氩弧熔覆原位自生Ti(C、N)-WC增强Ni60A复合涂层的研究

以Ni60A、TiC、TiN、WC、Co粉为原料,在Q235钢的表面用氩弧熔覆原位合成技术制备了Ti(C、N)-WC增强镍基复合材料涂层.研究了涂层的显微组织、化学成分、硬度变化和摩擦磨损特性.熔覆层组织主要由富Ni的γ(Ni,Fe)相、Ti(C、N)、WC和(Fe,Cr)xC等组成.涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性分别是基体Q235钢的6.5倍和10倍.显微硬度由表及里呈先上升后下降的阶梯状趋势,到热影响区时又明显降低.基体Q235钢的磨损机制为黏着磨损和磨料磨损,而复合涂层的的磨损形式主要是磨屑充当第三体引起的磨粒磨损.     

Ni-ZrO_2纳米复合涂层的制备及其耐磨耐蚀性能研究

采用电火花沉积和激光熔覆技术在45号钢基体表面沉积制备Ni-ZrO2复合涂层。通过研究涂层的显微硬度分布、耐磨和防腐性能发现:在900 W功率下,电火花沉积的Ni基过渡层质量较好,过渡层厚度达到了110μm左右,且与基体冶金结合具有较高的结合力。利用激光熔覆技术在Ni基过渡层上熔覆纳米ZrO2粉体(3Y-TZP),纳米ZrO2涂层平均厚度约为20μm。Ni-ZrO2纳米复合涂层的表面平均硬度为934.19HV0.1,最高硬度可达1 145HV0.1,相对于基体,硬度提高了3.8倍。摩擦磨损和腐蚀试验发现复合涂层的耐磨性能和耐蚀性能较基体都有明显的提升。     

Mo含量对FeCrNiCoTiMo_x高熵合金熔覆层结构性能影响

利用激光熔覆的方法在热处理后的T10A钢表面制备FeCrNiCoTiMo_x高熵熔覆层,然后利用X线衍射仪(XRD)和显微镜分析了熔覆层的组织和相结构,测试了试样处理后的截面硬度和表面耐磨性能.研究表明,经过激光熔覆技术得到的高熵合金层主要由Fe基固溶体组成,Mo含量(摩尔分数x)对固溶体溶解度有一定影响;熔覆层的组织垂直于基体方向生长的枝晶;熔覆层的硬度(HV_5)最高达到了784,比基体硬度(HV)提高234,磨损率下降了48.2%,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,兼有黏着磨损.     

Nd:YAG激光熔覆固体润滑涂层组织及摩擦磨损特性研究

采用Nd:YAG激光器在45钢表面制备了镍基固体自润滑涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X线能谱(EDS)分析法对激光熔覆涂层中元素的变化趋势进行了分析,并对其组织及摩擦磨损特性进行了研究.结果表明,激光功率为380 W时,熔覆层组织细小致密;在熔覆过程中轻质元素的上浮和重质元素的下沉,以及基材的熔化稀释造成涂层中元素含量(质量分数)分布的起伏,基材中铁(Fe)元素向涂层中扩散,熔覆层与基体实现良好的冶金结合.摩擦磨损试验结果表明:在常温和400℃条件下,激光功率为380 W时制备的自润滑熔覆涂层的摩擦因数低于激光功率为350W时制备的熔覆涂层,其平均摩擦因数分别为0.45和0.48.     

H13钢激光熔覆钴基复合涂层的组织及耐磨性

采用5kW连续CO_2激光器,在H13热作模具钢表面进行激光熔覆Stellite-6(简称St6)、St6+5%WC、St6+5%WC+1%RE钴基合金复合涂层。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及磨损试验机,对熔覆层的显微组织、元素分布、相组成、显微硬度及磨损性能等进行了系统研究。结果表明,激光熔覆层与基体为冶金结合,各熔覆层的基体相组织为γ-Co、γ-Ni,增强相组织均包括Cr-Ni-Fe-C、(Mn,Cr)_7C_3、Cr_(23)C_6等相,此外,St6+5%WC和St6+5%WC+1%RE熔覆层的增强相中增加了WC、W_2C和SiC相;熔覆层显微硬度HV_(0.2)为560~710HV;摩擦磨损试验结果表明,在相同条件下,耐磨性能由高到低依次是St6+5%WC+1%RE、St6+5%WC、St6、H13钢。     

