脱臭馏出物中植物甾醇的回收

从植物甾醇开发的必要性出发，简述了几种从油脂脱臭馏出物中提取植物甾醇的工艺方法，为植物甾醇的研究及工业化生产提供参考。     

脱臭馏出物中提取天然VE和植物甾醇

介绍了植物油脂脱臭馏出物中天然VE和植物甾醇的多种提取工艺，对现有工艺的优缺点进行了评述。由国内工业化现状提出了脱臭馏出物综合利用需进一步加强的问题。     

脱臭馏出物分离天然VE预处理方法的研究

为了从脱臭馏出物中分子蒸馏分离天然VE,建立了乙酯化和超声波结晶脱甾醇预处理脱臭馏出物的新方法。超声波结晶脱甾醇的最佳条件为：养晶时间2h、养晶温度O℃、料液比1：10,甾醇回收率达到59．96％。结果表明乙酯化处理清洁无污染,节约能源。超声结晶的方法明显高于传统结晶方法的回收率,新方法有效可行。     

大豆油脱臭馏出物中同时提取角鲨烯、生育酚和植物甾醇的工艺研究

采用酯化—高真空蒸馏工艺路线,从大豆油脱臭馏出物中同时提取角鲨烯、生育酚及植物甾醇。考察酯化条件(甲醇、催化剂浓硫酸用量及反应时间)对酯化率、角鲨烯和生育酚含量的影响。优化得到的最佳工艺为:催化剂浓硫酸添加量0.5%,醇油摩尔比10∶1,反应温度70℃,反应时间120 min,大豆油脱臭馏出物酯化率达到98.2%,生育酚和角鲨烯保留率分别为97.7%和97.5%。酯化后的物料通过冷析结晶,抽滤得到植物甾醇粗品,滤液高真空蒸馏,初步分离得到脂肪酸甲酯、角鲨烯、生育酚等组分。各组分中角鲨烯富集到12.2%,生育酚富集到28.6%,植物甾醇富集到60%左右,初步实现了大豆油脱臭馏出物中角鲨烯、生育酚、植物甾醇的同时提取,为角鲨烯、生育酚及植物甾醇的进一步富集提供了参考依据。     

提取植物甾醇的试验研究

大豆油脱臭馏出物是油脂精炼过程中得到的副产物。本研究通过高效液相色谱法定性和定量分析，测定原料中甾醇的含量为9,55％．其中菜油甾醇＋豆甾醇的含量为5．147％，β-谷甾醇的含量为4．403％；通过正交试验，进一步确定了甾醇精制的最佳工艺每件为料液比（粗甾醇质量：乙醇体积）1：20，养晶终止温度-5℃．养晶时间16h。精制甾醇的纯度可以达到95％，得率达到90％。     

脱臭馏出物酶法制备植物甾醇酯的研究

本文报导了一种从脱臭馏出物中酶法制备植物甾醇酯的工艺,包括脂肪酶催化的水解反应与酯化反应、分子蒸馏、脱色、脱臭等步骤.在Novozym 435的催化下,馏出物中甾醇的转化率达到85.3%,再经过提纯,得到含量为95.3%的优质甾醇酯产品.     

米糠油及其脱臭馏出物中生育酚和生育三烯酚的分析检测

对米糠油及其脱臭馏出物中生育酚及生育三烯酚含量进行检测分析,结果表明,米糠来源和米糠油精炼工艺对米糠油及其脱臭馏出物中α、β、γ、δ-生育酚和生育三烯酚的含量有显著影响。米糠毛油中生育三烯酚占维生素E总量的60%～70%,脱臭馏出物中生育三烯酚占维生素E总量的25%～40%,米糠油脱臭馏出物维生素E总量中生育三烯酚的含量较米糠毛油有较大的损失。通过对米糠油脱臭馏出物不皂化物的分析检测可知,米糠油脱臭馏出物中主要甾醇的种类为豆甾醇、菜油甾醇、谷甾醇,总甾醇含量很少,仅为0.32%;除此之外,还有少量日耳曼甾醇、羊毛甾醇、3,5-二烯豆甾烷等。     

超临界CO2萃取分离植物甾醇的研究

研究了超临界 Ｃ Ｏ２ 萃取分离油脂脱臭馏出物中植物甾醇的工艺条件。结果表明：当萃取温度为 ４０℃～６０℃,压力为 １５ Ｍ Ｐａ～３０ Ｍ Ｐａ 时,植物甾醇纯度达到 ５０％ ～９５％ ,回收率达到８５％ ～４１％ 。     

植物甾醇分析和纯化

对不同脱臭馏出物生产的甾醇粗制品的成分进行了检测,并对不同溶剂纯化甾醇粗制品的效果进行了分析.结果表明,不同脱臭馏出物来源的甾醇粗制品,不仅杂质含量不同,且杂质的种类也不同.以大豆油脱臭馏出物生产的甾醇粗制品中,其杂质主要是蜡,易采用正己烷和乙酸乙酯进行重结晶精制,精制甾醇的纯度可达96%以上.以菜籽油脱臭馏出物生产的甾醇粗制品中,杂质主要是长链烷烃,易采用正己烷进行重结晶精制,精制甾醇的纯度也可达96%以上.     

油脂脱臭馏出物的组成与市场前景

脱臭馏出物是脱臭工序的副产物 ,其中含有游离脂肪酸、甘油酯、臭味物质、氧化分解产物、生育酚、甾醇及甾醇酯等。目前 ,脱臭馏出物因其中富含生育酚和甾醇而具有很高的应用价值。优化脱臭系统和妥善处理收集脱臭馏出物是提高脱臭馏出物中生育酚含量的有效方法。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the