On Ardila's "International psychology."

Argues that although R. Ardila (see record 1982-29234-001) provides some relevant information and intended to set out an international perspective for psychology, he inadvertently confirmed the provincialism that characterizes much of the North American enterprise by emphasizing the number of its practitioners, its linguistic predominance, and its general pervasiveness. It is argued that Ardila missed significant developments in German-language psychology, and that a one-language psychology may have more disadvantages than advantages for an international psychology. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

U.S. psychology and world psychology.

Contends that although US psychology at present occupies a major position in world psychology, the field is growing more rapidly in many other countries. An example of international cooperation in an endeavor that could not be achieved by the psychological community of any single nation (i.e., securing the admission of the International Union of Psychological Science to the International Council of Scientific Unions) is given. A list of suggestions is presented outlining ways in which individual psychologists can take part in international psychological activities. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Military psychology and general psychology.

Suggests the relevance of many findings, methods, and viewpoints of military psychology to approaches taken by behavioral and social scientists in solving contemporary problems. 4 factors which have promoted utilization of the results of military psychology are discussed: organizational continuity, membership in the research and development community, comprehensiveness of individual projects, and concern about implementation. (35 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Humanistic psychology and positive psychology.

Comments on M. E. P. Seligman and M. Csikszentmihalyi's (see record 2000-13324-001) introduction to the special issue on positive psychology (American Psychologist, 2000[Jan], Vol 55[1]). The commenting authors wish that Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi had done a more scholarly job of investigating humanistic psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Community and psychology and community psychology.

Community psychology has become an increasingly active speciality with promise of providing a relevant link to current social issues. It's province and dimensions are not yet clear, however. A traditional antipathy toward field and community studies has fostered prejudice and misinformation about the nature of inquiry. The logic of research suggests a need for naturalistic studies, with an ecological orientation as an effective framework. The community is seen as a productive domain for the study of psychology. (28 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pakistan psychology.

The background from which psychology is emerging in Pakistan as a separate discipline, its major trends as a continuation of the traditions of Indian psychology are discussed, and lines of research and problems currently being faced by Pakistan psychologists are also indicated. Major sections are: Background of Pakistan Psychology, Current Trends (Psychology Laboratory in Pakistan, Professional Organization, Professional Journals, Recent Trends), and Future Prospects. "With the present rate of growth of psychology, coupled with an unusual enthusiasm among the younger generation of psychologists, there is great hope that Pakistan psychology will soon catch up with the current developments in other countries." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Unified psychology.

The authors describe an approach to psychology they refer to as unified psychology, which is the multiparadigmatic, multidisciplinary, and integrated study of psychological phenomena through converging operations. In this article, they unpack this definition and explore some of its implications. First, they review some previous efforts to conceive of a unified psychology and consider objections to such an undertaking. Second, they discuss the importance of converging operations for psychology. Third, they consider the need for multidisciplinary and integrated study of psychological phenomena that focuses on the phenomena rather than on particular lines of disciplinary inquiry. Fourth, they ponder the problem of investigators' becoming locked into a single paradigm with its attendant set of presuppositions about psychological theory and research. Fifth, they outline some possible objections to their proposal and respond to them. Finally, they discuss some implications of their views. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Counseling psychology.

"This paper is a proposal to establish counseling psychology as a functionally unique pattern of practice." Three hypotheses are proposed, one of which holds that "… counseling psychologists resemble industrial psychologists to a greater extent than they do psychotherapists." Eight points are made in summarizing "… a relatively unique pattern of function for the counseling psychologist. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gestalt psychology.

Elaborates on F. S. Freeman's (1977) correction of F. McKinney's (see record 1977-28569-001) account of the introduction of Gestalt psychology to America. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Marketing psychology.

Marketing psychology means learning more about consumers in order to (a) improve existing services, (b) develop new services, (c) educate the public about psychology, (d) improve training of psychologists, and (e) provide feedback to researchers. Psychologists must become more knowledgeable about the consumers of psychology: Ongoing research would complement other efforts to advance the profession and the public welfare. (11 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Community psychology.

