焊接热输入对Q890高强钢热影响区裂纹扩展的影响

采用Gleeble1500热模拟试验机,研究不同热输入对Q890高强钢焊接热影响区粗晶区的微观组织和韧性影响规律. 结果表明,随着热输入的增加,粗晶区的微观组织表现出从马氏体组织向马氏体、贝氏体的混合组织,再向贝氏体、粒状贝氏体的混合组织的转变. 当热输入为19.7 kJ/cm时,冲击吸收功最高为83 J,主要原因是由于先相贝氏体分割后相马氏体,大角度晶界密度最大,改善了冲击韧性. 当热输入较高时,粗晶区脆化的原因是由于M-A组元呈链状分布,造成局部应力集中,成为裂纹起裂和扩展的主要通道.     

Microstructure and toughness of intercritically reheated heat affected zone in reactor pressure vessel steel weld

Abstract

This study is concerned with correlating the metallurgical factors and the toughness of the intercritically reheated coarse grained heat affected zone (ICCGHAZ) of multipass welded SA508–cl. 3 reactor pressure vessel steel. The influence on toughness was investigated by means of a simulated heat affected zone test. Toughness and other properties of the ICCGHAZ were strongly influenced by metallurgical factors such as high concentration of carbon martensitic islands (secondary phase, martensite–austenite constituents) formed along the prior austenite grain boundaries and martensite lath interfaces, and a softened matrix (tempered martensite or bainite). The characteristics (amount, hardness, and size) of the islands were found to be strongly correlated with both peak temperature and the cooling time of the previous pass. The toughness of the ICCGHAZ deteriorated with increasing amounts of martensite–austenite constituents, which were made more abundant by increasing the final peak temperature within the intercritical temperature range. Meanwhile, for the same intercritical peak temperature, toughness decreased with increased cooling time. When the cooling time was short, the dominant factor influencing toughness of the ICCGHAZ was the amount of martensitic islands. However, when the cooling time was long, the hardness difference between the martensitic islands and the softened matrix (tempered martensite) was found to be the dominant factor.     

BWELDY960Q钢焊接热模拟热影响区组织与性能

采用焊接热模拟技术模拟BWELDY960Q钢焊接热影响区,在不同峰值温度条件下,研究热影响区各区域组织与性能的变化规律. 结果表明,热影响区各微区组织形态不同,粗晶区的组织为板条状马氏体,细晶区的组织为细晶板条马氏体,不完全重结晶区的组织为马氏体、索氏体和铁素体的混合组织,回火区组织为回火索氏体. 峰值温度达到1 200 ℃时,热影响区原始奥氏体晶粒已经开始粗化,并越接近熔合区,晶粒粗化现象越显著. 粗晶区冲击韧性较低,韧性损失为母材的82.17%,不完全重结晶区的冲击韧性损失为母材的46.53%. 模拟焊接热影响区组织比实际焊接热影响区组织更粗大.     

超低碳9Ni钢焊接接头低温韧性

针对新研制的通过淬火、中间淬火和回火处理工艺获得的超低碳9Ni钢,对其进行了实际焊接接头和模拟焊接热影响区低温韧性的研究.经-196℃低温夏比V形缺口冲击试验、金相显微观察、透射和扫描电镜分析.结果表明,单道焊粗晶区组织为粗大的板条状马氏体,低温冲击韧性较低.多道焊热影响区组织中,在马氏体板条间析出了逆转奥氏体,这种呈弥散分布的逆转奥氏体能细化晶粒、提高焊接热影响区的低温韧性.认为采用小热输入、多层焊、低的层间温度,可使焊接接头获得高的低温冲击韧性.     

焊接热循环对SA508-3钢临界粗晶区组织和性能的影响

针对核电设备用SA508-3钢临界粗晶区,采用热模拟技术研究了不预热下焊接热循环对临界粗晶区组织和性能的影响.结果表明,临界粗晶区在原奥氏体晶界上析出了项链状的隐晶马氏体组织,使其性能恶化,是焊接接头中最为薄弱的区域.临界粗晶区在经历峰值温度400~650℃的焊接热循环后,冲击韧性得到明显的改善,此时可以获得良好的强韧性匹配.在SA508-3钢多层多道焊接过程中,通过合理控制层道间焊接热循环条件,可有效改善临界粗晶区组织和性能.     

