激光熔覆复合涂层的研究进展

激光熔覆是一门新兴的表面涂层技术，发展迅速．本文系统地总结了激光熔覆的工艺特点，对激光熔覆复合涂层的材料体系、组织特征进行了综合分析，指出了存在的问题及今后的研究方向．     

半导体激光熔覆高硬Ni基WC涂层

为提高球阀的使用寿命,通过激光熔覆技术,在304钢基体上制备Ni28+WC涂层,并研究WC含量和激光器功率对涂层表面性能的影响.借助金相显微镜、显微硬度计研究了不同含量WC下涂层的裂纹情况、稀释率及硬度.研究结果表明:随着WC含量升高,涂层硬度显著提高,稀释率逐渐降低,增加激光输出功率可以促进WC颗粒融化从而提高稀释率,当WC含量为30%时,涂层无裂纹,平均显微硬度达到580Hv0.1,稀释率为4.9%,涂层与基地之间实现冶金结合.WC含量高于40%时,由于未融化和析出的WC颗粒的增多,涂层开裂.     

激光制备Ni625涂层组织及摩擦磨损性能研究

针对20#碳钢表面耐磨性差的缺点,利用IPG8000光纤激光器在20#碳钢表面制备Ni625涂层,采用SEM,EDS,XRD,HV-1000硬度计与球-平面转盘摩擦试验机表征了熔覆层的微观组织以及力学性能.最后采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算了Fe-Cr和Ni-Cr-Co-Mo两种物相的弹性性质.研究结果...     

WC/Ni60激光熔覆复合涂层的强碱腐蚀磨损行为

利用激光熔覆制备WC增强涂层,通过光学显微镜(OM)、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)和EDS对试样观察和分析,并依据颗粒相分布均匀性,获得推荐优化工艺参数是送粉量为7.8g/min、扫描速度为4mm/s、激光功率为2.0kW和离焦量为50mm。在此基础上,应用M-200摩擦磨损试验机考察了WC/Ni60涂层在40% NaOH强碱溶液作用下的摩擦磨损行为,结果表明,涂层的摩擦磨损机制随工况的变化而变化,钝化膜的生成和溶解成为一个动态过程,且所制备的涂层在中速中载时较干摩擦能够显著降低摩擦因数和磨损量。     

激光熔覆(WC+SiC)/Ni基复合涂层中合金元素的分布

利用２ｋＷ的ＣＯ２激光器在１６Ｍｎ钢表面激光熔覆（ＷＣ＋ＳｉＣ）／Ｎｉ基复合涂层,经ＳＥＭ及ＥＤＸ能谱分析表明,基体与涂层呈良好的冶金结合．随着凝固过程的进行,γ－Ｎｉ固溶体的形貌由平面晶发展为树枝晶,且γ－Ｎｉ固溶体间合金元素的含量及平面晶的厚度均随扫描速度的变化而变化．     

钢表面激光熔覆TiCp／Fe基合金复合耐磨涂层

在２０钢表面用激光束熔覆了ＴｉＣ颗粒与Ｆｅ基自熔合金复合耐磨涂层。对涂层的组织、化学成分、硬度及耐靡性进行了分析、结果表明。熔覆层主要由γ－Ｆｅ，α－Ｆｅ和ＴｉＣ颗粒组成。     

激光熔覆（WC＋SiC）／Ni基复合涂层中合金元素的分布

利用２ＫＷ的ＣＯ２激光器的１６Ｍｎ钢表面激光熔覆（ＷＣ＋ＳｉＣ）／Ｎｉ基复合涂层，经ＳＥＭ及ＥＤＸ能谱分析表明，基体与涂层呈良好的冶金结合。承着凝固过程的进行，γ－Ｎｉ固溶体的形貌由平面晶发展为树枝晶，且γ－Ｎｉ固沉吟体间合金元素的含量及平面晶的厚度均随机扫描的变化而变化。     

激光熔覆Ni+Cr_2O_3复合涂层的耐蚀性

研究了激光搭接熔覆Ni+Cr2 O3复合涂层在 0 .5mol/LH2 SO4 +0 .5mol/LNaCl水溶液中的电化学行为 .试验表明Cr2 O3粒子在激光熔池中发生了完全溶解 ,涂层具有胞状枝晶组织特征 .激光熔覆Ni+Cr2 O3复合涂层比单一熔覆Ni合金涂层和 2Cr13马氏体不锈钢基材具有更低的维钝电流密度和更宽的钝化区范围 ,明显改善了在该腐蚀介质中的抗点蚀能力 .     

