User problems with individual temperature control in offices

Individual thermal control is important for handling personal differences in thermal preference. Several studies have shown that comfort, health and productivity in offices can be improved by individual thermal control. Local controls for temperature are commonly available in modern office buildings. However, office occupants are often still dissatisfied with the thermal environment and their control options. In this study we used contextual techniques to gain an understanding of the user problems with individual temperature control. A total of 27 office occupants in 13 Finnish buildings were interviewed in their offices. They were asked to show and tell us how they use the controls. The results show that the temperature controls were often not used in thermal discomfort. A diversity of problems with individual temperature control was identified and are listed with proposed solutions. The main reason for the many of the problems is that systems are planned and constructed without a realistic view of their users, and end users are presumed to have knowledge they don’t have. The users should be studied and more effort should be put into user interface development.     

How people use thermostats in homes: A review

Residential thermostats control a substantial portion of both fuel and electrical energy—9% of the total energy consumption in the U.S. Consumers install programmable thermostats to save energy, yet numerous recent studies found that homes with programmable thermostats can use more energy than those controlled manually depending on how—or if—they are used. At the same time, thermostats are undergoing a dramatic increase in capability and features, including control of ventilation, responding to electricity price signals, and interacting with a home area network. These issues warrant a review of the current state of thermostats, evaluating their effectiveness in providing thermal comfort and energy savings, and identifying areas for further improvement or research.     

Usability of residential thermostats: Preliminary investigations

Residential thermostats control 9% of the total energy use in the United States and similar amounts in most developed countries; however, the details of how people use them have been largely ignored. Five parallel investigations related to the usability of residential thermostats were undertaken. No single investigation was representative of the whole population, but each gave insights into different groups or usage patterns.     

智能建筑系统集成与工程设计——智能建筑学术讨论系列文章之八

讨论了智能建筑系统集成，包括其网络互联，通信协议，以及工程实施等，并对工程设计中的若干具体问题提出了笔者的看法与建议。     

Task completion competency and project management performance: The influence of control and user contribution

Recent research examines the relationship between competency and success in the information systems project environment. The links, however, are not well established and the antecedents of competency not well explored. We model the link between general task completion competency and performance of development teams with two crucial antecedents built by other stakeholders, the contribution of users and controls established by management. A sample of information systems professionals confirms the model and places a focus on the competencies of the professionals involved in a development. Management must be aware of team level controls and the competencies within a team and not focus on the individual members of a system development team.     

论太阳能建筑一体化设计

太阳能建筑一体化设计,已引起了世界各国的普遍重视。本文针对我国目前太阳能在建筑上利用的现状,分析了太阳能建筑一体化设计所包含的内容和提出推广建议。     

谈建筑工程的质量管理与控制

在对建筑工程质量管理的特性和建筑企业外部环境进行综合分析的基础上,结合建筑工程质量管理案例,提出了建筑工程质量管理与控制的对策措施,对提高建筑工程的质量具有重要意义。     

Shading and lighting operation in office buildings in Austria: A study of user control behavior

Occupants of buildings typically operate devices such as windows, shades, luminaires, radiators, and fans to bring about desirable indoor environmental conditions. These control actions can have a significant impact on buildings’ performance (energy use, indoor climate). A better understanding of control-oriented user behavior can not only facilitate more accurate predictions of buildings’ performance, but also support the effective operation of buildings’ service systems. This paper describes a study of control-oriented user behavior (as related to systems for lighting and shading) in three office buildings in Austria. The results specifically shed light on the relationships between control actions and environmental conditions inside and outside buildings.     

高层建筑施工的控制要点

根据高层建筑工程在施工质量及安全等方面的特殊性,结合实际经验,阐述了高层建筑的强度控制、垂直度控制、轴线控制及标高线控制的技术要点,从设计与施工的角度提出了建筑裂缝的控制措施.     

