炼厂低温余热回收利用大系统构建和优化技术

低温热利用是当前我国炼油企业节能的重要潜力之一。根据炼厂低温热利用以及装置规模现状,详细分析全厂装置的工艺条件,估算出全厂未回收利用的低温热达到69.73 MW。优化设计了各装置低温热利用方案。按照"温度对口,梯级利用"的科学用能原则,为炼厂重新优化设计了全厂范围内的低温热系统,建立高、低温位低温热系统,以提升低温热的品质。     

大型硫磺制酸装置的热能回收利用

通过提高锅炉参数、优化工艺设计参数、增加低温热回收系统等措施可有效提高大型硫磺制酸装置的热能回收率,从而降低生产成本,提高企业的市场竞争力。介绍了硫酸装置增加低温位热能回收系统的可行性及实施低温位热能回收需要解决的几个问题。     

400 kt/a硫铁矿制酸低温位热回收系统运行及优化

介绍了瓮福（集团）有限责任公司400 kt/a硫铁矿制酸低温位热回收系统的工艺流程及运行情况。通过对低温位热回收系统的运行情况进行分析与优化,采用提高装置生产负荷和一次转化率、降低净化工序出口的烟气温度、提高高温吸收塔进口的烟气温度等优化措施,提高了产汽率;采用蒸汽冷凝液代替脱盐水作混合器加水、回收清洁水等优化措施,节约了脱盐水和除氧低压蒸汽的用量,同时也减少了污水处理费用,现场环境得到改善。对低温位热回收系统进行优化改造,实现了进一步节能减排,经济效益和环境效益明显。     

硫铁矿制酸干吸工段废热回收系统

介绍一种可用于硫铁矿制酸干吸岗位废热回收系统。该系统基于高温吸收工艺,采用两台阳极保护酸冷器串联的方式对出循环酸进行冷却,同时部分回收低温位废热,用于预热锅炉用水。该系统能有效回收利用低温位废热,具有经济效益明显,投资省,安全风险低等特点,可在硫铁矿制酸企业推广应用。     

硫酸工业废热利用现状分析及评价指标研究

介绍了硫酸装置高、中、低温位热能回收利用的现状及技术进展。探讨了废热回收评价指标及利用原则。在废热利用过程中应将热平衡分析与能级分析方法结合,综合热效率与能级差这两个指标分析装置废热回收利用情况,以制定优化废热利用方案及节能措施。     

化工低温热能的利用

总结了国内外低温热利用的现状和存在的问题，归纳了低温热回收利用的一些途径及技术，主要为直接作一般加热用热源、热泵回收和低温热能发电，着重介绍了低温热能发电工质的选择和热交换器的优化与系统热经济性评价等关键性问题。认为今后对低温热回收利用研究应寻找合适用户，制定可行方案；挖掘低温热源，重点做好生产装置80 ℃以上冷却物流热量的回收；开发低温热升级利用的新技术，引进相关设计及制造技术。     

低温位热能回收技术在1600kt/a硫酸系统中的应用

广西金川有色金属有限公司(以下简称广西金川)1 600 kt/a硫酸生产装置是与400 kt/a铜冶炼配套的烟气制酸装置。该装置干吸系统采用低温位热能回收技术(HRS)及关键设备,不仅减少了制酸过程中循环冷却水的消耗量,而且将干吸工序的低温位热能也加以回收,产生1.0 MPa低压蒸汽,供厂区低压用户使用。1低温位热能回收技术HRS系统主要由HRS热回收塔、HRS酸循环     

浅论硫酸装置干吸工序串酸流程对尾气和成品酸的影响

介绍了设置低温位热回收系统和未设置低温位热回收系统2种类型的硫酸装置干吸工序共6种串酸流程,分别计算了6种不同串酸流程的最终吸收塔出口烟气和成品酸中的SO_2浓度。计算结果表明:采取设置SO_2脱吸塔的串酸流程可以有效降低最终吸收塔出口烟气和成品酸中的SO_2浓度,是较为经济合理的串酸流程。     

硫酸生产装置低温位热能回收技术的开发及应用

介绍了硫酸生产装置热能回收利用现状及与热能回收技术相关的耐腐蚀材料和酸冷却器的发展概况,重点叙述了国内外开发硫酸生产装置低温位热能回收技术的原理、工艺技术和主要设备等,并针对硫酸生产装置设置低温位热能回收系统提出了可供选择的三种建设方案,指出国产化工艺技术具有技术可靠、投资省、见效快、经济效益显著等特点。     

硫酸装置低温热回收系统效率分析

介绍800 kt/a硫磺制酸低温热回收系统工艺流程、主要设备规格及运行参数,分析了低温热回收系统蒸汽产量存在偏差的原因。通过理论分析:计算出各负荷状态下低温热回收系统的热能利用率。     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.     

