不同地域来源乳粉及乳制品中乳铁蛋白含量分析

目的:考察不同地域来源的乳产品中乳铁蛋白的含量,为指导生产企业和消费者合理选择乳制品提供科学依据,也为国家市场监管部门制定乳制品中乳铁蛋白最低限量国家标准提供数据基础。方法:采用质谱绝对定量方法对103批次国内外乳原料及乳制品中乳铁蛋白含量进行分析,通过合成特异性标准多肽,进行内标法定量。结果:国内外乳原料、乳粉和液态乳中乳铁蛋白含量平均值分别为63. 0、54. 6、6. 4mg/100g。中国国产乳原料、乳粉和液态乳中乳铁蛋白含量平均值分别为67. 8、58. 6、8. 1mg/100g,均高于本次分析国内外样本量的平均值。另外,本研究还发现了不同地域来源的同类型乳产品中乳铁蛋白含量相差悬殊,同品牌的相似产品也存在较大差异。结论:不同地域来源乳粉及乳制品中乳铁蛋白含量差异较大,生产企业及消费者应合理选择乳制品摄入,未来,市场监管部门应尽快制定乳粉产品中乳铁蛋白最低限量的国家新标准。     

ESL技术在乳品加工上的应用

<正>伴随着乳品工业的快速发展,人们对液态乳制品的要求也越来越高。目前,我国液态乳制品主要有巴氏杀菌乳和UHT(超高温瞬时灭菌)乳两种,不过巴氏杀菌乳产品保质期较短,而UHT乳保质期虽长但营养损失较大,且难以克服褐变和蒸煮味的缺陷,故而都存在各自的问题。因此,如何最大限度地保留原乳感官、风味、营养,并延长乳制品的货架期等都成为乳制品加工技术发展与突破的关键。在市场的需求下,ESL乳应运而生,并逐渐成     

HACCP在搅拌型果汁酸牛乳生产中的应用

近年来,随着生活水平的提高,人们开始注意饮食的营养与保健,表现之一就是乳制品的消费量开始增加,在城市更为突出。牛乳的年人均消费量从20世纪80年代的3～4kg上升到21世纪的近10kg。而且,乳制品产品的结构也发生了很大的变化,传统的乳粉市场逐渐下滑,而液态乳市场上升显著。发酵型酸牛乳有帮助消化、营养价值高、易于被人体吸收、风味独特等特点,更是受到广大消费者的喜爱。酸乳是乳或乳制品在特征菌的作用下发酵而成的酸性凝乳状产品。按组织形态可分为凝固型和搅拌型。市场上常见的是玻璃瓶包装的凝固型酸乳和塑料杯包装的搅拌型酸乳。搅…     

干酪在乳制品市场中发展潜力巨大

我国乳品业最近几年有了很大的发展，尤其是在大城市，各种乳制品琳琅满目：巴氏灭菌乳、常温乳、酸乳、乳粉、含乳饮料，各种品牌，各种包装，应有尽有，消费有了很大的选择余地。然而，乳品市场也存在不少问题：我国的成年人中大约有半数以上的人存在乳糖不耐症，不能饮用液态乳。乳品中的同质化竞争也愈演愈烈。据报道，上海、北京等几个大城市，2004年的液态乳消费量并没有多少提升。由于产品大致相同，     

美国牛奶分级定价系统

1　历史背景　　在美国,牛奶分级定价(或根据牛奶最终产品用途定价)最早在19世纪后期,由牛奶产品联合会提出。用来生产液态乳制品的牛奶价格最高,而用于加工乳制品用的牛奶价格最低。这种定价系统的发展是基于当时牛奶市场的基本特点,包括:　　(1)液态奶和乳制品在运输成本上的实际差异及由此引起的不同用途牛奶的不同价格;　　(2)在牛奶产量最低的月份,对超过当前液态产品的需求,需要提供一个存量供应(这保证了抵抗由于天气或其他因素引起的对液态产品需求的激增或锐减);　　(3)牛场提供液态产品原料奶所需的成本更高,因为这样的牛奶必须在…     