A study on welded joint toughness of X-60 steel

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微钙钢焊接性的研究

从焊接接合性能和焊接使用性能两方面研究了微钙钢的焊接性.用光学显微镜、裂纹敏感性试验、硬度试验、拉伸试验和冲击韧性试验对焊接接头的微观组织和性能进行分析.结果表明:焊接接头组织组成为马氏体、粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体;焊接接头的冷裂纹率为零,焊接接合性能良好;焊接粗晶区、细晶区和回火区具有良好的综合力学性能.     

回火温度对工程机械用超高强钢组织及回火脆性的影响

通过SEM、TEM、-20 ℃夏比V型冲击试验等分析手段研究了回火温度对工程机械用超高强钢微观组织及回火脆性的影响,并结合断口特征及微观组织分析裂纹扩展路径。结果表明,试验钢在200~500 ℃回火时,随着回火温度的升高,马氏体分解后形成的碳化物的析出位置从马氏体板条内逐步过渡到原始奥氏体晶界和马氏体板条界,其形状由针状变为粒状,并不断粗化。回火温度为200 ℃和500 ℃时,冲击试样断口的不稳定断裂区为韧性断裂。300 ℃回火时,出现了回火脆性,其冲击试样断口的不稳定断裂区为准解理断裂,裂纹扩展路径相对平直。微观组织分析发现,在原始奥氏体晶界及马氏体板条界析出大量的针状碳化物,这些碳化物提供了裂纹形核位置,促进了裂纹扩展,导致了回火脆性的产生。     

双道次激光电弧复合焊热影响区微观组织与冲击韧性

采用焊接热模拟技术制备了低合金高强钢双道次激光电弧复合焊热影响区的均匀化组织试样,研究了二次峰值温度对热模拟试样微观组织和韧性的影响. 结果表明,未转变粗晶区为粗大的板条马氏体,晶粒尺寸在84 ~ 98 μm之间. 超临界再热粗晶区为细小的板条马氏体,晶粒尺寸为15.7 ~ 19.2 μm. 临界再热粗晶区为晶界和亚晶界分布有块状M-A组元的板条马氏体. 亚临界再热粗晶区组织为板条马氏体,晶粒尺寸在79 ~ 88 μm之间. 示波冲击试验结果表明,临界再热粗晶区试样抵抗裂纹形成能力最低,临界再热粗晶区和未转变粗晶区试样抵抗裂纹扩展能力最差.     

低合金高强钢激光电弧复合焊热模拟热影响区组织与冲击韧性

采用焊接热模拟技术制备了低合金高强钢激光电弧复合焊热影响区的均匀化组织试样,并结合示波冲击试验和组织精细化表征技术分析了热模拟试样组织与韧性之间的关系.?结果表明,热模拟粗晶区、细晶区组织为板条马氏体,临界区组织为马氏体和晶界碳化物,亚临界区组织为回火马氏体;峰值温度对热模拟试样裂纹形成功影响不大,对裂纹扩展功具有较大...     

热处理对1Cr18Ni9Ti与2Cr13钢板焊接接头耐腐蚀性的影响

通过填丝钨极氩弧焊方法对1Cr18Ni9Ti与2Cr13钢板进行焊接,并对焊接接头进行焊后热处理.采用SEM对焊接接头热处理前后的组织进行观察及分析;采用模拟海水浸泡试验,测量了焊接接头的交流抗阻和极化曲线.结果表明,1Cr18Ni9Ti和2Cr13钢板焊接接头热处理前焊缝为典型的柱状晶,组织为板条马氏体+奥氏体+第二...     

Influence of Welding Thermal Cycle on Microstructure and Properties in Heat-affected Zone of X80 Pipeline Steel

Single welding thermal–cycles with different input linear energies (ILE)(15, 20, 30, 40, 50 kJ/cm) and peak temperatures (PT) (900, 1050, 1200, 1300, 1350 ℃) were simulated by MMS-300 to study the correlation of toughness and microstructure in heat-affected zone (HAZ) of a X80 pipeline. The evolution characteristics of microstructure were investigated by OM, SEM and EBSD. The results show that numerous polygonal ferrites and grain boundary ferrites appear, and the sizes apparently decrease as the heat input decreases. Heat input in single welding should be less than 35 kJ/cm to ensure well Charpy impact toughness. The toughness of course grain zone is the lowest when welding heating temperature is 1350 ℃ and it is the weakness part in welded zone. The uniformity of prior austenite grain is worsened as increasing the heat input. Moreover, the characteristics of M-A constituents and high angle grain boundaries (HAGB) are influenced by heat input and PT. In the case of low heat input and PT, higher density of HAGBs, dispersed and fine M-A constituents were observed. Otherwise, with high heat input (≥40 kJ/cm), the effective grain size is almost the diameter of prior austenite grain, and it will decrease the density of HAGB, moreover, coarse M-A constituents which are prone to crack initiation will be generated, thus, the impact toughness of the coarse grain zone will be worsened obviously in welding HAZ.     

