老年公寓热舒适评价标准现状调研研究

目前,我国逐步迈入老龄化社会,养老问题成为人们关注的热点问题。老年公寓作为社会机构养老模式之一,其独特的属性和定位受到人们的喜爱,老年公寓成为目前最受欢迎的养老模式之一。但关于老年公寓室内物理环境的研究并没有达到一定的深度,有关老年公寓热舒适评价的标准缺乏对老年人的关注。通过对国内外热舒适评价标准进行调研,找到现阶段关于老年公寓热舒适评价标准中存在的不同之处,为以后标准的制定和老年公寓的设计提供一定的借鉴。     

基于不同建设阶段的夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑节能率比较分析

结合浙江省建筑节能示范工程“景上公寓”项目的实践,应用PBECA节能计算软件,对示范工程代表建筑进行节能计算和评价。通过对设计阶段和验收阶段基于节能材料不同热工性能的实际计算结果,并结合现场实体检测结果,综合分析住宅建筑在项目建设不同阶段的节能效果和节能率,对现阶段杭州地区住宅建筑节能提出建议。     

"锋尚"现象引发的思考

结合人类舒适居住的需要分析了北京锋尚国际公寓中应用的节能环保技术,探讨了城市住宅中高舒适度低能耗的技术设计倾向,并指出作为一种有益的尝试,它将是未来中国住宅领域发展的必然方向。     

Comparison of strategies to improve indoor air quality at the pre-occupancy stage in new apartment buildings

Indoor air quality of new apartment buildings, which is known to cause Sick Housing Syndrome, has become a major concern among apartment residents as well as construction companies in Korea. Recently, the Indoor Air Quality Management Act, a regulation that limits concentration levels of formaldehyde and five volatile organic compounds in new apartment buildings, has been implemented. In this study, the effects of ventilation and decomposing agents were investigated and compared, which could be used at the pre-occupancy stage as solutions to high VOCs concentration levels in new apartment buildings. Six housing units were investigated under different conditions to assess the extent of the improvement in indoor air quality. The results demonstrate that ventilation is an effective way to control indoor air pollution caused by VOCs emissions, and the effect of decomposing agents on improving indoor air quality depends on the types of VOCs.     

夏热冬冷地区居住建筑的节能技术应用研究——浙江省建筑节能示范工程“景上公寓”实践

本文结合浙江省建筑节能示范工程"景上公寓"项目的实践,对夏热冬冷地区居住建筑的节能设计和节能工程实施展开了研究.首先采用PBECA建筑节能计算软件对示范工程进行了节能计算和节能综合评估,得出了示范工程在不同阶段的节能效果对比.而后创新地在同一项目中应用多种外墙节能技术体系并进行了比较研究,对居住建筑65%节能设计标准进行了探索研究,分别在夏季和冬季进行围护结构传热系数的现场检测,还开展了外遮阳系统和太阳能热水系统的试点工作.最后根据示范工程的应用实践,对围护结构节能技术进行了对比分析,对当前节能计算软件存在的问题予以关注,并进一步提出了适合现阶段杭州地区居住建筑围护结构的成套节能技术体系建议.     

杭州大学毕业生人才公寓设计初探

大学生人才公寓是国内近年发展起来的新建筑类型,是政府廉租房的一种具体形式.该文主要从总体规划和单体设计两方面,阐述了杭州大学毕业生人才公寓的设计过程,提出大学生人才公寓的规划设计应充分考虑年轻创业者的生活本质,提倡开放、交流、活力的新居住精神.     

The physical environment in museums and its effects on visitors’ satisfaction

In this study, a comprehensive inquiry has been made into what effect the physical environment of museums has had upon visitors’ satisfaction. Thirty museums mainly located in Seoul, South Korea, and the vicinity were selected for this study. A total of 760 visitors were asked to complete a questionnaire. The data gathered from the questionnaire survey and by observation of the participants were analyzed by factor analysis, regression analysis and path analysis. The results are as follows: (1) Using factor analysis, the physical characteristics of the museum environment were categorized into three subgroups such as the exhibition environment, the ambient environment and museum size. (2) Among these factors, the exhibition environment was the main factor that had the biggest effect on satisfaction. (3) The ambient environment had an indirect effect on satisfaction, but it did not have a pronounced effect. (4) The size of the museum had a slight direct effect on satisfaction, but its effect was mainly on the mental and physical fatigue felt by the visitors.     

全程构思打造精品--漫话王子公寓

王子公寓位于上海虹桥开发区,建成于1997年,该地块规模不大、地形不规则,开发者从产品定位和产品开发入手,定位于欧式风格的高档楼公寓,本着以人为本优化细节、优质施工管理的理念,打造出精品楼盘,使王子公寓获得上海市建设工程质量最高奖--白玉兰奖.     

