缺口几何尺寸对钢材疲劳强度的影响

研究了缺口零件的疲劳行为,表明缺口的几何尺寸对零件疲劳强度有明显的影响。从钝缺口样品的研究得到了几何尺寸的影响是通过改变缺口处的应力梯度来实现的,其值可以用线弹性断裂力学进行估算。缺口尺寸对疲劳强度的影响能用几何尺寸因素进行解释,而当缺口逐渐变得尖锐时,在某一个极限范围内塑性区域应变开始对裂纹萌生起重要作用,这时的疲劳强度比用几何尺寸影响来预测的值要低。这种情况下的缺口样品疲劳强度该方法不再适用,则需用其它方法进行估算。     

连铸方坯形状及截面尺寸的分析研究

论述了连铸方坯对不同产品用途、规格所需的压缩比,分析了矩形连铸坯截面优于方形坯;指出优化截面尺寸,选择近终形截面连铸是发展方向。     

回火对感应淬火10CrNi3MoV球扁钢组织和性能的影响

利用SEM、TEM等检测方法研究了回火工艺参数对感应加热淬火10Cr Ni3Mo V球扁钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,感应淬火后,10Cr Ni3Mo V球扁钢淬火组织为细小的板条马氏体和少量贝氏体。随着回火温度的升高,10Cr Ni3Mo V钢球头与腹板处的强度与硬度单调下降,塑韧性得到改善;板条界面逐渐消失,晶界处析出的渗碳体长大和球化趋势越来越明显。随着回火时间延长,10Cr Ni3Mo V钢球头与腹板处的强度与硬度略有下降,塑韧性明显改善;碳化物的析出量减少,原有的粒状碳化物有聚集长大趋势。本试验钢获得良好强韧性匹配的最佳回火工艺为:回火温度630~650℃,回火时间3~3.5 h。     

感应淬火对半轴用非调质钢高周疲劳性能的影响

利用旋转弯曲疲劳试验方法对比研究了一种半轴用铁素体+珠光体型非调质钢感应淬火前后高周疲劳性能的变化。结果表明,试验钢试样感应淬火后表层形成了厚度约1.2 mm、平均显微硬度约650 HV0.3的马氏体组织淬硬层。该淬硬层具有较高的残余压应力和十分细小的原奥氏体晶粒。感应淬火处理后,试验钢的疲劳耐久极限从420 MPa提高到716 MPa。疲劳断口的SEM观察表明,未经感应淬火试样的疲劳裂纹均起源于试样的表面基体,而经表面感应淬火后的疲劳裂纹则起裂于淬硬层边界附近的内部基体。     

ģ�߸ֳ�����ƣ������̽��

通过常规疲劳试验和超声疲劳试验测试模具钢107周次疲劳性能和108超高周次疲劳性能,对模具钢超高周疲劳试样断口进行了分析。将两种不同频率下模具钢试样的疲劳性能进行对比探讨模具钢的频率效应,将20 k Hz频率下两种不同尺寸试样的疲劳性能进行对比探讨模具钢的尺寸效应。结果表明:20 k Hz和130 Hz下模具钢107周次的疲劳极限相差9%,不同尺寸的两种圆弧形试样108周次下的疲劳极限相差16%。     

不同截面尺寸贝氏体非调质钢的组织和性能

研究了经920℃空冷,300℃回火后不同直径贝氏体非调质钢棒料的组织和力学性能.结果表明,不同直径贝氏体钢试棒,经空冷+回火后的组织均为贝氏体铁素体和残留奥氏体,属于无碳化物贝氏体组织,?30 mm以下棒料热处理后组织变化较小,直径大于?50 mm棒料,心部组织有所粗化,并伴随粒状贝氏体量的增加.热处理后,随棒料直径的...     

Grain size effect on cyclic deformation behavior and springback prediction of Ni-based superalloy foil

In order to clarify the influence of grain size on cyclic deformation response of superalloy sheets and springback behavior, cyclic loading–unloading and shearing tests were performed on the superalloy foils with 0.2 mm in thickness and diverse grain sizes. The results show that, the decline ratio of elastic modulus is weakened with increasing grain size, and the Bauschinger effect becomes evident with decreasing grain size. Meanwhile, U-bending test results determine that the springback is diminished with increasing grain size. The Chaboche, Anisotropic Nonlinear Kinematic (ANK) and Yoshida-Uemori (Y-U) models were utilized to fit the shear stress–strain curves of specimens. It is found that Y-U model is sufficient of predicting the springback. However, the prediction accuracy is degraded with increasing grain size.     