中国乳制品加工与消费回顾

随着我国国民经济的不断发展,居民生活水平日益提高,家庭的膳食结构得到普遍改善,居民乳制品的消费量呈明显上升趋势,乳制品加工水平也不断提升。本文对我国乳制品加工和消费情况进行了回顾,阐述了乳制品产量、乳企运营、人均奶类消费和生鲜乳价格变动等的发展情况。     

发酵乳制品及其保鲜技术的研究进展

多年来,我国乳制品以乳粉、纯乳、调制乳为主,而发酵乳产品由于货架期较短使得发酵乳长时间跨区域销售受到了一定的限制。随着人民生活水平的不断提高,消费者质量意识的增强以及对食物味蕾需求的增长,发酵乳产品口感及营养价值更优于其他乳制品而备受大众喜爱,因此,提高发酵乳制品的货架期的重要性日益突出,对发酵乳制品保鲜技术的开发与创新是乳品行业的发展趋势。本文通过对发酵乳的制品种类、生产工艺、保鲜工艺的研究现状、存在问题等综述在发酵乳制品保鲜领域的研究进展,提出发酵乳制品保鲜技术目前存在的问题以及发展趋势,以期为我国未来发酵乳制品保鲜技术的研发和应用提供参考依据。     

中外乳及乳制品法规与主要检测指标的比较分析

乳制品质量与安全是一个全球性的重要问题。许多国家纷纷采取立法、行政、司法以及提高检验技术等多种措施,以提高乳及乳制品的质量与安全。近年来,我国进口乳及乳制品的种类和数量与日俱增,但由于国内外法规与标准检测指标差异,导致进口乳制品“安全风险难以发现”、出口乳制品“遭受贸易技术壁垒”事件频发。为维护我国进出口乳制品企业和消费者合法权益,保障乳制品质量安全,亟需明确国内外乳制品法规与标准在检测指标方面的差异,提升检测方法的针对性和准确度。本文对我国乳制品的标准现状、我国与主要贸易国在乳制品质量与安全方面主要检测指标的差异进行了比较分析,指出了中外乳制品法规、检测指标和限量值的不同,并对我国乳制品法规、检测指标及限量值等标准的改进给出了建议,以期为我国全面科学地优化进出口乳及乳制品法规提供参考。     

乳品风味物质研究进展

中国乳制品消费量逐年提升,高端乳制品的消费潜力巨大,随着乳制品销量的持续增加,对奶味香料香精的需求数量及品质均呈现快速上升的趋势,而对食品风味活性成分的鉴定分析是食品香料香精研发的重要基础。文中对牛奶、奶油、发酵乳、干酪等4类乳制品的风味活性物质研究现状进行了综述,分类阐述了不同种乳制品重要风味活性物质种类特征,并整理5组模仿超高温瞬时灭菌(ultra-high temperature sterilized,UHT)奶、黄油、干酪等3类乳制品特征香型的香精配方,供开发奶味香精产品模拟参考。同时还从分析食品基质影响特点出发,设计出满足复杂食品体系的香精产品;综合应用现代生物科技,快速推进天然奶香型香味料研制;加大技术研究投入力度,掌握重要食品香料绿色制备技术;完善制度加强安全监管,切实保障食品香料香精质量安全;建立香料安全评价体系,增加我国允许使用香料数量品种等5个方面提出了行业发展建议。     

基于食品链的乳制品安全监控点研究

正乳制品是产品加工的主要原料为生鲜牛(羊)乳及其制品的产品,包括杀菌乳等液体乳类、全脂乳粉等乳粉类、全脂淡炼乳等炼乳类、稀奶油等乳脂肪类、原干酪等干酪类、干酪素以及其他乳制品类。乳与乳制品中含有的高质量蛋白和糖类等营养成分极为丰富,近几年我国人们生活水平不断提高,乳与乳制品消费呈现不断上升趋势。但由于奶源基地的生产方式粗放,乳品企业门槛低,导致乳制     