激光熔覆Cr3C2/Ni基复合涂层的磨削特性

为研究不同磨削参数、不同质量分数及粒度的Cr_3C_2对激光熔覆Cr_3C_2/Ni基复合涂层磨削表面质量的影响规律,探究其磨削特征及磨削表面缺陷的形成机理,采用CBN砂轮对激光熔覆Cr_3C_2/Ni复合涂层进行磨削实验.实验结果表明:Cr_3C_2/Ni基复合涂层磨削表面的加工缺陷主要产生于Ni合金基体中形成的堆积、犁沟、局部崩碎、裂纹,以及破碎的Cr_3C_2颗粒和由于破碎的Cr_3C_2脱落、被压碎的Cr_3C_2颗粒产生的表面凹坑等.在较小的切深和较低质量分数的Cr_3C_2条件下,Ni合金基体中较容易形成堆积;随着切深的增加,Ni合金基体中的犁沟加深,局部出现崩碎;当涂层中的Cr_3C_2质量分数高于20%时,Ni合金基体中甚至出现裂纹;涂层中Cr_3C_2质量分数达到30%时,磨削表面出现较多破碎的Cr_3C_2和凹坑.在相同的磨削参数下,涂层磨削表面粗糙度随着熔覆层中Cr_3C_2粒径的增大而增大,随着Cr_3C_2质量分数的增加而降低,但Cr_3C_2质量分数超过20%时,涂层的粗糙度反而略有上升.减小Cr_3C_2的粒径和提高砂轮的线速度可以减少涂层磨削缺陷的产生.     

激光熔覆Ni基高温合金粉末涂层磨损机制图

目的 研究激光熔覆Ni基高温合金粉末涂层的磨损性能和磨损机理,建立涂层的磨损机制图.方法 以Ni基高温合金粉末为原料,在crM0铸铁表面利用激光熔覆技术制备了减摩耐磨的复合涂层.应用均匀设计的试验方法 进行试验方案的设计.根据不同工作参数组合下的磨损率建立其磨损机制图,根据试验结果 对熔覆层的磨损机理进行了研究.结果 建立了涂层的磨损机制图.激光熔覆Ni基高温合金粉末涂层的磨损形式主要包括严重磨损和轻微磨损.主要磨损机制包括剥层磨损、黏着磨损、磨粒磨损和氧化磨损等.结论 根据磨损机制图.可以确定涂层的安全工作区域为载荷小于4 MPa时,滑动速度大于1.5 m/s;载荷大于4 MPa时.滑动速度在1～2.0m/s.     

Microstructure and wear resistance of in situ NbC particles reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coating by laser cladding

The in situ synthesized NbC particles reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coating was produced by laser cladding a precursor mixture of Ni-based alloy powder,graphite and niobium powders on a steel substrate.The microstructure,phase composition and wear property of the composite coating were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and dry sliding wear test.The experiment results show that the composite coating is homogeneous and free from cracks,and about 0.8 mm thick.The microstructure of the composite coating is mainly composed of NbC particles,CrB type chromium borides,γ-Ni primary dendrites,and interdendritic eutectics.CrB phases often nucleate and grow on the surface of NbC particles or in their close vicinity.NbC particles are formed via in situ reaction between niobium and graphite in the molten pool during the laser cladding process and they are commonly precipitated in three kinds of morphologies,such as quadrangle,cluster,and flower-like shape.Compared with the pure Ni-based alloy coating,the microhardness of the composite coating is increased about 38%,giving a high average hardness of HV0.21000,and the wear rate of the composite coating is decreased by about 32%,respectively.These are attributed to the presence of in situ synthesized NbC particles and their well distribution in the coating.     

Microstructure and abrasion wear behavior of Ni-based laser cladding alloy layer at high temperature

Ni-based alloy coating on 21-4-N heat-resistant steel was prepared using CO2 laser, and the high-temperature abrasion wear was tested. The microstructure of this cladding layer and its abrasion wear behavior at high temperature by changing compositions and temperatures were investigated by means of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Among the three compositions of cladding layer, i.e. Ni21 ＋20% WC＋0. 5 % CeO2, Ni25＋20 % WC＋0. 5 % CeO2 and Ni60 ＋ 20 % WC ＋ 0. 5 % CeO2, the experimental results show that Ni21 ＋ 20 % WC ＋ 0.5?O2 cladding layer is made up of finer grains, and presents the best abrasion wear behavior at high temperature. The wear pattern of laser cladding layer is mainly grain abrasion at lower temperature, and it would be changed to adhesive abrasion and oxide abrasion at higher temperature.     