The annual cycle of Flehmen in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)

Flehmen is a stereotyped response of ungulates and other mammals to urine. In black-tailed deer, Flehmen occurs typically in males (rarely in females), and its frequency shows an annual cycle. Flehmen in response to female urine was most frequent in November, and to male urine in January. The response minimum to both types of urine occurred in May. Fifty-five to 100% of initial responses to female urine resulted in Flehmen. The deer responded more often to female urine, and the difference between the responses to female and male urine increased from May to November. A male's own urine released Flehmen more often than did urine of other males. The response intensity varied with the spatial orientation of the male to the urinating female, and responses were usually limited to distances of 15 m or less.     

Catalysis, a driver for sustainability and societal challenges

Catalysis is an enabling technology to promote sustainability, environment, energy, health and quality of life. This contribution discusses the role of catalysis in achieving these objectives and some of the factors which will drive the changes in catalysis research in the next years, in particular the need to go to more sustainable and modular-design of the chemical processes (F³-factory), the use of biomass and of renewables, including solar energy, and the challenges offered from electrocatalysis. It is also emphasized the need to strength research on catalysis, and some examples of how to overcome fragmentation barriers, particularly in catalysis areas (homo-, hetero- and bio-) and in academy–industry interactions. The need to create a longer term vision and strong collaborations in order to develop a knowledge platform, in order to accelerate the innovation path. Finally, the need to develop new catalytic materials, particularly of tailoring catalyst nano-architectures and develop new catalysts based on the concepts of nanoreactors and catalytic nanofactories are discussed.     

An Update on Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Neural Growth and Central Nervous System Regeneration

Thanks to their reduced size, great surface area, and capacity to interact with cells and tissues, nanomaterials present some attractive biological and chemical characteristics with potential uses in the field of biomedical applications. In this context, graphene and its chemical derivatives have been extensively used in many biomedical research areas from drug delivery to bioelectronics and tissue engineering. Graphene-based nanomaterials show excellent optical, mechanical, and biological properties. They can be used as a substrate in the field of tissue engineering due to their conductivity, allowing to study, and educate neural connections, and guide neural growth and differentiation; thus, graphene-based nanomaterials represent an emerging aspect in regenerative medicine. Moreover, there is now an urgent need to develop multifunctional and functionalized nanomaterials able to arrive at neuronal cells through the blood-brain barrier, to manage a specific drug delivery system. In this review, we will focus on the recent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo, also combining graphene with other smart materials to achieve the best benefits in the fields of nervous tissue engineering and neural regenerative medicine. We will then highlight the potential use of these graphene-based materials to construct graphene 3D scaffolds able to stimulate neural growth and regeneration in vivo for clinical applications.     

安克锰锌在荔枝树上施用的残留代谢消解规律与安全性评价

安克锰锌是烯酰吗啉两个异构体和代森锰锌组成的多元混合制剂。试样经粉碎、溶剂浸泡提取、混合柱净化,用气相色谱测定烯酰吗啉和代森锰锌母体(CS2),液相色谱测定代谢物乙撑硫脲(ETU)。仪器最低检出量:烯酰吗啉为1.436×10-12g,代森锰锌母体1.326×10-10g,ETU2.5×10-10g,最低检出浓度依次为0.02、0.025、0.02mg/kg,方法回收率依次为86.4%～90.8%、89.2%～95.9%、89.10%～95.13%;标准偏差为0.53～4.34;变异系数为0.58%～4.62%。安克锰锌在果皮中的消解方程广西和广东分别为C=1.2719e-0.1975T和C=1.045e-0.1972T,半衰期(T/2)均为3.5d;土壤中分别为C=0.8734e-0.1187T和C=0.6171e-0.1146T,半衰期(T/2)=6d;最高剂量250倍、最多施3次,最短距收期7d,在果肉中均未检出,果皮和土壤中的残留仅分别为0.1385～0.1745mg/kg和0.3105～0.3415mg/kg,均低于欧共体规定代森锰锌MRL值0.5mg/kg。     