铝合金表面激光熔覆高硅涂层的组织与磨损性能

用7kW横流C02激光器在ZL101铝合金表面激光熔覆高硅涂层。探索不同激光功率熔覆对涂层质量的影响,分析涂层的微观组织,测试涂层的硬度和磨损性能。结果表明：在优化工艺参数下制备出的激光熔覆高硅涂层组织致密、无气孔和裂纹,激光熔覆层中存在大量初晶Si、α-Al树枝晶和共晶组织。涂层与基体结合区处呈现典型的外延生长特征,形成了良好的冶金结合。熔覆层的横截面硬度在HV150～320之间,是基体的2～3倍,并显著提高了基体的耐磨性能。     

激光熔覆钛基复合涂层的显微组织和硬度分析

采用激光熔覆快速非平衡合成方法制备了原位反应合成TiB增强钛基复合材料.用Y2O3、Ti和B的混合粉末在Ti-6Al-4V基体表面激光熔覆制得TiB/Ti复合涂层.采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射光谱仪(EDS)和硬度测试等方法,研究了原位合成TiB/Ti复合涂层的显微结构和显微硬度.结果显示:激光熔覆层的相结构主要为α-Ti和TiB两相,TiB增强相均匀地分布于复合涂层中,熔覆层的硬度值高于基体Ti合金的硬度值1倍以上,Y2O3含量(质量分数w,全文同)为1％的激光熔覆涂层内部的增强相组织最为均匀、细小,且硬度值也最高,平均硬度(HV)值约为830.     

H13模具钢等离子熔覆WC/Ni基复合涂层研究

以Ni60+35%WC合金粉末为原料,采用等离子熔覆技术,在H13模具钢基体上熔覆WC/Ni基复合涂层。借助SEM、XRD分析涂层的显微组织;利用显微硬度计测试涂层的显微硬度;通过环-块磨损实验在MM-200磨损试验机上评估涂层的耐磨性能;采用线性极化法研究涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能。结果表明:涂层组织均匀细小,主要由γ-(Ni,Fe)树枝晶以及枝晶间的γ-(Ni,Fe)与Cr23C6、Fe3W3C形成的共晶结构组成,在涂层底部分布有WC增强相;涂层的显微硬度可达590~650HV0.3;在室温干滑动磨损条件下,涂层的耐滑动磨损性与基体相比提高了1倍以上。在3.5%NaCl溶液中,涂层的耐腐蚀性能优于H13钢基体。H13钢经等离子熔覆WC/Ni基复合涂层后耐磨性能、耐蚀性能得到提高,可用于H13钢制模具的表面磨损修复。     

Q235钢表面等离子弧熔覆自粘结镍基WC的研究

在Q235钢基体上采用等离子弧熔覆自粘结镍基WC合金粉末,制备具有冶金结合的复合熔覆层.采用OM、SEM、EDS研究了熔覆层的组织,利用显微硬度计测试了熔覆层的显微硬度分布.结果表明:熔覆层中WC颗粒全部熔解,熔覆层与钢基体形成冶金结合,熔覆层硬度达470 HV,熔覆层主要强化机制是碳化物的弥散强化,W、C、Cr等合金元素溶入γ-Ni(Me)中产生的固溶强化.     

45钢激光熔覆Ni60合金粉末工艺参数的多目标优化

为延长零件使用寿命,降低生产成本,在45钢表面激光熔覆Ni60熔覆层可以达到生产要求,避免资源浪费,实现绿色制造.通过层次分析法确定权重,建立三水平三因素的正交试验,分析熔覆层的宏观和微观形貌、摩擦磨损特性、显微硬度.结果表明:优化后的工艺参数为激光功率3 kW,扫描速度12 mm/s,搭接率45％.合适的工艺参数可以...     

Q235钢表面硬质合金喷涂层的磨损特性研究

用超音速火焰喷涂方法在Q235钢表面进行了WC硬质合金粉末的喷涂.在MRH-5A型滑动磨损试验机上,对涂层进行室温下的干滑动摩擦磨损性能测验,借助于扫描电镜观察磨损试样磨面形貌.通过对摩擦磨损数据进行分析,结果表明：Q235钢表面用WC硬质合金喷涂后,耐磨性大大提高,涂层磨损机理主要表现为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.     