不同热处理条件下贝氏体钢的微观组织和疲劳裂纹扩展

以贝氏体钢为研究对象,设计了4种热处理工艺,研究了不同热处理工艺下试验钢的显微组织及疲劳裂纹扩展速率。结果表明,热轧态试验钢的微观组织以粒状贝氏体为主,其上分布有少量的板条贝氏体、马氏体和粗大块状M/A岛,残留奥氏体的体积分数为16.2%,但稳定性较差,裂纹能够直接穿过粗大的块状M/A岛继续扩展,疲劳裂纹扩展速率最快。经900 ℃奥氏体化+空冷后,显微组织以板条贝氏体和马氏体为主,M/A岛仍为粗大的块状,残留奥氏体含量减少至12.3%,疲劳裂纹扩展速率略有降低。经900 ℃奥氏体化+380 ℃盐浴等温30 min +空冷后,显微组织以细密、有序的板条贝氏体为主,残留奥氏体含量减少至10.2%,以薄膜状伴生在板条贝氏体间,板条状贝氏体及板条间的残留奥氏体薄膜会使裂纹端钝化、分叉、偏折,阻碍裂纹扩展的能力增强;经350 ℃回火240 min后,显微组织以马氏体和板条贝氏体为主,残留奥氏体含量比热轧态略微降低,为14.9%;而经450 ℃回火240 min后,显微组织以板条状贝氏体为主,其上分布有少量的马氏体,残留奥氏体体积分数减少至8.6%,也以薄膜状伴生在贝氏体板条间,同时有大量的碳化物析出,裂纹扩展速率最慢。     

Fracture toughness of structural aluminium alloy thick plate joints by friction stir welding

Abstract

The fracture toughness in a friction stir welded joint of thick plates of structural aluminium alloy type A5083-O is investigated. A joint between two 25 mm thick plates is fabricated by one sided, one pass friction stir welding. The Charpy impact energy and critical crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) in the friction stir weld are much higher than those in the base metal or heat affected zone, whereas mechanical properties such as stress–strain curve and Vickers hardness are not conspicuously different. The effects of the microstructure on crack initiation and propagation are studied in order to clarify the difference in fracture toughness between the stir zone and base metal. The analyses of the fracture resistance curves and the diameters of dimples in the fracture surface after both tensile and bending tests show that the fine grained microstructure in the stir zone helps to increase ductile crack initiation and propagation resistance. It is found that the high fracture toughness value in the stir zone is affected by the fine grained microstructure in friction stir welds.     

Effect of fast cooling on microstructure and toughness of heat affected zone in high strength offshore steel

E690 is a newly developed high strength high toughness steel for offshore structures. The effect of different cooling modes on the microstructure and toughness of the heat affected zone in E690 weldment were investigated in this work. The outcome of microstructural examinations and mechanical tests showed that fast cooling immediately after submerged welding can reduce the width of heat affected and coarse grained zones, as well as improving the low temperature impact toughness. It was also shown that reduction in the grain size of the parent austenite and having lower amounts of retained austenite within bainitic structure are the main causes of the observed improvement.     

10Ni8CrMoV钢焊接过热区和细晶区的组织与性能

采用热模拟技术研究了10Ni8CrMoV这种超高强度钢(Rp0.2≥1000 MPa)焊接热影响区的过热区和细晶区的组织与性能.结果表明,10Ni8CrMoV这一新型钢种的模拟焊接热影响区的过热区和细晶区表现出与绝大多数材料完全相反的规律,过热区存在少量的铁素体组织,马氏体板条束之间形成了一定量的奥氏体薄膜,这些韧度相的存在使得过热区的冲击韧度与基体相比有了较大的提高;细晶区部位奥氏体含量很少,细小的板条马氏体端部呈针状特征造成应力集中,易于诱发裂纹.因此这一部位有可能成为焊接接头的薄弱地带.     