我国城市居民奶制品消费行为的调查分析

在对哈尔滨，郑州两个有代表性的城市居民奶制品消费状况进行抽样调查的基础上，对城市居民的奶制品消费状况，购买因素，消费偏好进行了分析。具体分析了对奶制品消费群体的变化趋势，奶制品品种消费状况，奶制品消费的影响因素和消费方式；城市居民对奶制品的购买方式，购买时间的分布和购买地点的选择，以及获取奶制品信息的方式和来源。城市居民对奶制品消费的产品，品种，产地，品牌偏好，并提出了具体建议。     

重大食品安全事件下大城市居民液态奶消费的弹性分析——基于北京、天津、石家庄三地的调查问卷

以问卷的形式对北京、天津、石家庄3地的555位消费者的液态奶消费行为进行了调查。通过描述性分析、传统的线性支出系统以及两阶段最小二乘法分析了影响居民液态奶需求的经济、非经济因素,并测算了液态奶需求的收入弹性、价格弹性以及交叉弹性。     

Marketing trends and future challenges: A review of dairy industry in Saudi Arabia

This paper reviews the challenges facing the Saudi Arabian dairy industry dominated by a few companies engaged in aggressive price war strategies. The key players and the main drivers for milk production and consumption are discussed in detail. The latest developments in the ‘Saudisation’ policy and ‘Nitaqat’ scheme have also affected the quality of the labour force in the industry. The paper concludes that although the future prospects are promising, smaller milk‐producing companies might not survive unless they adopt alternate strategies. The latest push for job replacement with the domestic labour will also create difficulties for dairy firms to produce high quality products at a sustaining labour cost.     

Milk marketing policy options for the dairy industry in New England

New England dairy farmers are under intense price pressure resulting from important growth in milk production from lower cost of production Southwest states as well as by retailers’ market power. Agricultural officials and legislative bodies in New England and in other Northeast US states are aware of these pressures and have been reacting with emergency dairy farm aid, following a very low 2006 milk price, and with state legislations in an attempt to address perceived excess retailing margins for fluid milk. In this paper, we suggest that a sigmoid demand relationship exists for fluid milk. This demand relationship would explain fluid milk asymmetric price transmission, high-low pricing, and the creation of a large retailing margin (chain surplus) often observed for fluid milk. It is also argued that a sigmoid demand relationship offers an opportunity for state legislators to help Northeast dairy farmers capturing a larger share of the dollar of the consumers through various policy options. Therefore, 5 milk market channel regulatory mechanisms (status quo, price gouging, supply control, fair share policy, and chain surplus return) are discussed and compared. The supply control mechanism was found the most effective at redistributing the chain surplus, associated with the sigmoid demand relationship for fluid milk, to dairy farmers. However, this option is unlikely to be politically acceptable in the United States. Second-best options for increasing dairy farmers’ share of the consumers’ dollar are the fair price policy and the chain surplus return. The former mechanism would distribute the chain surplus between retailers, processors, and farmers, whereas the latter would distribute it between consumers, retailers, and farmers. Remaining mechanisms would either transfer the chain surplus to retailers (status quo) or to consumers (price gouging).     

An analysis of at-home demand for ice cream in the United States

Ice cream has been manufactured commercially in the United States since the middle of the 19th century. Ice cream and frozen dessert products comprise an important and relatively stable component of the United States dairy industry. As with many other dairy products, ice cream is differentiated in several dimensions. A censored translog demand system model was employed to analyze purchases of 3 ice cream product categories. The objective of this study was to determine the effect that changes in retail prices and consumer income have on at-home ice cream consumption. The analysis was based on Nielsen 2005 home scan retail data and used marital status, age, race, education, female employment status, and location in the estimations of aggregate demand elasticities. Results revealed that price and consumer income were the main determinants of demand for ice cream products. Calculated own-price elasticities indicated relatively elastic responses by consumers for all categories except for compensated bulk ice cream. All expenditure elasticities were inelastic except for bulk ice cream, and most of the ice cream categories were substitutes. Ongoing efforts to examine consumer demand for these products will assist milk producers, dairy processors and manufacturers, and dairy marketers as they face changing consumer responses to food and diet issues.     

