高Al_2O_3含量渣系高炉冶炼工艺探讨

针对当前高炉炼铁原料中A l2O3含量不断提高,导致炉渣中A l2O3含量也不断提高的新情况,从分析炉渣的物理化学特性入手,剖析了高A l2O3含量高炉给操作带来的危害,并分析了在高A l2O3含量条件下改变炉渣碱度、成分对高炉冶炼的影响,探讨了高A l2O3含量条件下高炉的冶炼工艺。分析表明,炉渣中A l2O3含量高时,不能通过提高碱度的方法改善炉渣的脱硫能力;适宜地提高炉渣中M gO的含量,将有助于降低炉渣粘度和提高炉渣脱硫能力,渣中适宜的M gO含量应为8%~11%;提出了合理添加M gO的新型工艺。     

Al2O3-CaO-CaF2-MgO渣系性能的研究

对Al2O3-CaO-CaF2-MgO渣系的初晶温度、电导率以及物相组成进行了研究.研究结果表明:在该渣系中,随着MgO的含量的增加,渣系的初晶温度先降后增,当MgO的加入量为7％时值最低,初晶温度为1 497℃.该渣系中,随着MgO加入量的增加和温度的升高,渣系的电导率也随着增大,其中主要物相组成为MgAl2O4、C...     

Viscosities Behavior of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 Slag With Low Mass Ratio of CaO to SiO2 and Wide Range of Al2O3 Content

 The present paper is aimed at recycling of coal ash and blast furnace slag to produce mineral wool. Considering the mineralogical constitutions of coal ash and blast furnace slag, the primary quaternary slag compositions of CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 with basicity (mass ratio of CaO to SiO2) ranging from 05 to 09 and alumina ranging from 5% to 20% were investigated through a rotating cylinder method. The experimental results indicated that the viscosities decreased with increasing basicity above the liquidus temperature, and increased with increasing alumina content, and the maximum values were reached and as the alumina content was 20%, followed by the decrease with further increasing alumina content due to its amphoteric behavior. The amphoteric behavior of Al2O3 also performed in the relationship between viscosity and non-bridging oxygen per tetrahedrally-coordinated atom (NBO/T), and the viscosities decreased with increasing the NBO/T except the slag with a basicity 05 and Al2O3 20% which have a low NBO/T value and a low viscosity than others.-     

CaO-SiO2-FeO-Cr2O3-MgO-MnO渣系物相组成的热力学计算

摘要：在含铬铁水转炉冶炼过程中,Cr很容易被氧化成Cr2O3进入渣中,并与渣中其他成分反应生成高熔点含铬尖晶石。采用FactSage热力学软件计算了CaO-SiO2-FeO-Cr2O3-MgO-MnO转炉渣系在冶炼温度1300～1700℃下的物相组成,研究了Cr2O3、FeO和碱度对炉渣中尖晶石相含量的影响规律。研究结果表明,温度和渣系成分都会影响炉渣的物相组成。渣系中含有Cr2O3时,物相中均含有MgCr2O4、FeCr2O4和MgFe2O4尖晶石相,尖晶石相的总含量随着Cr2O3和碱度的增加而增加,随着炉温的升高而减少。温度为1300～1500℃时,炉渣中尖晶石含量随着FeO的增加而增加;温度为1500～1700℃时,尖晶石含量随着FeO的增加而略有减少。在温度小于1500℃的转炉冶炼前中期,炉渣物相组成中尖晶石相所占比例较大,易造成化渣不良或者炉渣粘稠,影响转炉冶炼工艺的顺行。     

w(SiO2)/w(V2O3)对含钒炉渣熔化温度及黏度的影响

摘要：为了对转炉提钒冶炼过程含钒炉渣熔化和流动性进行合理的控制，采用半球点法和内旋转黏度法分别测试了含钒炉渣熔化温度和黏度，采用XRD测试了含钒炉渣的物相，并采用综合碱度（BI′）反映渣中酸碱氧化物平衡关系。结果表明，在FeO质量分数一定的条件下，随着w（SiO2）/w（V2O3）增大，综合碱度由BI′>1单调下降至BI′<1，含钒炉渣熔化温度先降低后升高；随着FeO质量分数的增加，熔化温度最低点对应的w（SiO2）/w（V2O3）增大。随着w（SiO2）/w（V2O3）增大，黏度随温度变化的趋势变缓，高温熔融态含钒炉渣黏度增大，低温阶段黏度减小。综合考虑黏度对钢渣界面反应和钒渣流失的影响，FeO质量分数为44%时含钒炉渣w（SiO2）/w（V2O3）应控制为0.7。     

