Adaptive noncommunication protection of double-circuit line systems

This paper presents a new technique for noncommunication protection of double-circuit lines. In the technique, the sequence and superimposed signals are used to detect the remote circuit breaker (CB) operation, from which it is to be determined whether a fault inside the protected section can be derived. Extensive simulation studies with respect to typical double-circuit transmission-line systems show that the proposed technique is able to rapidly and correctly determine whether a fault is inside the protected line section without the need for communication links.     

Adaptive distance protection of double-circuit lines usingartificial neural networks

Because of the zero sequence mutual coupling of parallel transmission circuits, the distance calculation performed by a ground distance relay is incorrect. This error is influenced by the actual power system condition. Although accounted for by using a large safety margin in the zone boundaries, unexpected overreach can still occur and the operation speed is decreased. Adaptive protection offers an approach to compensate for the influence of the variable power system conditions. By adapting the relay settings to the actual power system condition, the relay will respond more accurately to power system faults. The selectivity of the protection system is increased, as is the power system reliability. In this paper, an adaptive distance relaying concept is presented. In order to minimize the required communication, local measurements are used to estimate the entire power system condition. An artificial neural network is used to estimate the actual power system condition and to calculate the appropriate tripping impedance. Application of this concept to the model of the Dutch 380 kV power system has resulted in an enormous increase in relaying accuracy. The relaying error is reduced substantially. Most importantly, the standard deviation, indicating the relay's sensitivity to power system condition variations, is reduced to nearly zero. The zone boundary is kept nearly constant, which facilitates the relay coordination. The selectivity of the entire power system protection system is improved. It is shown that adaptive protection improves the protection system selectivity, and that artificial neural networks can very well be used to estimate the actual power system condition     

消除模糊区的同杆双回线自适应重合闸

常规单相重合闸方式无法识别线路瞬时故障与永久故障,当重合于永久故障时,将对系统或相关设备增加一次冲击,并有可能导致直流换相失败。文中提出了一种仅需本回线信息的同杆双回线自适应重合闸判据,工程实用性强。该判据采用故障相故障点恢复电压,通过线路电容参数和多种故障类型下电容耦合电压的大小关系实时计算动作门槛,消除由线路电容参数和故障类型造成的故障性质判别模糊区;引入辅助判据,合理设置重合闸时间,消除由异名相跨线不接地故障造成的模糊区。仿真实验表明文中提出的自适应重合闸判据适用于同杆双回线可能出现的多种故障类型。     

同塔双回线路防雷综述

随着同塔双回线路的大量投运,预防雷跳闸对稳定运行愈显重要,对国内外同塔双回线路运用较多的国家及省份在同塔双回线路防雷措施的应用进行了调查和分析,提出了影响同塔双回线路雷击跳闸的因素和防雷建议.     

Adaptive distance protection of transmission line in presence of SVC

In this paper, the analytical and simulation results of the application of adaptive distance protection scheme for the transmission line incorporating Static Var Compensator (SVC) connected at the mid-point is presented. The mal-operation of the distance protection for the transmission line with SVC at various locations are studied. The simulation results show the under-reaching and over-reaching is more severe with SVC at mid-point of the transmission line. To mitigate the mal-operation of the distance protection, the adaptive scheme is presented based on recursive simulation study. The simulation result with adaptive scheme is outperformed as compared with the conventional scheme. Electro-magnetic Transient Program (EMTP) simulations on two machine system is used to substantiate the claim.     

同杆并架带弱馈线路保护问题分析

以同名相跨线接地故障为例,分析同杆并架带弱馈线路的特征及其对继电保护的影响;同名相跨线故障之间的过渡电阻导致弱馈侧零序功率方向反向,差动保护拒动.综合双回线考虑,继电保护可实现纵续动作.建立了RTDS试验模型进行仿真,仿真结果与理论一致.     