国际奶业市场的最新动态与趋势

近期,在南京举办的"第五界中国国际奶业展览会及高层论坛"中,恒天然商贸(上海)有限公司中国商务发展部总经理郭学研先生为大会做了题为"变化中的世界奶业市场——过去、现在和将来"的报告,具体分析了国际奶业市场的最新动态与趋势。郭先生从需求和供应两个基本方面着手分析,具体涉及到了消费水平、产品结构、气候变化、饲料价格、出口补贴和征税以及汇率等多方面的影响。     

植物基乳产业的发展趋势与技术创新

植物基乳产品作为植物基食品产业的重要组成部分,其发展水平对促进植物基食品产业有着举足轻重的作用。分析了全球植物基乳产品的市场规模和我国植物乳产品的市场情况:2023年,全球规模为296亿美元,并以11.4%的速度增长;我国植物基饮品包括豆奶、椰奶、核桃乳、杏仁乳等呈稳定性增长趋势,粉体类产品市场也较稳定(达30万t)。指出植物基乳作为未来食品需要进一步完善定义,充分体现植物基乳特征和属性要求;要加大力度开发满足新消费场景和渠道的新技术、新产品,解决消费者关心的植物基乳产品口味、价格和清洁标签等关键问题,加快植物基酸奶、冷饮等技术的成熟和落地,并通过开发满足不同消费场景、特殊营养、健康需求的产品,为植物基乳产品价值和市场竞争力赋能,创立多元化的植物基乳产业发展新模式。     

Milk-borne infections awareness and the health status of consumers: An on-line survey

Despite clear health risks associated with consuming unpasteurised milk, a considerable number of people are still consuming these products. We evaluated consumers' behaviour and perceptions about food safety risks related to raw milk and unpasteurised cheese product consumption, associating their awareness of foodborne diseases with the epidemiology of gastro-intestinal disorders. A cross-sectional study in Brazil was conducted using an online standard questionnaire. The consumption of raw milk and dairy products is widespread. Although 66% of consumers are misinformed about regulations, 90% of consumers are conscious about the risks of raw milk consumption. The level of awareness of milk-borne diseases is not equal across age and educational level. Although our results should be generalised with caution, we found that awareness of milk-borne diseases is a protective factor against abdominal pain, concluding that the ability to understand the risks of unpasteurised dairy product consumption was associated with health status of the population.     

乳制品市场消费调查报告

以调查问卷的形式对合肥乳制品消费情况进行了调查。问卷共发放了1 000份,回收有效问卷869份,问卷有效率86.9%。调查群体集中反映了合肥市当地青壮年市民乳制品消费情况。通过调查得知,一线城市乳制品消费人群已形成稳定乳制品消费习惯,而且消费水平高于全国城镇居民乳制品消费平均水平;酸奶、常温奶和需要冷链储藏鲜奶成为大城市消费的主流,且安全、营养、品牌成为选择乳制品的重要考虑;消费者对当前乳制品质量安全比较放心,对外国品牌的乳制品较为认可;城市人群获取乳制品相关信息的重要渠道为电视节目。     

乳品行业这是怎么了?——访中国乳品工业协会理事长宋昆冈

<正>阜阳奶粉的事情刚过没多久,雀巢碘超标奶粉、光明“回锅”奶等一系列于乳品行业不利的消息又被报道出来,这使我不得不开始佩服起我的媒体同行们的敬业精神。曝光问题企业及其产品,媒体首当其冲。毕竟,媒体有社会监督的职责,也是广大人民群众利益的代言人。被曝光的雀巢已经开始召回问题奶粉,并向公众做出解释。光明也开始了危机