高炉渣钾容量的试验研究

为降低碱金属对高炉的危害,提高炉渣的排碱能力,采用气-渣平衡法测定了1 723 K时高炉渣的钾容量.依据广钢实际高炉渣成分,用纯化学试剂配制炉渣,用一定组成K(g)-CO-CO2-Ar混合气体提供一定的氧分压和钾分压.研究表明:试验条件下,w(MgO)和w(A12O3)一定时,钾容量随w(CaO)/w(SiO2)的增大而减小;在w(CaO)/w(SiO2)和w(A12O3)一定时,钾容量随w(MgO)的增大而增大;在w(CaO)/w(SiO2)和w(MgO)一定时,钾容量随w(A12O3)的增大而增大;当[w(CaO) w(MgO)]/w(SiO2)和w(A12O3)固定不变时,增加w(MgO),降低w(CaO),钾容量明显增大.广钢炉渣的合理成分为:w(CaO)/w(SiO2)保持在1.0,w(MgO)保持在12%～15%,w(A12O3)不超过15%.     

高炉渣的冶金性能及造渣制度

针对唐钢高炉大量采用高品位、低SiO2含量、高Al2O3含量的外矿的特点,研究了在新的配矿结构下,炉渣碱度(CaO/SiO2)、MgO含量和Al2O3含量对唐钢高炉炉渣的粘度、熔化性温度、脱硫能力的影响.唐钢高炉合理的造渣制度为:保持炉渣温度稳定,碱度控制在1.10左右,MgO的质量分数控制在11%左右,通过合理配煤,适当使用部分冀东矿的方法尽量降低炉渣的Al2O3含量.     

MgO含量对CaO-Al2O3-MgO-FexO-SiO2-K2O系熔体性质的影响

研究了MgO含量变化对CaO-Al₂O₃-MgO-Fe_xO-SiO₂-K₂O系熔体黏度和熔化特性的影响,结合X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析熔渣冷却过程中的物相析出,并通过FactSage软件计算了该体系的黏度、熔点和冷却过程中析出相的含量与温度的关系,并与实验结果进行了对比和分析.结果表明,MgO含量的增多会造成熔渣熔化温度的升高,黏度随温度变化时会出现黏度骤增的转折点,高于转折点温度时,熔渣黏度随MgO含量变化不大,同时该转折点温度随MgO含量的增加而升高.在熔渣冷却过程中析出相主要为固溶的橄榄石相和Fe₃O₄尖晶石相,MgO含量的增大可以促进橄榄石相的析出,熔体黏度骤增主要由于橄榄石相的析出造成的.      

The Effect of MgO on the Viscosity of the CaO‐SiO2‐20 wt%Al2O3‐MgO Slag System

The viscosities of CaO‐SiO₂‐20 wt%Al₂O₃‐MgO slags (CaO/SiO₂ = 1.0–1.2, wt%MgO = 5–13) were measured to estimate the effect of MgO on the viscous behaviour at elevated temperatures. The slag viscosity at 1773 K decreased with increasing MgO contents, which was typical of a basic oxide component at relatively low basicity (CaO/SiO₂) of 1.0. The FT‐IR spectroscopic analysis of the slag structure seems to verify this behaviour. However, an unexpected contradiction with the temperature dependence was observed above 10 wt%MgO and above CaO/SiO₂ of 1.2. Although the apparent activation energy was expected to decrease with additions of the basic oxide component MgO, the apparent activation energy increased. This unexpected behaviour seems to be related to the change in the primary phase field correlating to the phase diagram corresponding to the slag composition. Therefore, in order to understand the viscosity at both high Al₂O₃ and MgO, not only should the typical depolymerization of the slag structure with high MgO content be considered but also the primary phases of which the molten slag originates.     