工业绿色发展工程科技战略及对策

采用Formastor-F Ⅱ 全自动相变仪,结合光学显微镜(OM)和维氏硬度测试,研究不同冷却速率对1 400 MPa级超高强钢焊接热影响区(HAZ)粗晶区组织转变和性能的影响规律,绘制焊接连续冷却转变曲线(SH-CCT),结合焊接工艺试验,采用公式法确定最佳焊接工艺参数. 结果表明,1 400 MPa级超高强钢马氏体临界转变冷却速率约为5 ℃/s,当冷却速率大于5 ℃/s时,热影响区粗晶区组织为单一板条马氏体,硬度值为487 ~ 509 HV5,冷却速率小于5 ℃/s时,粗晶区组织中出现中高温相变产物,即板条贝氏体、粒状贝氏体和铁素体等组织,硬度值下降为487 ~ 260 HV5,同时组织中还出现M-A组元,其含量随冷却速率降低先增加后减少,形态也由弥散颗粒状变为断续长条状或块状分布;厚度8 mm的1 400 MPa级超高强钢焊接时,热输入控制在20 kJ/cm以内,粗晶区组织为板条马氏体,硬度维持在500 HV5左右,粗晶区不发生软化现象,满足工程使用要求.     

Microstructure and fatigue crack growth behaviour of electron beam welding in 30CrMnSiNi2A steel

The effects of two post-weld heat treatment processes on the microstructure and fatigue properties of the electron beam welded joints of 30CrMnSiNi2A steel were studied. Electron beam local post-weld heat treatment ( EBLPWHT) , in a vacuum chamber, immediately after welding and a traditional furnace whole post-weld heat treatment (FWPWHT) were accepted. The experimental results show that, after EBLPWHT, the main microstructure of weld is changed from coarse acicular martensite into lath martensite, and base metal is changed from ferrite and perlite into upper bainite and residual austenite, however the microstructures of different zones of joints in FWPWHT conditions are tempered sorbite. The fatigue crack growth rate da/dN of welds and base metal are not obviously changed among EBLPWHT, FWPWHT test and as-welded (AW) test, as the mechanical properties of materials have a certain but not large effect on the da/dN of welded joints. The resistance to near threshold fatigue crack growth data of welded joints can be largely improved by EBLPWHT and it is related to microstructure and crack closure effect.     

1300?MPa级低合金高强钢SH-CCT曲线及冷裂敏感性分析

采用Formastor-FⅡ全自动相变仪测定了1300 MPa级低合金高强钢的奥氏体化相变温度,结合光学显微镜与维氏硬度计等设备研究了800 ~ 500 ℃冷却时间(t_8/5)对1300 MPa级低合金高强钢粗晶热影响区组织和硬度变化的影响规律. 结果表明,当t_8/5为3 ~ 60 s时,1300 MPa级低合金高强钢粗晶热影响区组织均由板条马氏体组成,硬度值为438 ~ 454 HV5;随着冷却时间延长,粗晶区出现贝氏体类组织,当t_8/5为150 s时,粗晶区为板条马氏体/贝氏体混合组织,硬度平均值为413 HV5;当t_8/5为300 ~ 600 s时,粗晶区为板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体混合组织,硬度值为341 ~ 381 HV5;当t_8/5＞600 s时,粗晶区组织主要为粒状贝氏体,硬度值为269 ~ 322 HV5. 冷裂敏感性评价结果表明,该试验钢碳当量C_E(IIW)和C_EN均大于0.5%,具有一定的冷裂倾向,需焊前预热,焊后热处理或保温缓冷等措施,避免焊接冷裂纹的形成.     

Characteristic of martensite–austenite constituents in coarse grained heat affected zone of HSLA steel with varying Al contents

The fine microstructure of martensite–austenite (M–A) constituents in simulated coarse grained heat affected zone (HAZ) of high strength low alloy steel with varying aluminium content (0·038 and 0·070 wt-%) at 100 kJ cm^?1 heat input welding was investigated. The result shows that M–A constituents with 0·038%Al consisted of lath martensite and retained austenite. The retained austenite was distributed along the martensite lath. Whereas, the M–A constituents with 0·070%Al consisted of lath martensite and retained austenite, as well as a small amount of twinned martensite. The amount of retained austenite in M–A constituents with 0·070%Al was becoming higher slightly than that with 0·038%Al. Accordingly, the volume fraction of M–A constituents was reduced with 0·070%Al. Appropriate aluminium addition could decrease not only the area fraction but also the size of M–A constituents, which are beneficial for improving the toughness of HAZ.