Study on Community Ecological Security

This paper argues that community ecological security(CES) includes personal security, public safety and humanistic ecological security. The personal security is to protect the resident's life and physical health, public safety means that the residents don't suffer from physical damages or property damages in daily life, and humanistic ecological security is interpreted as that ideas of harmony, fairness, balance implied in ecology are used to coordinate the social relations of settlements, alleviate the increasingly serious social problems of residential space differentiation. In light of serious community ecological safety issues in China, the corresponding measures are pointed out: road system of "separating people and vehicles"; consideration of disaster prevention and mitigation in residential space design; the community construction from culture, environment, management and service; response to the residential space differentiation.     

Contribution of City Prosperity to Decisions on Healthy Building Design:A cases tudy of Tehran

In this paper,the city prosperity manifest is analyzed through a logical process and a framework is then proposed for designing healthy buildings in Tehran. The current status of urbanization in terms of the number of people living together and the changes in old behavior and perspectives have resulted in deficiencies to the health and hygiene of buildings apart from their surrounding environment. Consequently,these problems have affected people's well-being.This study mainly aims to determine policies and strategies for the architecturaldesign of healthy buildings according to health and safety conditions that influence the quality of internal spaces and external environment of cities.The study is conducted based on logical reasoning and uses focus group and in-depth interviews to assess the final result. The result is aframework that suggests a number of policies that can promote the mental and physical health as well as hygiene of residents through healthy buildings.     

Assessing safety measures in residential buildings in Saudi Arabia

The incidence rate of fire in residential buildings in Saudi Arabia accounts for 69% of all building fires. A field assessment of current safety issues for residential buildings in Saudi Arabia is used to identify common safety deficiencies. The survey showed that most residents are ignorant many safety aspects in their homes. A safety audit checklist for assessing the effectiveness of safety measures in existing residential buildings is also presented. Based on these findings, a number of strategies for designers, local authorities, building owners and residents is suggested.     

Assessing safety measures in residential buildings in Saudi Arabia

The incidence rate of fire in residential buildings in Saudi Arabia accounts for 69% of all building fires. A field assessment of current safety issues for residential buildings in Saudi Arabia is used to identify common safety deficiencies. The survey showed that most residents are ignorant many safety aspects in their homes. A safety audit checklist for assessing the effectiveness of safety measures in existing residential buildings is also presented. Based on these findings, a number of strategies for designers, local authorities, building owners and residents is suggested.     

The Value of the Sense of Community and Neighbouring

Today, urbanites are less involved in local communities which has resulted in a claim that the significance of local communities and the role of space and neighbourhood layout in the creation of local communities has been exaggerated. Such claims imply that feeling a sense of community among neighbourhood’s residents or an attachment to the community is not a value to the neighbourhood. Community research has developed a few indices for evaluating the sense of community and community attachment, but has not focused on the significance of a sense of community in neighbourhoods. The aim of this paper is to explore and review the significance of the sense of community, community attachment and neighbouring in the context of neighbourhoods. This review suggests that feeling a sense of community, attachment to community and neighbouring relationships can increase the feeling of safety and security, residential satisfaction, community identity, civic participation and mental health and well-being.     

基于模糊综合评价的住区可步行性测度方法及发展策略研究 ——以重庆典型住区为例

当前的住区规划以机动交通为导向,普遍存在着步行网络支离破碎、步行环境逐渐恶化、步行安全日益凸显等问题。而住区作为居民生活的主要场所,其可步行性水平的提高对减少环境污染、提升住区活力、改善居民健康状况等方面具有积极意义。本文以文献综述为基础,总结了影响可步行性的关键因素,剖析了既有可步行性测度方法存在的问题;通过德尔菲法及现场调研确定可步行性测度指标体系,并运用层次分析法明确指标体系权重向量,进而通过模糊综合评价建立住区可步行性测度方法;最后,以重庆典型住区对该方法进行应用,并根据测度结果提出了提高住区可步行性的策略。     