10CrNi3MoV钢低匹配对接接头的拉伸疲劳性能

通过余高削平的10CrNi3MoV钢低匹配对接接头的拉伸和脉动拉伸疲劳试验,研究了匹配比对高强钢对接接头力学性能的影响,给出了匹配比与削平对接接头疲劳强度及寿命的关系方程.结果表明,随匹配比降低,削平对接接头抗拉强度、断后伸长率和疲劳强度降低,但匹配比对接头抗拉强度影响较小,对断后伸长率和疲劳强度影响较大;由于焊缝冶金强化和力学强化效应的作用,接头抗拉强度和疲劳强度远高于焊缝熔敷金属本身.匹配比过低的焊接结构缺少满足需要的塑性储备,以接头断裂模式为标准,进行了匹配比下限值的初步界定.     

压下率和退火温度对SPCC冷轧钢带组织与性能的影响

对不同压下率生产的不同规格冷轧钢带,在不同温度下进行模拟罩式退火试验。讨论了压下率和温度对SPCC钢带组织与性能的影响。结果表明,在同一退火温度下,压下率为76%时晶粒尺寸最小;当压下率低于64%时,即使退火温度达到800℃,晶粒仍为拉长形;不同厚度规格冷轧板的屈强比随退火温度升高明显降低;厚度小于0.3 mm钢带最优的退火温度确定为675-700℃。     

TWIP钢Fe-23Mn-2Al-0.2C的组织及拉伸变形机制

研究了TWIP钢Fe-23Mn-2Al-0.2C固溶处理后的组织演变和拉伸变形行为,并对其变形机制进行了探讨。结果表明:随固溶温度升高,实验钢的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,屈服强度和抗拉强度均降低,伸长率增大,强塑积先增大后减小,在900℃时达到最高;实验钢的拉伸变形呈现连续屈服,同时随固溶温度升高,加工硬化速率(dσ/dε)与真应变(ε)的变化关系由2阶段变为3阶段。通过OM和TEM观察显示,随着晶粒尺寸的增加,变形过程中形变孪晶数量增多,孪晶诱导塑性(TWIP)效应增大。     

感应淬火对Cr12MoV钢轧辊硬度和硬化层深度的影响

针对Cr12MoV钢轧辊感应淬火易开裂及硬化层深度的问题,研究了预热温度、淬火加热温度、感应圈移动速度和电源频率对Cr12MoV钢轧辊的硬度、开裂和硬化层深度的影响,探索了Cr12MoV钢轧辊具备高硬度不开裂及厚硬化层的方法。结果表明,Cr12MoV钢轧辊调质态硬度低于32 HRC与预热温度高于450 ℃时,能避免淬火开裂;随着感应淬火温度或感应圈移动速度提高,淬火Cr12MoV钢轧辊硬度出现先升高后降低的趋势,但无法明显影响硬化层深度;而随着感应电源频率降低,淬火Cr12MoV钢轧辊硬化层深度明显增加,但对淬火件硬度影响较小。     

不同截面尺寸Cr8Mo2SiV和Cr12Mo1V1钢的组织与性能

对不同截面尺寸Cr8Mo2SiV和Cr12Mo1V1冷作模具钢的组织,共晶碳化物尺寸及不均匀度,冲击性能进行了研究。结果表明,Cr8Mo2SiV钢和Cr12Mo1V1钢退火组织均为球状珠光体上分布着碳化物;随热轧截面尺寸的增大,碳化物尺寸变大,分布均匀性变差。适当减小试验钢的截面尺寸,能够显著减小共晶碳化物的尺寸并改善其分布不均度,提高材料的冲击性能。     

Effects of solidification structure on fatigue crack initiation and fatigue strength in Al−Si−Mg cast alloys

Rotating-bending uniaxial fatigue tests and micro-fatigue crack initiation tests were carried out using a permanent mold cast (PMC) and semi-solid die cast (SDC) with Al−7%Si−0.35%Mg composition in order to examine the relationship between solidification structures and fatigue behaviors. The crack length was measured using a replication method. Fatigue strength was improved in SDC, which was almost consistent with the predicted fatigue strength using the size of Si particle cluster. Resistance to fatigue crack initiation and fatigue strength were improved in SDC owing to the finer Si cluster and to higher ultimate tensile strength. Fatigue crack in PMC was preferentially initiated at pores. For SDC, the fatigue crack was initiated at the Si particle/matrix interface, and then sucessively grew along eutectic cell boundaries.     