Al2O3对酒钢低铝渣黏度的影响及热力学分析

为进一步分析Al2O3含量对低铝渣黏度的影响,以酒钢高炉渣成分为基础,通过试验和FactSage热力学软件分别研究了不同Al2O3含量炉渣的黏度、液相线温度、活度和冷却结晶过程的物相变化。结果表明,在本试验的低铝渣范围内,随Al2O3含量增加,炉渣黏度增大,在1 450 ℃以上黏度低于0.45 Pa·s,炉渣流动性和稳定性良好。Al2O3活度随Al2O3含量的增加而增大,相反,SiO2活度降低也证明炉渣聚合度的增大。炉渣的冷却结晶过程则表明,在液相线温度以上时,炉渣黏度主要与炉渣结构的复杂程度有关;在液相线温度以下时,黏度受液相炉渣结构和固相颗粒含量的共同影响。     

Effects of MnO on slag viscosity and wetting behaviour between slag and refractory

As more and more Mn bearing iron ores are used to decrease steel cost and deal with the problem of hearth deposition, slag regime change and hearth refractory erosion in blast furnace become more often. To address these problems, it is urgent to clarify the effects of MnO upon the ironmaking production. Herein, the viscosities of slags with different MnO contents were measured for the first time, and the influence mechanism of MnO was analysed by infrared spectrum. The wetting behaviours between slags with different MnO contents and alumina–carbon refractory were investigated. The results showed that meltability temperature and viscosity decrease simultaneously with the increasing MnO content from 0 to 2.0?wt-%. Infrared spectrum analysis also proved that the existence of Mn⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ makes the Si–O bonds peak moving towards high frequency and the asymmetry of Si–O bond increasing, leading to the decrease in viscosity decreasing. In addition, the characteristic temperatures for wetting reaction increased by ～40°C with the increasing MnO content from 0 to 3?wt-% (basicity?=?1.18). The characteristic temperatures decreased by nearly 50°C with the basicity of slag increasing from 1.0 to 1.3 (MnO?=?1?wt-%). Therefore, the increasing MnO content in slag accelerates the erosion rate of BF hearth lining and then decreases the campaign life of blast furnace.     

Effects of the Cr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Content on the Viscosity of CaO-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-10 Pct Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Cr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Quaternary Slag

The present study experimentally investigates the effect of Cr₂O₃ on the viscosity of molten slags. The viscosities of CaO-SiO₂-10 pct Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ quaternary slags with two different binary basicities (R, basic slag with R = 1.2 and acidic slag with R = 0.8) were measured by the rotating cylindrical method from 1813 K to 1953 K (1540 °C to 1680 °C). The results showed that the viscosity of both types of slag decreased as the Cr₂O₃ content increased, but the viscosity of acidic slags exhibited a greater decrease. The slags showed good Newtonian behavior at such high temperatures. Cr₂O₃ could act as a network modifier to simplify the Si-O-Si tetrahedral structure, as verified by the Raman spectral analysis, which was consistent with the decreasing trend of viscosity. The activation energy of viscous flow decreased slightly with increasing Cr₂O₃, but increasing the basicity seemed to be more effective in decreasing the viscosity than adding Cr₂O₃.     

不锈钢(304HC)浇铸过程保护渣成分变化及其对渣性能影响

通过不锈钢(304HC)连铸过程中对结晶器内液渣现场取样、分析,探索了结晶器内渣-钢界面化学反应及钢中杂夹的吸收造成渣成分的变化,及其对熔渣性能的影响.研究表明,渣中Al2O3、Cr2O3含量有所增长,F减少,碱度下降,并造成保护渣使用性能发生变化,粘度有波动、凝固温度升高及结晶率下降.研究结果为更合理地设计不锈钢连铸保护渣配方,进一步降低不锈钢铸坯表面缺陷提供了依据.     

TiO2-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2低碱度高钛渣熔体黏度特性

研究了TiO₂含量、Al₂O₃含量以及二元碱度(CaO/SiO₂)对TiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂低碱度高钛渣黏度的影响.实验采用旋转柱体法在1633-1873K温度范围内对渣系熔体黏度进行了测量.当TiO₂质量分数为23%-43%、Al₂O₃质量分数为3%-12%和二元碱度为0.3-0.7时,钛渣熔体黏度随TiO₂含量和碱度的增加而降低,随Al₂O₃含量的增加而增加.通过对转底炉-电炉熔分过程渣系脱硫能力计算,得知在低碱度高钛渣中TiO₂属于酸性.依据黏度测量数据和对TiO₂属性的界定,通过修正Urbain模型建立了低碱度高钛渣的熔体黏度预报模型.模型预测结果误差为11%,证明新模型对于低碱度高钛渣的黏度具有良好的预报效果.      