国内外住区空间环境对居民健康影响研究综述

住区作为城市基本单元,良好的规划建设在改善人居环境和引导居民的健康生活习惯上具有基石作用,为深入解析住区外部空间环境对居民的健康影响,促进公众健康,追踪梳理了国内外相关主题文献,辨析了住区空间对居民健康影响的要素系统和影响路径,归纳了用地与设施、空间形态、交通与街道、绿色空间四类空间要素对居民健康的影响,发现相关健康影响并非仅是简单的正负线性相关,还存在显著的地域差异、多因素影响特征和阈值非线性相关性,进而探讨了相关研究的结论与方法在住区规划建设过程中的运用。     

Thermal comfort study of Kerala traditional residential buildings based on questionnaire survey among occupants of traditional and modern buildings

Thermal comfort studies on traditional residential buildings of Kerala that is known for its use of natural and passive methods for a comfortable indoor environment, are under progress. Scientific analyses of the environmental parameters determining thermal comfort have already been reported. Similar studies on modern residential buildings are underway. In order to compare the results of the scientific analysis with the user responses from the residents of traditional as well as modern residential buildings, a questionnaire survey was conducted during various seasons such as winter, summer and monsoon. A questionnaire was prepared in detail to understand the effect of factors which affect thermal comfort such as temperature, humidity and air flow in the evaluation of thermal comfort. This paper is based on the compilation of responses from the conducted survey. A comparison of the study results with that of scientific analysis already reported is also incorporated at the end of this paper. This study further confirms that Kerala traditional residential buildings are very effective in providing comfortable indoor environment irrespective of various seasons.     

创造“以人为本”的居住环境

介绍了居住环境是人类最重要的生态空间,从居住空间设计、住宅环境设计、居住区规划几方面进行了阐述,提出新建居住区和改建居住区要为居民创造一个利于健康、方便生活的环境,同时要科学运用绿化、装修,形成良好的小康型住宅环境,以满足居民的居住性、舒适性、安全性等需求。     

住宅建筑入口安全设计探讨

建筑入口作为建筑室内外环境和空间的联系纽带,其安全设计十分重要,尤其是现代住宅建筑,住户众多、户型多样、对安全设计的要求更加细致。本文从空间尺度、门窗设置、交通组织、安全疏散、安全防卫、信报管理、室内装饰、特殊人群的安全设计等方面探讨了住宅建筑入口安全设计的策略和方法,为今后的建筑设计活动提供参考和借鉴。     

夏热冬冷地区城市既有住宅适宜性节能改造措施研究——以杭州市米市社区2号住宅楼为例

该文以杭州市米市社区试点住宅2号楼为例,分析了夏热冬冷地区城市住宅节能改造的方法论及基于适宜性原则的技术措施,利用动态能耗模拟研究不同技术组合的节能效果,利用AHP方法研究了居民及社区的决策意见,结合能耗模拟计算结果优化最终方案,从实测、热工软件模拟、居民调查、经济性评价四个角度分析改造结果,结果显示,通过适宜性技术的节能改造,可有效提高建筑热工性能,提高居住舒适度,并对城市低碳减排工作有很大贡献。     

居住区室外照明的安全性探析

人工照明对于居住区室外环境的安全性有着重要而特殊的意义：一方面满足居民日常生活使用中对导向性、安全性等的要求;另一方面烘托住区良好的环境氛围,满足居民心理方面对居住区安全感、归属感、舒适感等的需求。该文探讨如何通过居住区室外照明设计来解决一些居住区室外环境的安全性问题。     

栖霞山风景区生态安全研究

应用压力-状态-响应（P-S-R）模型构建栖霞山风景区生态安全评价的理论框架,根据栖霞山风景区生态环境特点,按照层次分析法构建由32个指标组成的生态安全评价指标体系,并将评价数据进行标准化处理得到ESI（风景区生态安全度）＝3.0998的结果。研究表明：栖霞山风景区的生态虽然处在比较安全的状态,但也存在生态用地递减、空气污染压力和土壤环境恶化等隐患。     