高舒适度低能耗健康建筑构造与施工

锋尚国际公寓是我国首例大面积应用高舒适度低能耗健康建筑技术设计与施工的高档公寓建筑。该工程研究开发应用了天棚低温采暖制冷系统＋置换新风系统施工技术,其主要配套技术包括干挂饰面砖幕墙聚苯复合外墙外保温系统、屋面及地下保温系统和外窗及遮阳系统施工技术;辅助配套技术包括防噪声系统、中央吸尘与垃圾处理系统、水处理系统和建筑智能化系统施工技术。上述技术的应用最大限度地降低了能耗,在不使用传统空调暖气的前提下,提供了健康舒适的居住环境。     

夏热冬冷地区居住建筑节能65%的探讨——以杭州市"景上公寓"建筑节能示范项目为例

实施节能65%是夏热冬冷地区居住建筑下一步节能工作的重点.结合杭州"景上公寓"节能示范工程,探讨了该地区居住建筑实施节能65%标准的可行性.通过CHEC节能计算软件对示范工程进行节能计算,从而对节能率、围护结构节能要求和标准进行了分析;同时,根据夏热冬冷地区的气候特点,结合示范工程的实际情况,进一步对杭州地区居住建筑节能设计的相关问题进行了探讨.     

长租公寓居住满意度影响因素及对策研究——以武汉市为例

利用问卷调查数据，运用多元线性回归方法，对当前武汉市长租公寓居住满意度影响因素进行分析。研究结果显示:武汉市住户的满意度总体上较高，建筑特征、区位环境、物业管理、社区运营、性价感知和企业形象6个因素都对长租公寓居住满意度有显著的正影响，其中，性价感知是最重要的影响因素，企业形象次之，其他因素影响较小。针对这一分析结论提出了完善产品组合、深化政企合作、加大宣传力度等对策。     

孝义市梧桐酒店式公寓建筑设计研究

简要阐述了酒店式公寓的由来及发展,以孝义市梧桐新区青年创业服务中心为例,从几方面入手,探讨了酒店式公寓在特定地段、特定环境中的建筑设计特色,为今后酒店式公寓的设计指明了方向。     

The Danish Twin Apartment Study; Part I: Formaldehyde and Long-Term VOC Measurements

Field measurements of 21 volatile organic compounds (VOC) using diffusive samplers, formaldehyde, temperature, and humidity were performed from the time of building completion throughout the following one-year period in two new semi-detached twin apartments. One of these was occupied after six weeks. Headspace analyses from all building materials and products showed 120 different VOC. Formaldehyde concentrations were strongly seasonally dependent in the vacant apartment and increased to above 400 μg/m³ during the warm season. The formaldehyde concentration generally decreased in the occupied apartment but increased again during the fall season. VOC originating from building materials generally showed a decrease in emission, but strong seasonal variations were observed. It was shown that human activity introduces several VOC to the indoor environment. Storage of motorcycle parts in the crawl space of the occupied apartment resulted in migration and an infiltration of benzene and toluene into the apartment above and probably to a delayed peak concentration in the twin vacant apartment. Similarly, large VOC increases in one apartment were reflected by a later increase of the same VOC in the twin apartment. Hexanal increased during the warm season. TVOC, as the sum of 21 VOC, was generally approximately 50 % higher in the occupied apartment during the cold season. The results indicate the difficulties in interpreting long-term measurements. The “flushing period” recommended for this type of building has been estimated to be about 130 days.     

靖江老年公寓平屋面防水及构造的改进

以靖江老年公寓平屋面防水工程为例，从屋面排水坡度、卷材防水屋面构造层次、屋面温度变形等方面，介绍了该公寓屋面防水及构造的具体做法，工程交付使用至今未发生任何渗漏现象，为类似工程施工积累了经验。     

Spatial adaptability and flexibility as parameters of user satisfaction for quality housing

Residential satisfaction on dwelling space is the function of three groups of variables. These are user characteristics, physical attributes of a space, and beliefs and perception of the user about the experienced space. This article intends to focus on the evaluation of the ‘dwelling space’ in terms of residential satisfaction of the occupants. Level of residential satisfaction gradually decreases by the time with the changing spatial needs of occupants. Users achieve satisfaction by changing the physical characteristics of their environments to create more adaptable and flexible spaces. Adaptability and flexibility are quality characteristics of a space. In this study, they are studied in terms of size, space organization, and changes and alterations on physical attributes. This study presents the results of a comparative analysis of four 2-bedroom type apartment units, having different plan organizations and physical attributes. Factors of spatial satisfaction due to size and physical characteristics of dwelling spaces after alterations were investigated. Comparisons were made to find out the potential plan types for future alterations for residential satisfaction. This study is based on the data of a comprehensive post-occupancy evaluation of 16–20 year old housing settlement in Istanbul, Ataköy.     

Study on outdoor thermal environment of apartment block in Shenzhen,China with coupled simulation of convection,radiation and conduction

Shenzhen City in China is developing rapidly now. Correspondingly, deterioration of the outdoor environment in phenomena such as heat island has become a serious problem. This aggravation of the thermal environment has spoiled urban sustainability. In this paper, (1) in order to predict the outdoors thermal environment in summer in an apartment block, unsteady coupled simulation of convection, radiation, and conduction is developed and used. The velocity, temperature, humidity, and MRT in the urban area are obtained from the simulation. In order to estimate the pedestrian level of thermal comfort in the outdoor thermal environment, the spatial distributions of New Standard Effective Temperature (SET¹) is calculated using the above results. (2) The actual situation of the outdoors thermal environment in summer in an apartment block in Shenzhen City is investigated by field measurements. (3) The effect of schemes to improve the outdoor thermal environment in this apartment block, such as changing building shapes, planting arrangements, etc. are examined using this prediction method.     