Addresses issues stimulated by S. Lehmann's (see record 1972-03431-001) article on processes in community psychology, including zeitgeist, theory, research, community research, and training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cross-cultural psychology.

Cross-cultural psychologists have supplied information that can be integrated into regular psychology courses for undergraduates. References to this kind of information are provided, and methodological problems of cross-cultural research are discussed in terms of differing meanings of concepts, translation, and bias in the use of single research methods. The benefits and difficulties of cross-cultural research are examined in terms of theory expansion, study of the context in which behaviors occur, and the possibility of unconfounding research variables. Some of the contributions of this field to the study of perception, cognition, motivation, interpersonal interaction, and group dynamics are reviewed. Some applications of cross-cultural psychology to employee selection and appraisal, cross-cultural training, and psychopathology are mentioned. (113 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American psychology.

Contends that American psychology is the result of American history and ideology. As a consequence it represents doing, trial and error, prediction, and control rather than reflection, reasoning, and understanding or, in Piagetian terms, concrete rather than formal operations. It aims at laws and order and cannot tolerate uncertainty and relativity. The contradictions of the American way of life are reflected in the insistence of psychology on consistency and parsimony and its lack of both. This lack appears most clearly in the failure of American psychology to be applicable to psychologists and in its consequent dichotomy between principles applicable to the functioning of Es and of their Ss. The American feeling of superiority is mirrored in psychology's disregard of non-English language research publications. By being to such an extent an American product American psychology fails, in Piagetian terms, to be relative and thereby objective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introducing psychology.

Discusses personal beliefs about the teaching of introductory psychology, which is seen primarily as a part of a liberal arts education rather than as the 1st step in training for a professional career. In teaching this course, it is highly desirable to provide organic links between various parts of the subject matter as well as to other disciplines, thus creating an intellectual framework. Intellectual, social, moral, and emotional aspects of teaching introductory psychology are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Engendering psychology.

Engendering psychology refers to cultivating a psychology that is sensitive to issues of gender and diversity. The increase in the number of female psychologists does not guarantee that the discipline will be responsive to those issues. This article reviews the progress made in engendering psychology by examining undergraduate textbooks and classroom instruction and by looking at gender bias in both research and practice. By engendering psychology, it becomes a stronger science and profession and better serves the public interest. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Environmental psychology.

Comments on H. M. Proshansky's (see record 1976-21564-001) article on environmental psychology (EPSY) and proposes that EPSY involves the study of the individual interacting with the physical world, both natural and built. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sport psychology in the profession of psychology.

Historically, sport psychology has been identified with physical education; however, recent developments in the field toward applied issues have substantially expanded psychologists' interests and opportunities. Unfortunately, little is known about professional psychologists' involvement in sport psychology practice, research, and training. Therefore, a national survey of 500 male and 500 female psychologists (American Psychological Association Division 12 members) was conducted. Based on 489 responses, results indicated that psychologists (a) were uninvolved in sport psychology research and teaching and (b) had received minimal training or supervision in the field. Despite this absence of sport science training, many had consulted with (22%) or provided individual therapy to (48%) athletes or sport teams. Implications for psychology training and practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Toward an organizational psychology for organizational psychology.

Pursuit of the goal for organizational psychology postulated by M. D. Dunnette (1976) is viewed as being analogous to the task accomplishments by formal organizations. This perspective suggests that organizational psychologists might improve their collective effectiveness by applying the substance of organizational psychology to themselves. Six elements are considered: (a) domain and task requirements, (b) required diversity, (c) stimulus variability and search processes, (d) problem definition, (e) resource allocation, and (f) requirements for a self-designing system. Analysis of these dimensions suggests that many aspects of the structure of contemporary organizational psychology are in conflict with the achievement of Dunnette's goals. It is concluded that the way many current processes (e.g., searching for solutions and processes and defining problems) are managed by organizational psychologists stimulates closed-systems approaches for tasks that require creative, open-systems approaches. Potential benefits of an organizational psychology of organizational psychology are suggested. (33 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)