Environmental,health and safety concerns of decorative mouldings made of expanded polystyrene in buildings

Decorative tiles and mouldings made of polymeric foams are getting more popular in buildings. There are health, safety and environmental concerns on these products and their use in the buildings. In this paper, we report the results of the study and discuss about concerns of decorative mouldings made of expanded polystyrene (EPS). Physical damage to the structure of the building, potential harms to residents and health hazards were found as main concerns in this regard. The use of decorative mouldings made of EPS in the buildings is the subject to some considerations. The climate conditions play significant role in the feasibility of usage of decorative mouldings in the buildings. Although these products may add some aesthetic effects to the building's exterior view, the observations and results of this study do not support the use of the products in the buildings. Decorative mouldings bring significant safety and health risks, and it is recommended that for usage in buildings, particularly residential ones, the decorative moulding to be made of non-flammable light-weight materials or to be completely excluded from the buildings.     

变有形防御为无形防御——城市门禁住区的思考

通过对当前门禁住区出现安全问题的思考,从分析门禁住区演变历程及其防御特点入手,指出应该优化居住环境,使之达到无形防御的境界,才能有效解决居住的安全问题,并针对现阶段出现的居住空间分异导致低收入者就业难问题,尝试用生态学里的生态位现象来予以解释,提出只有通过政府来倡导小同质大复合的居住方式,实现不同收入者共同发展,才能从源头上减少住区安全问题。     

乡村社区环境健康评价指标研究

结合辽宁省丹东市凤城大梨树社区建设实际,从社区管理、规划建设及社区居民几方面入手进行了深入调研,以人居环境、社会发展、生态资源、环境整治、安全防灾等五个方面为切入点,对乡村社区环境健康指标展开讨论,并给出了详细的评价指标解读。     

地震灾后重建中的人居环境规划设计探讨

本文就人居环境进行了概述,提出了地震灾后重建中的人居环境规划设计。以期能不断提高地震灾后重建房屋建筑的稳定性和安全性,确保地震居民的生命安全。     

Rental price and sustainability ratings: which sustainability criteria are really paying back?

Given the centrality of the price mechanism to resource allocation in market economies, the effect of sustainable construction on real estate prices has become an increasingly important empirical issue for market participants and policy makers in the real estate sector. Drawing upon a sample of approximately 2500 residential building units in Switzerland, this study assesses the effects of buildings’ sustainability on their rental prices. In contrast to the vast majority of previous studies that have focused on the price effects of eco-labels, this study investigates the effects of individual sustainability attributes. Overall, we find a positive relationship between the environmental performance of residential buildings and their rental levels. Sustainable building characteristics, especially those which enhance the water efficiency, the health and comfort level and the building’s safety and security, have significant positive price effects. It is argued that the unexpected negative relationship between energy performance and rental prices is attributed to the bundling of energy costs and rents in Swiss lease structures.     

Indoor air environment of residential buildings in Dalian,China

In recent years, more and more people have started to recognize the importance of indoor air environment. In order to obtain the comprehensive knowledge about the indoor environment situation and find out the main source of indoor air pollution, 550 residents living in different buildings/apartments were subjected to a questionnaire survey and field measurements were conducted in 30 of these buildings/apartments in Dalian from January to February 2002. From the questionnaire survey and field measurements, we found that many residential buildings had good outdoor surroundings. Dust and automobile emissions are main sources of outdoor air pollution. Though air tightness of these buildings is fairly good, outdoor air quality still has great impact on indoor air environment. The most serious indoor air pollutant is formaldehyde which is mainly caused by decoration.     

改善生态住宅声环境的设计措施浅析

声环境是居住环境的重要组成部分,生态住宅设计导则中,对建筑室内外声环境提出了较高标准.针对影响建筑声环境的各方面因素,提出了降低建筑室内噪声、改善住宅声环境的建筑设计措施.