热处理对大截面LS8铸钢组织和性能的影响

对自主研发的LS8铸钢大截面试样采用完全淬火+高温回火(QT)、亚温淬火+高温回火(LT)和完全淬火+亚温淬火+高温回火(QLT)3种不同工艺进行热处理,分析了热处理工艺对大截面试样组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,经QLT工艺处理后大截面试样心部的低温冲击性能最好,满足API Spec 8C要求。显微组织观察及冲击断口形貌分析结果表明,低温冲击性能的提高与亚温淬火后组织中弥散分布的细小铁素体有关。     

激光冲击对耐热钢高温疲劳寿命的影响

对00Cr12耐热钢试样进行激光冲击强化处理,并在25、400、500和600℃条件下进行疲劳拉伸试验,测量不同温度下拉伸时试样的力学性能,分别用单侧容限因数法和二维Weibull分布法进行疲劳安全寿命估算并比较。结果表明,经过激光强化后,试样的屈服强度和弹性模量都得到较大提高,并随着温度的升高而增加;温度对耐热钢的寿命有很大影响,随着温度的提高,疲劳寿命显著降低;单侧容限因数法能得到一个确切的疲劳安全寿命估算值,而二维Weibull分布法则得到一个疲劳安全寿命值的取值范围,二维Weibull分布法更具有工程适用性。     

Effects of induction hardening and prior cold work on a microalloyed medium carbon steel

The torsional strength and microstructural response to induction hardening of a 10V45 steel with prior cold work was evaluated. The vanadium-microalloyed 1045 (10V45) steel was characterized in three conditions: as-hot-rolled, 18% cold-reduced, and 29% cold-reduced. Two of these evaluations, 10V45 as-hot-rolled and 10V45-18%, were subjected to stationary and progressive induction hardening to three nominal case depths: 2, 4, and 6 mm. All specimens were subsequently furnace tempered at 190 °C for 1 h. The martensitic case microstructures contained residual lamellar carbides due to incomplete dissolution of the pearlitic carbides in the prior microstructure. Torsional overload strength, as measured by maximum torque capacity, is greatly increased by increasing case depth, and to a lesser extent by increasing prior cold work level. Maximum torque capacity ranges from 2520 to 3170 N · m, depending upon induction hardening processing. Changing induction hardening processing from stationary (single-shot) to progressive (scan) had little effect on torque capacity. This paper was originally presented at the 17th ASM Heat Treating Society Conference, which included the 1st International Induction Heat Treating Symposium, 1997.     

冷变形和再结晶退火对TP304钢晶粒度的影响

对TP304钢实施19%和25%的冷塑性变形后,分别在650℃、700℃、800℃及900℃下进行30 min再结晶退火,研究变形率和再结晶退火温度对TP304钢晶粒度的影响。结果表明,TP304钢在650℃、700℃及800℃下再结晶退火30 min,不能实现完全再结晶;900℃下再结晶退火30 min,可获得完全再结晶组织;19%冷变形+900℃再结晶退火30 min,TP304钢晶粒平均直径从40μm细化到22μm;25%冷变形+900℃再结晶退火30 min,TP304钢晶粒平均直径从40μm细化到17μm,二者晶粒度级别均由6级细化到8级,25%冷变形+900℃再结晶退火30 min的细化晶粒效果最优。     

Effect of Bi on graphite morphology and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron

To improve the mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron, bismuth （Bi） was introduced into the iron. Five castings with different Bi content from 0 to 0.014 wt.% were prepared; and four positions in the casting from the edge to the center, with different solidification cooling rates, were chosen for microstructure observation and mechanical properties test. The effect of the Bi content on the graphite morphology and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron were investigated. Results show that the tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness at different positions in the five castings decrease with a decrease in cooling rate. With an increase in Bi content, the graphite morphology and the mechanical properties at the same position are improved, and the improvement of mechanical properties is obvious when the Bi content is no higher than 0.011wt.%. But when the Bi content is further increased to 0.014wt.%, the improvement of mechanical properties is not obvious due to the increase of chunky graphite number and the aggregation of chunky graphite. With an increase in Bi content, the tensile fracture mechanism is changed from brittle to mixture ductile-brittle fracture.     

冷轧压下率和平整伸长率对低碳钢退火板组织性能的影响

研究了冷轧压下率和平整伸长率对低碳钢退火板组织性能的影响。结果表明,在相同的退火工艺下,提高冷轧压下率能有效减小铁素体晶粒尺寸,晶粒的细化不仅提高了屈服强度和屈强比,而且还增大了屈服平台伸长率。通过Hall-Petch和Hollomon方程分别建立了试验钢屈服强度与晶粒尺寸,以及屈服平台伸长率与晶粒尺寸之间的定量关系。随着平整伸长率的提高,屈服强度先减小后增大,而抗拉强度变化不明显。采用1.5%平整伸长率不仅可以消除7.2%屈服平台,并能使试验钢保持最低的屈服强度和屈强比。