建筑工程造价的控制与管理

从建筑工程决策、设计、招投标、施工四个阶段出发,阐述了工程成本控制管理的必要性,同时对工程各阶段存在的造价控制问题进行了探讨,提出了一些改进建议,促使建筑工程造价的控制与管理更加科学、有效。     

大型医院住院楼综合效率评价与应用初探

本文主要从建筑学的角度提出大型医院住院楼综合效率的概念,分析与总结影响医院住院楼综合效率的4个"准则层"和13个"子准则层"要素,确定各要素对于医院住院楼综合效率的权重指标,并建立相应的数学分析模型和系统的评价体系。     

浅谈建筑工程质量控制

随着建筑工程行业竞争的不断加剧,大型建筑工程企业间并购整合与资本运作日趋频繁,对建筑工程质量的要求也越来越高,也正因为如此,才格外凸显了建筑工程施工质量控制的重要性。质量控制是以达到质量要求,获取经济效益,而采用的各种质量作业技术和活动。在企业管理领域,质量控制活动主要是企业内部的生产现场管理,它与有否合同无关,是指为达到和保持质量而进行控制的技术措施和管理措施方面的活动。其中,质量检验从属于质量控制,是质量控制的重要活动之一。     

谈民用建筑工程中的成本管理及控制

分析了民用建筑工程中成本管理与控制的现状,结合成本控制理论知识,研究了成本控制中存在的问题,并对成本控制的方法进行了详细探讨,以寻求一种更加科学的、可行的新型方式进行成本管理与控制。     

建筑工程造价控制现状及问题分析

论述了我国建筑工程造价控制的现状和主要存在的问题,并提出了加强建筑工程造价控制的对策及建议,以提高建设工程项目造价控制的水平,使企业获得更为长远的效益。     

Predictive control techniques for energy and indoor environmental quality management in buildings

The aim of the present paper is to present a model-based predictive controller, combined with a Building Energy Management System (BEMS). The overall system predicts the indoor environmental conditions of a specific building and selects the most appropriate actions so as to reach the set points and contribute to the indoor environmental quality by minimizing energy costs. The controller is tested using a BEMS installation in Hania, Crete, Greece.     

Application of an energy management and control system to assess the potential of different control strategies in HVAC systems

The significant and continuous increment in the global electricity consumption is asking for energy saving strategies. Efficient control for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems (HVAC) is the most cost-effective way to minimize the use of energy in buildings. In this framework, an energy management and control system (EMCS) has been developed to schedule electricity end-uses in the campus of the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Spain. This paper presents an evaluation performed by using the EMCS of different control strategies for HVAC split systems. It analyzed the effect of different schedules for a common air-conditioning device and demand response strategies are tested in several situations. The economic saving is calculated taking into account the electricity contract clauses. Finally, a test is made for the control of a group of similar devices in order to reduce the maximum peak power in consumption and to obtain a flexible load shape with the HVAC loads. The studies are then extrapolated to a larger system, the whole University campus, for which energy and economic savings are quantified.     

论安装工程造价控制

从几个方面对建筑安装工程造价管理进行了分析,指出建筑安装工程的造价管理是整个建筑安装工程管理的重要组成部分,要保证工程的顺利实施,就必须从各方面着手,切实解决工程的造价管理问题。     

黄骅港管控一体化办公楼设计

随着网络的高度发展、电脑管理及技术支持的需要,远程操作及控制技术越来越值得我们关注。本文通过实际工程案例来展示这种高科技手段在港区中的运用,通过远程操控来实现操作区域基本无人化的管理新模式。在节约能源的同时提高工作效率,体现现代化办公设计理念。     

论建筑工程造价的控制与管理

简要分析了当前我国工程造价控制与管理的现状,并从加强工程造价管理流程和提高工程造价控制及管理能力两个方向进行了思考,希望对建筑工程造价的有效管理和控制起到积极作用。     

刍议建筑节能工程施工管理与控制

着重分析了建筑节能工程建设的发展现状以及建筑节能施工管理控制的关键节点,并以此为基础对建筑节能施工中出现的各种问题进行了梳理,提出了从资质审查、过程监控、竣工验收以及节能标准和标识建设等方面入手的节能施工质量控制措施,从而为建筑节能施工质量管理与控制提供了理论参考。