,以及电磁兼容性、热老化、热循环、辐照老化、磨损老化、正常循环加压、振动老化、抗震和设计基准事故模拟等一系列的鉴定试验方法和结果。对抗震试验、设计基准事故试验中的技术问题进行了探讨,指出了相应的解决方案和措施。通过对国内自主研制的阀门电动装置样机的鉴定试验,最终验证电动装置在核电厂服役过程中能够达到规范书的安全功能性能要求,并具有60年鉴定寿命。     

面向核电应用的1E级隔离放大器的研制与验证

提出了核电厂安全停堆系统核1E级隔离放大器设计技术方案.该方案采用开关电源技术+模拟电源技术设计电源模块.从抗干扰、器件降额和抗震3个方面详细论述了提高隔离放大器稳定性和可靠性的设计方法.经性能验证,该产品各项技术指标及可靠性均达到或超过了国外同类产品水平,并通过了所有核1E级认证测试.     

核电厂1E级电缆的核安全审查

阐明对核电厂1E级电缆核安全审查的基本要求.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.