天虎乳油防除油菜田杂草的效果

天虎乳油防除油菜田杂草的效果宋社吾，王健（安徽农业大学植保系，合肥２３００３６）３５％天虎乳油是安徽省化工研究院研制生产的一种新型油菜田除草剂。为了验证天虎乳油对油菜田杂草的防除效果，作者在本校农场进行了小区试验，现就天虎乳油在油菜苗期的除草试验报告...     

安庆市油菜田杂草防除技术的研究与应用

根据安庆市油菜田杂草防除技术的发展过程将杂草防除划分为四个阶段，阐述了各阶段特点，介绍了油菜田杂草防除技术研究的主要内容与配套技术，油菜田杂草化除中丰在的主要问题，提出了今后对策和建议。     

系列药剂防除冬油菜田禾本科杂草试验示范

我省油菜田为冬油菜田,分旱作油菜田和水田菜田。其优势杂草种群为禾本科杂草,以看麦娘发生和危害最重,多年来,我省冬油菜田防除看麦娘杂草连续使用了选择性较强的除草剂。为了进一步明确各种除草剂的速效性、持效期和安全性,１９９６～１９９８年我们选择了系列防除油菜田禾本科杂草的茎叶处理剂进行田间药效示范比较。试验结果如下：１　药剂和方法１．１　供试药剂试验药剂为８０５％威霸ＥＣ（有效成分：精恶唑禾草灵,德国艾格福公司产品）;２９％威霸ＥＷ（德国艾格福公司产品）;１０８％高效盖草能ＥＣ（有效成分：吡氟…     

国产右旋吡氟乙草灵防除大豆和油菜田杂草试验

10.8%右旋吡氟乙草灵EC可有效防除大豆和油菜田杂草,用量32.4 g a.i./hm2,对大豆田禾本科杂草的株数和鲜重为防效100%;对油菜田禾本科杂草的株数和鲜重防效分别为83.8%和97.1%。对大豆和油菜无不良影响。     

草除灵市场供不应求

草除灵商品名阔草克、高特克，适用于油菜田防除阔叶杂草，对油菜安全，具有内吸传导作用。随着油菜田防除禾本科杂草的除草剂品种市场的需求，近几年草除灵除草剂生产企业增多。据最新农药登记公告统计，目前国内草除灵原药已增加到十家生产企业，分别为：浙江新安化工集团股份有限公司、江苏长青农化股份有限公司、安徽华星化工股份有限公司、辽宁省沈阳化工研究院试验厂、     

40%乙·除乳油防除油菜田杂草

40 %乙·除乳油是油菜田除草剂 ,为明确该药剂对油菜田杂草的防除效果及安全性 ,我们于 1999年在杭州市西湖区进行了防除油菜田杂草药效试验。现将试验结果总结如下 :1　试验材料与方法1.1　供试药剂4 0 %乙·除乳油 (有效成分 :乙草胺、二甲戊乐灵 ,宁波明日集团 ) ;50 %乙草胺乳油 (杭州农药总厂 ) ;33%施田补 (有效成分 :二甲戊乐灵 )乳油。1.2　试验处理与方法试验在浙江省杭州市西湖区转塘镇龙心村进行。试验田前作为连作晚稻 ,土壤墒情良好。单子叶杂草主要种类有看麦娘、草、棒头草 ;双子叶杂草主要种类有繁缕、碎米荠、水苦荬。油…     

10％丙酯草醚EC防除油菜杂草效果及药害分析

丙酯草醚是我国具有自主知识产权的一种新型除草剂，为了解该药剂对重庆市秀山地区油菜田杂草的防除效果及其性能特点，搞好其大面积推广应用，进行了小区试验和大田示范。结果表明，10％丙酯草醚Ec75mL/hm^2对油菜阔叶杂草、禾本科杂草及总体防除效果都在85％以上，具有杀草谱广、持效期长、防除效果好和成本较低等特点。但有时会产生药害，从而对其药害原因进行了初步分析。     

高效盖草能防除双子叶作物田禾本科杂草及对作物安全性研究

我省自 1994年引进 10 .8%高效盖草能在不同生态区用于甘蓝型油菜、白菜型油菜、蚕豆、豌豆、蔬菜田防除一年生禾本科杂草野燕麦、早熟禾、旱雀麦 ,多年生杂草赖草、芦苇和田边、果园多年生禾本科杂草及对作物的安全性进行了试验和应用技术的研究 ,经多年小区和大区试验示范研究总结出 ,10 .8%高效盖草能在双子叶作物田防除禾本科杂草应用技术 ,为科学用药 ,提高除草效果 ,增加产量 ,促进我省农业生产发展和减少环境污染有一定的参考价值。1　材料和方法1.1　试验设计与方法1.1.1　供试药剂10 .8%高效盖草能乳油 (有效成分 :吡氟氯禾灵 ,美…     

广灭灵防除蚕豆田杂草应用技术研究初报

广灭灵是美国FMC公司八十年代中期研究开发生产的一种新型除草剂，杀草谱广，除草效果好，它能有效地防除多种禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草，广泛用于水稻，大豆，油菜等作物，除草效果和经济效益非常显著。但在蚕豆上如何应用广灭灵进行化除，过去一直未曾有过这方面的试验研究。因此，为了探索广灭灵对蚕豆田杂草的防除效果，应用技术及其对蚕豆的安全性，为大面积推广应用提供科学依据，受美国FMC公司的委托，1999－2001年我们在通州市忠义，三余镇进行了广灭灵防除蚕豆田杂草试验，并进行了示范推广，取得了很好的除草效果，现将试验结果整理如下。     

乙吡混剂防除稻茬油菜田杂草

乙草胺·吡氟乙草灵混剂孓除稻茬油菜田杂草，对各种单、双子叶杂草的综合株防效和鲜重防效分别达８３．６％￣９１．０％、９２．１￣９６．５％，其中对牛繁缕等阔叶杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为６８．１￣７０．８％、７８．６￣８２．６％，克服了稻茬油菜田长期单用吡氟乙草灵而导致的牛繁缕等阔叶杂草迅速上升，危害日趋严重的弊端。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。