现状问题思考--现代陶艺创作感受

20世纪的中国，以改革开放大潮为契机，形成了八十年代的艺术引进大潮。它以西方现代艺术为观念性依托，以照搬、借鉴为化合手段，充分显示了中国艺术的开放性和包容性的特色，寻求西方现代艺术与中国艺术在本质上的协调性。使中国艺术家对艺术精神的把握，在观念上向前迈进了一步。艺术家的主要注意力不是对于传统艺术中的若干程式语言的承键，而是着意于对艺术结构自身的探索和对艺术本体的体味。在写实、写真方面，也注重对艺术的文化精神的把握和提升。也正是由于在这样一种大的艺术语境下，现代陶艺才能得以成为我们艺术家创作的一个方向。     

Mitochondrial Mechanisms in Septic Cardiomyopathy

Sepsis is the manifestation of the immune and inflammatory response to infection that may ultimately result in multi organ failure. Despite the therapeutic strategies that have been used up to now, sepsis and septic shock remain a leading cause of death in critically ill patients. Myocardial dysfunction is a well-described complication of severe sepsis, also referred to as septic cardiomyopathy, which may progress to right and left ventricular pump failure. Many substances and mechanisms seem to be involved in myocardial dysfunction in sepsis, including toxins, cytokines, nitric oxide, complement activation, apoptosis and energy metabolic derangements. Nevertheless, the precise underlying molecular mechanisms as well as their significance in the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy remain incompletely understood. A well-investigated abnormality in septic cardiomyopathy is mitochondrial dysfunction, which likely contributes to cardiac dysfunction by causing myocardial energy depletion. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to cause mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy, although it remains controversially discussed whether some mechanisms impair mitochondrial function or serve to restore mitochondrial function. The purpose of this review is to discuss mitochondrial mechanisms that may causally contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and/or may represent adaptive responses to mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy.     

Reprogramming of Plant Central Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stresses: A Metabolomics View

Abiotic stresses rewire plant central metabolism to maintain metabolic and energy homeostasis. Metabolites involved in the plant central metabolic network serve as a hub for regulating carbon and energy metabolism under various stress conditions. In this review, we introduce recent metabolomics techniques used to investigate the dynamics of metabolic responses to abiotic stresses and analyze the trend of publications in this field. We provide an updated overview of the changing patterns in central metabolic pathways related to the metabolic responses to common stresses, including flooding, drought, cold, heat, and salinity. We extensively review the common and unique metabolic changes in central metabolism in response to major abiotic stresses. Finally, we discuss the challenges and some emerging insights in the future application of metabolomics to study plant responses to abiotic stresses.     

Towards Precision Medicine for Osteoarthritis: Focus on the Synovial Fluid Proteome

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint degenerative disease that most affects old age. The study of proteomics in synovial fluid (SF) has the task of providing additional elements to diagnose and predict the progress of OA. This review aims to identify the most significant biomarkers in the study of OA and to stimulate their routine use. Some of the major components of the ECM, such as proteoglycan aggrecan and decorin, were found considerably reduced in OA. Some biomarkers have proved useful for staging the temporality of OA: Periostin was found to be increased in early OA, while CRTA1 and MMPs were found to be increased in late OA. In its natural attempt at tissue regeneration, Collagen III was found to be increased in early OA while decreased in late OA. Some molecules studied in other areas, such as ZHX3 (oncological marker), LYVE1, and VEGF (lymph and angiogenesis markers), also have been found to be altered in OA. It also has been recorded that alteration of the hormonal pathway, using a dosage of PPAR-γ and RETN, can influence the evolution of OA. IL-1, one of the most investigated biomarkers in OA-SF, is not as reliable as a target of OA in recent studies. The study of biomarkers in SF appears to be, in combination with the clinical and radiological aspects, an additional weapon to address the diagnosis and staging of OA. Therefore, it can guide us more appropriately towards the indication of arthroplasty in patients with OA.     

催化两器衬里烘炉后失强原因分析

对国内某炼油厂催化裂化装置沉降器和再生器（两器）衬里烘炉后出现强度偏低的问题,从系统因素入手,对衬里材料、施工质量控制、烘炉过程控制、环境影响、综合因素等方面进行分析,衬里发生了碱-集料反应是造成衬里质量问题的主要原因.提出改进措施,加强对耐火衬里碱-集料反应研究,严格限制材料中碱和活性物质含量,针对不同地区的实际环境,合理安排设备制造与衬里施工计划,避开不适宜的时间段施工,缩短衬里浇筑后的放置时间,同时加强通风养护,及时脱水烘炉,严格控制烘炉过程的升温速度和持续时间等,避免出现类似问题.