组分含量对CaO-MgO-SiO2 -Al2O3四元精炼渣系黏度的影响

采用三元二次正交设计方法,利用熔体物性综合测定仪对碱度(CaO/SiO₂)1.2～6.0,MgO 1.9%～10%,Al₂O₃ 6%～29.1%的CaO-MgO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃四元精炼渣系的黏度进行了测试和研究。实验结果表明.该四元渣1500℃的黏度为0.129～4.612 Pa·s,随碱度增加,该精炼渣系的黏度先略有下降后快速增加;随MgO含量增加,该渣系黏度呈现快速降低后略有上升的趋势;随Al₂O₃含量增加,该渣系黏度快速降低。综合来看,碱度为4～5、MgO 4.5%～5.5%、Al₂O₃ 24%～27%时,该精炼渣系黏度(≤1.0 Pa·s)较为适宜,具有较好的流动性,促进渣-金之间的反应,提高吸附夹杂物的能力,并为脱硫创造有利的动力学条件。     

Viscosities of the Quaternary Al2O3‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO2 Slags

Viscosities of some quaternary slags in the Al₂O₃‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO₂ system were measured using the rotating cylinder method. Eight different slag compositions were selected. These slag compositions ranging in the high basicity region were directly related to the secondary steel making operations. The measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 1720 to 1910 K. Viscosities in this system and its sub‐systems were expressed as a function of temperature and composition based on the viscosity model developed earlier at KTH. The iso‐viscosity contours in the Al₂O₃‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO₂ system relevant to ladle slags were calculated at 1823 K and 1873 K for 5 mass% MgO and 10 mass% MgO sections. The predicted results showed good agreement with experimental values and the literature data.     

湘钢高Al2O3高炉渣排碱能力的探讨

根据湘钢冶炼条件,以湘钢现场渣为基料,添加化学试剂,配制成高Al2O3渣系,研究高Al2O3炉渣条件下,炉渣碱度、主要成分等对炉渣排碱性能的影响。研究表明,在高Al2O3炉渣条件下,适当提高湘钢高炉渣中自由SiO2的质量分数,ω（Mgo）为12％,二元碱度为1.05,最有利于排碱。     

Study on phosphate and sulphide capacities of CaO-CaCl2 slags

Experiments were carried out at 1175–1350°C to study the phosphate capacity of CaO-CaCl₂ slags and the sulphide capacity was calculated according to the correlation between the two capacities. At 1200°C the logarithm of the phosphate capacity increased from 24.5 to 26.5 with increasing CaO mole fraction from 0 to 0.22 in the slags and it decreased with increasing temperature. Sulphide capacity increased both with increasing CaO mole fraction and temperature. A good linear correlation was found between slag carbonate capacity and phosphate capacity as well as sulphide capacity. Optical basicity was used to evaluate the property of the CaO-CaCl₂ slag in the present study. The value of optical basicity of CaCl₂ is established as 0.63. The correlations of optical basicity with above mentioned three capacities were found to be linear.     

Effect of B_2O_3 on Melting Temperature of CaO-Based Ladle Refining Slag

B2O3 is selected as fluxing agent of CaO-based ladle refining slag to decrease the melting temperature as well as to improve the speed of slag forming and the refining efficiency.The effects of B2O3 on the melting temperature of two series of refining slags including the low basicity slags(the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 3-4)and the high basicity slags(the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 5-8.75)were investigated.The slag melting temperature was measured using the hemisphere method.The results indicate that the fluxing action of B2O3 is better than that of CaF2 and Al2O3.For the CaO-based refining slag with low basicity,the melting temperature is decreased effectively when B2O3 is used to substitute for equal mass of CaF2,Al2O3 and SiO2,respectively.For the CaO-based refining slag with high basicity,when CaF2 is substituted by B2O3,the melting temperature can be decreased remarkably.Especially,when the mass ratios of CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 are in the range of 1.1-4.0 and 5.25-8.0,respectively,the slag melting temperature is lower than 1300 ℃.Therefore,the B2O3-containing refining slags with high ratios of CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 have ultra low melting temperature.