工具钢表面激光熔覆Co基合金涂层的组织及性能

通过送粉式激光熔覆在碳素工具钢(T10钢)表面制备了Co基合金熔覆涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析其微观结构和相组成。结果表明:熔覆层中主要有γ-Co相以及其他相,包括Cr23C6、Co7W6和CrNi。从熔池与基体界面到熔覆层表面存在不同的凝固形态,依次为平面晶(在界面处)、胞状晶和树枝晶。微观组织较细的树枝晶强化了熔覆层,因而激光熔覆层的显微硬度增加,耐腐蚀性提高。     

冷扎Q235钢/激光熔覆合金钢摩擦磨损

通过对9SiCr钢表面进行合金激光熔覆处理,在摩擦磨损实验机上对熔覆合金钢与Q235钢配副进行了摩擦磨损性能实验.通过摩擦磨损实验研究了参数如载荷、滑动距离、滑动速度、润滑条件等对Q235钢与熔覆合金钢的磨损量的影响,熔覆合金钢与Q235钢的磨损量与压力和滑动速度成正比.Ni合金钢的耐磨性比Co合金钢要好.通过扫描电镜分析了熔覆合金磨损机理,熔覆合金钢磨损主要以磨粒为主,同时表面存在大量凹坑,而Q235钢以磨粒和塑性变形为主.     

镍基纳米碳管复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能

利用化学镀方法制备镍基纳米碳管复合镀层,用扫描电镜分析了镀层的表面形貌,并用销-盘式磨损试验机研究了复合镀层在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损行为.结果表明:纳米碳管均匀地嵌入在镍基体中,镍基纳米碳管复合镀层具有优良的耐磨性能;由于纳米碳管的自润滑作用,复合镀层的摩擦系数随着纳米碳管体积分数的增加而逐渐降低.     

Dry wear behaviors of wear resistant composite coatings produced by laser cladding

Using different proportional mixtures of Ni-coated MoS2, TiC and pure Ni powders, new typical wear resistant and selflubricant coatings were formed on low carbon steel by laser cladding process. The microstructures and phase composition of the composite coatings were studied by SEM and XRD. The typical microstructure of the composite coating is composed of multisulfide phases including binary element sulfide and ternary element sulfide, γ-Ni, TiC and Mo2C. Wear tests were carried out using an FALEX-6 type pin-on-disc machine. The friction coefficient and mass loss of three kinds of MoS2/TiC/Ni laser clad coatings are lower than those of quenched 45 steel, and the worn surfaces of the laser cladding coatings are very smooth. Because of high hardness combined with low friction, the laser cladding composite coating with a mixture of 70% Ni-coated MoS2, 20%TiC and 10% pure Ni powder presents better wear behaviors than the composite coating with other powder blends. The composition analysis of the worn surface of GCr15 bearing steel shows that the transferred film from the laser cladding coating to the opposite surface of GCr15 bearing steel contains an amount of sulfide, which can change the micro-friction mechanism and lead to a reduced friction coefficient.     

AZ91D镁合金表面激光熔覆Al-Ti-C涂层的显微组织和性能

为了提高镁合金的耐磨损性能,使用1kW脉冲激光在镁合金基体上熔覆Al-Ti-C混合粉末(粉末中质量比Ti∶C=1∶1,Al质量分数为20%～40%)。使用的激光能量密度分别为1.67、1.89、2.20、2.65和3.14×109W/m2,扫描速度在0.5～2.5mm/s内变化;对在不同激光工艺参数下获得的熔覆层微观组织进行了观察,并对其硬度和耐磨损性能进行了检测。结果表明:当粉末中Al的质量分数为40%,激光扫描速度为1.0mm/s,激光能量密度为2.20×109W/m2时,表面硬度可达到HV210,耐磨损性能约为未处理表面的4倍左右。     

Cavitation erosion behavior of WC coatings on CrNiMo stainless steel by laser alloying

The WC powder was precoated on the surface of CrNiMo stainless steel and then made into an alloying layer by using the laser alloying technique.Phases in the layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and surface morphologies after cavitation erosion were observed with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The cavitation erosion behavior of the CrNiMo stainless steel and WC laser alloying layer in distilled water was tested with the help of ultrasonic vibration cavitation ero-sion equipment.The results showed that the thickness of the laser alloying layer was about 0.13 mm.The layer had a dense micro-structure, metallurgically bonded to the substrate, and no crack had been found.The cavitation erosion mass loss rate of the laser al-loying layer was only 2/5 that of the CrNiMo stainless steel.The layer had better cavitation resistance properties because of its met-allurgical combination and the strengthening effects of the precipitate phases.     

Ti-based composite coatings with gradient TiC x reinforcements on TC4 titanium alloy prepared by laser cladding

TiC _x -NiTi₂/Ti cermet composite coatings C1 and C2 with gradient TiC _x reinforcements were prepared on TC4 titanium alloy by laser cladding method. The microstructure and phase compositions were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) meter. The TiC _x exhibited a dendritic microstructure, and homogeneously dispersed in the Ti-based matrix where NiTi₂ was embedded. With increasing ingredient supercooling, temperature gradient and cooling temperature, the dendrites displayed a finer morphology with longer primary trunks and intensified side branches in the dilution zone. But the smoothed, coarse columnar ones became dominant in the upper clad layer due to the repeated energy input during multi-track cladding. The Vickers microhardness presented a linear change trend through the cross-sections, which well confirmed the gradient distribution of TiC _x . With more TiC _x , C1 presented higher hardness than C2.