月季叶黄酮对自由基和亚硝酸盐的清除作用研究

以70%乙醇作为溶剂,采用微波法提取月季叶黄酮,研究了月季叶黄酮对羟自由基(·OH)、氧自由基(O2-·)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)以及亚硝酸盐的清除作用。结果表明,月季叶黄酮对羟自由基(·OH)、氧自由基(O2-·)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)以及亚硝酸盐均具有明显的清除作用,并具有一定的量效关系。通过与VC比较,发现月季叶黄酮对羟自由基和DPPH自由基的清除作用强于VC,对氧自由基和亚硝酸盐的清除作用弱于VC,而且浓度越大差异越小。     

超滤法浓缩富集牡蛎蛋白抗氧化活性肽

为研究牡蛎蛋白酶解产物中发挥抗氧化活性的肽片段,采用超滤的方法对其进行初步分离富集,测定了各级组分的体外抗氧化能力和氨基酸组成.结果表明:＜ 4000u超滤液对羟自由基、DPPH自由基和超氧自由基清除活性的IC50值分别为17.29、2.82、7.02mg/mL,对肝脂质过氧化抑制作用的IC50值为14.40mg/mL,均低于原液和其他超滤组分;＜ 4000u超滤液的还原力均高于同浓度的原液和其他超滤组分.经氨基酸分析,超滤后组氨酸、脯氨酸、甲硫氨酸、半胱氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸及苯丙氨酸的含量得到了富集.＜ 4000u的超滤液经凝胶层析后,活性部分主要集中在550～3890u.     

核桃粕固态发酵酱油的制备及抗氧化性分析

目的：以米曲霉为菌种制备核桃酱油,开发功能性酱油。方法：制备酱油基础上,利用高效液相色谱仪、全自动氨基酸分析仪和气相色谱仪测定酱油营养成分,使用超滤对10 kDa以下组分进行分离,然后测定核桃酱油组分中多肽含量、ABTS自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力及DPPH自由基清除能力。结果：核桃酱油中16种氨基酸总含量为4.86 g/100 g,不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸总量的82.84%。核桃酱油组分中多肽含量为6.804 g/100 mL,当多肽质量浓度为3.6 mg/mL时,核桃酱油组分ABTS自由基清除能力达到95.13%、羟自由基清除能力达到28.20%、DPPH自由基清除能力达到20.08%。结论：核桃酱油组分具有较高的抗氧化性,且其抗氧化能力与多肽含量有关。     

零余子皂甙的抗氧化特性研究

目的:研究零余子皂甙对DPPH、羟自由基、超氧自由基清除作用以及零余子皂甙的TEAC值。方法:分别采用DPPH、ABTS、Fe2 -H2O2和邻苯三酚自氧化法进行零余子皂甙的抗氧化作用。结论:零余子皂甙对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧自由基、ABTS自由基均有较好的抑制效果,其中对DPPH自由基清除作用随着皂甙浓度的增加而下降,对超氧自由基清除率达到50%的零余子皂甙浓度为60.34mg/L,其总体抗氧化值即TEAC值随着皂甙的浓度的增加而增加,二者具有剂量效应关系。     

甘薯蛋白多肽的自由基清除活性研究

提取甘薯SL-19与豫-13水溶性蛋白,使用木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶对蛋白进行酶切,以酶切产物多肽对DPPH自由基,超氧自由基和羟自由基的清除能力为指标,比较并确定不同品种甘薯蛋白多肽的最佳抗氧化条件.结果发现甘薯SL-19与豫-13蛋白多肽均对三种自由基具有较高的清除活性;但是,针对不同的自由基,甘薯SL-19与豫-13蛋白多肽的清除率各不相同.     

欧李仁多肽抗氧化作用的研究

目的:研究欧李仁多肽的抗氧化作用。方法:以欧李仁多肽对DPPH.自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力以及对小鼠体内血清及肝脏中SOD、GSH-PX酶活力和MDA含量的影响来确定欧李仁蛋白多肽的抗氧化能力。结果:欧李仁多肽对DPPH.自由基有显著的清除能力,其IC50值为2.69mg/mL;欧李仁多肽还具有明显的清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的作用,其IC50值分别为6.52mg/mL和7.19mg/mL。欧李仁多肽还可显著提高小鼠血清和肝脏中SOD、GSH-PX酶的活力,显著降低小鼠体内MDA的含量。结论:欧李仁多肽具有较好的抗氧化作用。     

荞麦新芽蔬菜提取物的抗氧化作用研究

以荞麦新芽蔬菜为研究对象,利用比色法和发光化学法测定了荞麦新芽蔬菜提取物对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基及超氧自由基的清除效果.结果表明,荞麦新芽蔬菜提取物对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基具有很强清除作用,而对超氧自由基的清除能力较弱.其清除DpPH的IC50值为0.064mg/mL,当荞麦新芽蔬菜乙醇提取物浓度为0.15mg/mL时,羟自由基清除率达57.65%.     

保加利亚乳杆菌发酵乳清的抗氧化性研究

通过控制初始发酵条件:pH6.0、发酵温度39℃,可以提高发酵乳清清除羟基自由基和DPPH.的能力。在发酵20h内,随着乳清蛋白水解度的增加,发酵乳清清除羟自由基和DPPH.的能力也随之增大,在发酵20h时达到最大,分别为48.06%和73.52%,发酵乳清清除羟自由基和DPPH.的能力与未发酵乳清相比分别提高了22.73%和46.09%,与保加利亚乳杆菌菌体相比分别提高了23.75%和40.63%。探讨了蛋白水解度和保加利亚乳杆菌活菌数和抗氧化活性之间的关系。20h后,发酵液自由基清除能力与水解度之间没有正相关性,因此不能采用蛋白水解度作为评价发酵乳清抗氧化性的指标。本研究对可能影响保加利亚乳杆菌发酵乳清抗氧化性的因素进行探讨,为开发功能性乳清产品奠定了理论和实践基础。     

红苋菜提取物抗氧化活性的研究

研究红苋菜不同部位提取物的抗氧化活性。用75%的乙醇溶液,分别对红苋菜的根、茎、叶3个部位进行超声浸提,进一步评价各提取物清除超氧自由基、清除DPPH自由基、清除羟自由基、总抗氧化力与还原力。结果发现,叶部位提取物对超氧自由基清除、DPPH自由基清除和总抗氧化力最强;而茎部提取物清除羟自由基能力最强。红苋菜具有较好的抗氧化活性,其中活性较强的部位为叶。     

桦树酒体外抗氧化能力的研究

采用DPPH、抑制羟自由基能力和抑制超氧阴离子能力等方法对桦树酒的体外抗氧化能力进行了分析。结果表明,桦树酒清除DPPH自由基及抑制羟自由基的能力明显高于桦树汁(P0.05),其中,DPPH自由基清除能力提高了1倍,羟自由基抑制力比对照组提高了近10倍,但两者抑制超氧自由基能力差异不显著。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the