Microstructure and wear resistance of in situ NbC particles reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coating by laser cladding

The in situ synthesized NbC particles reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coating was produced by laser cladding a precursor mixture of Ni-based alloy powder,graphite and niobium powders on a steel substrate.The microstructure,phase composition and wear property of the composite coating were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and dry sliding wear test.The experiment results show that the composite coating is homogeneous and free from cracks,and about 0.8 mm thick.The microstructure of the composite coating is mainly composed of NbC particles,CrB type chromium borides,γ-Ni primary dendrites,and interdendritic eutectics.CrB phases often nucleate and grow on the surface of NbC particles or in their close vicinity.NbC particles are formed via in situ reaction between niobium and graphite in the molten pool during the laser cladding process and they are commonly precipitated in three kinds of morphologies,such as quadrangle,cluster,and flower-like shape.Compared with the pure Ni-based alloy coating,the microhardness of the composite coating is increased about 38%,giving a high average hardness of HV0.21000,and the wear rate of the composite coating is decreased by about 32%,respectively.These are attributed to the presence of in situ synthesized NbC particles and their well distribution in the coating.     

Wear Properties of Plasma Transferred Arc Fe-based Coatings Reinforced by Spherical WC Particles

Fe-based coatings reinforced by spherical WC particles were produced on the 304 stainless steel by plasma transferred arc(PTA) to enhance the surface wear properties. Three different Fe/WC composite powder mixtures containing 0 wt%, 30 wt%, and 60 wt% of WC were investigated. The microstructure and phase composition of the Fe/WC composite PTA coatings were evaluated systemically by using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The wear properties of the three fabricated PTA coatings were investigated on a BRUKER UMT TriboLab. The morphologies of the worn tracks and wear debris were characterized by using SEM and 3 D non-contract profiler. The experimental results reveal that the microhardness on the cross-section and the wear resistance of the fabricated coatings increase dramatically with the increasing adding WC contents. The coating containing 60 wt% of WC possesses excellent wear resistance validated by the lower coefficients of friction(COF), narrower and shallower wear tracks and smaller wear rate. In the pure Fe-based coating, the main wear mechanism is the combination of adhesion and oxidative wear. Adhesive and two-body abrasive wear are predominated in the coating containing 30 wt% of WC, whereas threebody abrasion wear mechanism is predominated in the coating containing 60 wt% of WC.     

高能脉冲类激光熔覆镍基合金层的组织及性能

为了提高304不锈钢表面的综合性能,采用高能脉冲类激光熔覆沉积技术在304不锈钢表面制备了镍基合金熔覆层.采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、销-盘磨损试验机与电化学测试系统对镍基合金熔覆层的显微组织、相结构、耐磨损性能和电化学腐蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,镍基合金熔覆层与304不锈钢基材呈良好的冶金结合,熔覆层的相对耐磨损性为304不锈钢基材的4.4倍.熔覆层组织由γ-Ni基体相、Ni_3Mo、Fe_7Mo_3和Cr_(23)C_6碟状增强相与不规则棒状增强相组成.增强相是提高耐磨损性能的主要原因,增强相与基体相的电极电位差是导致腐蚀电流密度增加的主要原因.     

Characterization and wear behavior of WC-0.8Co coating on cast steel rolls by electro-spark deposition

To prepare high wear resistance and high hardness coatings, electro-spark deposition was adopted for depositing an elec trode of a mixture of 92wt%WC+8wt%Co on a cast steel roll substrate. The coating was characterized by classical X-ray diffracto meter (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The results indicate that the coating shows nanosized particulate structure and dendritic structure including columnar structure and equiaxed structure. The pri mary phases of the coating contain Fe_3W_3C, Co_3W_3C, Fe_2C and Si_2W. The coating has a low friction coefficient of 0.13, its average wear-resistance is 3.3 times that of the cast steel roll substrate and the main mechanism is abrasive wear. The maximum microhard ness value of the coating is about 1573.9 Hv_(0.3) The study reveals that the electro-spark deposition process has the characteristic of better coating quality and the coating has higher wear resistance and hardness.     