Adaptive load blinder for distance protection

This paper proposes a novel adaptive load blinder for distance protection. A distance relay can provide remote backup protection by zones 2 and 3, but it may mal-operate under heavy loading conditions and cause cascading trips in the network, which could further lead to a widespread blackout. To prevent cascading outages, load blinders or load encroachment elements are generally used to block the distance relay when there is heavy load in the system. However, these elements are not always able to discriminate heavy loading conditions from fault conditions, especially for heavy loads with low power factors or faults with fault resistance. This paper presents a novel load blinder scheme for distance protection by using artificial neural network (ANN). Test results show that the proposed ANN-based load blinder scheme is able to discriminate between different heavy loads with a wide range of power factors and different faults with fault resistance.     

Adaptive relays for overhead line protection

In the liberalized energy market scenario protective relays play an important role in assuring continuous service in the power system where a malfunctioning could lead to serious damages to a wide number of operators having access to the power system. Considering that power lines are operated many times below a rated load current, in this paper an adaptive procedure is presented in order to manage power distribution systems according to dependability or security requirements. In particular, a procedure to obtain an inverse time trip curve by means of a microprocessor, connected to a relay, is presented. The procedure adapts the trip characteristic depending on the conductor temperature, wind speed, emissivity and solar absorbity and is implemented on a microprocessor Rabbit 2200 considering a Drake conductor, 795 kcmil 26/7 ACSR.     

Adaptive load encroachment prevention scheme for distance protection

In this paper, a new adaptive load encroachment prevention scheme based on steady-state security analysis and adaptive anti-encroachment zone (AEZ) is proposed. The new scheme identifies the vulnerable distance relays through real-time security analysis. Selected dual contingencies are included to reflect the influence from the “hidden failures” of protection systems. Effective measures are taken to improve the computational efficiency. The AEZ will be designed online to prevent the undesired tripping if the analysis shows that a distance relay may suffer the load encroachment for a particular scenario. To ensure the dependability of the protection system, the AEZ will be applied only when its introduction is necessary. The effectiveness of the new scheme can be verified through the test cases in this paper.     

Transmission line distance protection based on wavelet transform

Wavelet transform (WT) has the ability to decompose signals into different frequency bands using multiresolution analysis (MRA). It can be utilized in detecting faults and to estimate the phasors of the voltage and current signals, which are essential for transmission line distance protection. A digital distance-protection scheme for transmission lines based on analyzing the measured voltage and current signals at the relay location using WT with MRA is presented in this paper. The scheme has been tested by both computer simulation and experimentally. The tests presented include solid ground faults, phase faults, high impedance and nonlinear ground faults, and line charging.     

Transmission line distance protection using wavelet transform algorithm

The performance of digital filters for transmission line distance protection significantly influences the effectiveness of the relaying operation. This paper proposes a wavelet-based algorithm, which can be implemented in microprocessor-based protective relays. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this new algorithm for transmission line distance protection.     

基于站域信息的同杆双回线接地距离保护优化方案

基于单间隔电气量的接地距离保护由于受到同杆双回线线间互感的影响,存在故障线路距离测量不准确、非故障线路易发生反方向误动和末端故障超越等问题.利用智能变电站中跨间隔站域信息高度共享的特点,构建了同杆双回线单元式保护配置方案,设计了过程层信息获取及交互的实现方案.利用双回线的断路器位置和接地刀闸位置信息自适应地选择零序补偿...     

双回线复故障CSL-162B微机保护动作行为分析及改进建议

微机继电保护装置在电力系统的应用越来越广泛,但实际应用中的部分微机保护在一些运行方式下不能满足现场要求,从城市电网的发展情况看,双回线短线路的接线方式会逐渐增加,在复故障情况下,保护误动的机率随着上升。因此,对X′和R′的取值应由整定计算依据接线情况,反向保护范围、LH和YH传变误差及微机保护在精确工作电压以下的测量误差等多方面原因,进行综合考虑合理选取定值,从而避免电网特殊故障时引起保护不正确动作,造成事故扩大。针对CSL-162B微机保护在双回线复故障情况下的动作行为分析,指出了保护存在的问题,提出了防止同类事故的改进措施。     

基于人工神经网络的自适应距离保护

分析电力系统距离保护的特点及人工神经网络所具有的自适应能力、学习能力和模式识别能力,基于模式识别原理,提出了一种实现自适应距离保护的神经网络模型,并进行了大量的仿真计算,证明所提方法的优越性,能够对电力系统的各种故障情况进行正确识别.     