Trade-off relationship between public transportation accessibility and household economy: Analysis of subway access values by housing size

This study examines whether different income groups have different trade-off preferences between public transportation accessibility and income and economic power. In this study, apartments, the most typical housing type in Seoul, were categorized according to size (small, medium, and large) based on the premise that apartment size is a measure of the economic status of an individual or household. Subsequently, the effect of subway accessibility on apartment prices for the three types of apartments was examined through the conventional hedonic price model and the spatial autoregressive combined model, followed by an investigation of the spatial patterns of the effect with a focus on a geographically weighted regression. As a result, this study finds that, although subway accessibility serves as a positive factor in housing location decisions for most socioeconomic classes, the positive effect is not spatially unanimous, indicating that households with relatively robust economic stability preferred housing locations further away from subway stations in pursuit of a more attractive residential environment. Although high-income households trade greater accessibility to public transportation for a more attractive neighborhood environment, middle-income households more actively pursued convenience and the greenness of their neighborhoods. Households with less economic stability preferred neighborhoods featuring relatively low-cost housing and greater accessibility. These results confirm the prevalence of trade-off between public transportation accessibility and housing size in Seoul, Korea. This also verifies that the spatial division along economic class lines is intensifying, and that perspectives on subway accessibility vary depending on consumers' economic status. The results suggest the need for consumer-tailored public transportation policies that consider the residential location patterns of the socioeconomic classes that are dependent on public transportation. This perspective can improve our understanding of how to distribute mass transportation systems spaces in large cities, particularly where the wealth gap is relatively high.     

A study on building sustainable communities in high-rise and high-density apartments – Focused on living program

The purpose of this study is to suggest a conceptual model for sustainable communities, considering sustainable development and placemaking perspectives of community building in Korean apartment complexes. This study then verifies the validity of the model as an action plan. Based on a review of literature at home and abroad, the model was conceptualized on the structure of living programs and physical and social settings for sustainable communities in Korean apartment complexes. The living program, which connects physical and social settings, consists of four action subjects: Activation of community spaces, activation of community programs, activation of participation, and activation of ecological living and design. This model demonstrates that a living program will increase resident satisfaction and result in a sustainable community. Three subjects out of the four suggested in the living program of the model were empirically tested based on previous research data. According to the correlation analysis between living programs and residential satisfaction, when residents are satisfied with community spaces, programs, and participation in the community, overall residential satisfaction rises. Accordingly, the living program of the conceptual model plays a meaningful role in developing sustainable communities in Korean apartment complexes.     

Simulation of hybrid ground-coupled heat pump with domestic hot water heating systems using HVACSIM+

A hybrid ground-coupled heat pump (HGCHP) with domestic hot water (DHW) supply system has been proposed in this paper for space cooling/heating and DHW supply for residential buildings in hot-climate areas. A simulation model for this hybrid system is established within the HVACSIM+ environment. A sample system, applied for a small residential apartment located in Hong Kong, is hourly simulated in a typical meteorological year. The conventional GCHP system and an electric heater for DHW supply are also modeled and simulated on an hourly basis within the HVACSIM+ for comparison purpose. The results obtained from this case study show that the HGCHP system can effectively alleviate the imbalanced loads of the ground heat exchanger (GHE) and can offer almost 95% DHW demand. The energy saving for DHW heating is about 70% compared with an electric heater. This proposed scheme, i.e. the HGCHP with DHW supply, is suitable to residential buildings in hot-climate areas, such as in Hong Kong.     

A survey of decorative materials on the energy consumption of mid-rise residential buildings in Mashad, Iran

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) panel is one of the most favorite decorative materials that has been popularly applied as finishing of ceiling in residential buildings. It is about five years that the people incline to redecorate the ceiling of old buildings with PVC panel in big cities of Iran, such as Mashad. In this study, the influence of ceiling PVC panel on the cooling and heating loads of studied apartment were determined by software DeST-h. In addition, the summer natural ventilation of the mentioned apartment is investigated by determining the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The evaluation of environment indoor wind velocity showed that most of the apartment space is a comfortable zone. The results of studied building analyses demonstrated that using PVC panel on the ceiling can decline the energy consumption of the penthouse (fifth level) of the investigated building, which is about 3.7% and 7% for studied methods of without and with air layer, respectively. In addition, although the existence of air layer can decline the cooling and heating loads, the increase in air layer thickness did not show significant decrease on building energy consumption. However, the PVC panel is expensive and is not suitable to be used for ceiling thermal insulation, but adding a thin layer of air between ceiling and PVC panel can be a good step toward sustainable building, when the people are inclined to utilize it as a decorative ceiling.