稀土元素镧和锶对镍基钎焊料焊接性能的影响

碳化钨(WC)复合涂层是一种高温下使用的有效耐磨蚀保护涂层.在BNi-2钎料粉末中添加稀土粉末,用机械合金化技术制备了改进的BNi-2钎料粉末,并在Q235钢基体上制备了碳化钨复合涂层;采用SEM观察了涂层显微组织,分析了稀土元素La和Ce对钎料焊接性能的影响规律.结果表明,在BNi-2合金中分别加入0.1 Wt.%稀土元素La,0.05 Wt.%稀土元素Ce,并采用机械合金化制备的粉状镍基焊料,与母材润湿性良好,焊接性能有所提高.采用此焊料及渗透钎焊技术可以制备出界面结合良好的WC复合涂层.     

MIG熔化注射WC增强耐磨层的显微组织分析和耐磨性研究

采用MIG熔化注射方法在低碳钢基体上制备WC颗粒增强耐磨层,利用扫描电镜对耐磨层进行组织分析,并测试耐磨层的硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明,耐磨层成形良好,WC颗粒在耐磨层中分布较均匀,无沉底现象,和胎体金属结合良好,最外层有少量熔化分解。紧邻WC颗粒析出有Fe3W3C和/或Co3W3C,稍远处为鱼骨状共晶组织。胎体金属为马氏体组织,WC型碳化物沿晶界呈网状析出。多道熔化注射没有明显增大WC熔化分解程度。耐磨层中WC颗粒硬度没有降低,胎体金属硬度为Hv700左右,耐磨层的耐磨性约为基体的850倍.     

灰口铸铁等离子热喷焊WC/Ni基涂层组织和性能研究

在HT250表面采用等离子喷焊工艺制备了碳化钨/镍基合金复合涂层,并对涂层的宏观形貌、微观组织和显微硬度进行了分析.结果表明：复合涂层与基体形成冶金结合,其中WC均匀地分布在涂层的中底部,而在WC附近形成了强化相Fe3W3C,涂层的耐磨性得到了改善;界面处的HT250在快速冷却过程中,发生淬火反应,部分转变为马氏体;涂层的显微硬度在570～870HV0.2之间,明显高于基体硬度.     

Influence of Ta on microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of laser clad NiCrSiB coating

A mixture of NiCrSiB alloy powder and tantalum (Ta) powder was used as laser clad material to improve abrasive wear resistance of the Ni-based coating. The microstructure and wear resistance of the coating were investigated. Addition of Ta element works to suppress the growth of coarse M₇C₃ carbide in the coating, resulting in a decrease in aspect ratio of coarse carbide. In the abrasive wear test, in situ synthesized TaC particles well bond with Ni-based matrix, and are hardly pull out from wear surface. Grooves on the worn surface of NiCrSiB coating are much deeper and sharper than those in the NiCrSiB+Ta composite coating. Also, a weight loss of the composite coating is much lower than that of the NiCrSiB coating. The wear resistance of the laser clad Ni-based coating is enhanced to a much greater extent through the addition of Ta. This is attributed to the in situ synthesized hard TaC particles of nearly equiaxed shape, the Ni-based matrix strengthened by Ta and the decrease in aspect ratio of the coarse brittle carbides.     

爆炸喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的摩擦磨损性能

爆炸喷涂是提高材料表面性能的表面喷涂技术之一.本文旨在通过表面喷涂提高45钢基体表面的耐磨性、耐冲击性等性能.采用爆炸喷涂方法在45钢基体材料上喷涂Al2O3陶瓷和团聚陶瓷涂层,在摩擦磨损试验机上进行Al2O3陶瓷涂层的磨损试验,X衍射仪测试涂层表面结构,JB/T7509—94铁试剂方法测试涂层的孔隙率.通过分析和比较45钢基材与爆炸喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的摩擦磨损性能,实验结果表明,喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层可以改善基材45钢的耐磨损性能,延长其使用寿命.此外,研究发现,团聚Al2O3陶瓷涂层比Al2O3陶瓷涂层要更耐磨;而爆炸喷涂Al2O3涂层的质量要好于等离子喷涂和火焰喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层.