同杆双回线的六相序阻抗距离保护方案研究

指出了传统距离保护应用于同杆双回线时所存在的一些问题,如发生单回线接地故障时,由于相邻线零序电流的影响,会使测量阻抗的大小不能正确反映故障距离,导致保护拒动或超越;由于只使用单回线单侧电气量,使距离保护不能正确地反映双回线的跨线不接地故障等,提出了新型的同杆双回线的距离保护方案——基于六相序的距离保护方案,分析了六相序距离保护应用于同杆双回线时保护特性及相应的问题,并针对这些问题提出了改进方法。改进后的六相序距离保护可以很好地应用于同杆并架双回输电线路中,作为差动保护的后备保护,可以在单回线故障或跨线故障情况下正确地选择出故障线路。     

同杆双回线的六相序阻抗距离保护方案研究

指出了传统距离保护应用于同杆双回线时所存在的一些问题,如发生单回线接地故障时,由于相邻线零序电流的影响,会使测量阻抗的大小不能正确反映故障距离,导致保护拒动或超越;由于只使用单回线单侧电气量,使距离保护不能正确地反映双回线的跨线不接地故障等,提出了新型的同杆双回线的距离保护方案--基于六相序的距离保护方案,分析了六相序距离保护应用于同杆双回线时保护特性及相应的问题,并针对这些问题提出了改进方法.改进后的六相序距离保护可以很好地应用于同杆并架双回输电线路中,作为差动保护的后备保护,可以在单回线故障或跨线故障情况下正确地选择出故障线路.     

基于人工神经网络的自适应距离保护

分析电力系统距离保护的特点及人工神经网络所具有的自适应能力、学习能力和模式识别能力 ,基于模式识别原理 ,提出了一种实现自适应距离保护的神经网络模型 ,并进行了大量的仿真计算 ,证明所提方法的优越性 ,能够对电力系统的各种故障情况进行正确识别     

双回线复故障CSL-162B微机保护动作行为分析及改进建议

微机继电保护装置在电力系统的应用越来越广泛,但实际应用中的部分微机保护在一些运行方式下不能满足现场要求, 从城市电网的发展情况看,双回线短线路的接线方式会逐渐增加,在复故障情况下,保护误动的机率随着上升.因此,对X'和R'的取值应由整定计算依据接线情况,反向保护范围,LH和YH传变误差及微机保护在精确工作电压以下的测量误差等多方面原因,进行综合考虑合理选取定值,从而避免电网特殊故障时引起保护不正确动作,造成事故扩大.针对CSL-162B微机保护在双回线复故障情况下的动作行为分析,指出了保护存在的问题,提出了防止同类事故的改进措施.     

Fault impedance calculation algorithms for transmission line distance protection

Two algorithms are proposed to calculate the apparent impedance of a transmission line fault. They calculate the apparent impedance using the integral and difference operations from sampled data sets. The data window of the proposed basic algorithm requires only two samples. The modified algorithm can eliminate the second-, third-, fourth- and their multiple-order harmonics. Simulated fault data generated by a transmission line model are used for testing the proposed algorithms. The test results show that they have the advantages of a small amount of calculation and short data window, and are suitable for high speed digital distance relays.     

单电源短距离输电线微机距离保护的研究

论述了在110 kV单侧电源短距离重要输电线路这一特殊应用背景下,微机距离保护装置采用工频变化量距离保护原理的优越性和不足之处.详细分析了工频变化量距离继电器在单侧电源线路中的动作特性,在原动作判据基础上增加了简单的工频变化方向判据,并结合四边形特性距离继电器特性,提出了一种可行性距离保护方案,实现了微机距离保护的快速性和高可靠性.