纳米膜法过滤脱氯淡盐水中SO2-4的应用研究

针对采用纳米膜过滤脱氯淡盐水中SO2-4装置运行中的具体问题,结合纳米膜过滤脱氯淡盐水中SO2-4生产装置的实际运行数据与纳米膜过滤运行特点,对纳米膜过滤装置应用情况分时间段进行了分析研究,从而总结出了纳米膜过滤技术实际应用过程中的一些变化规律,找出了提高纳米膜过滤脱氯淡盐水中SO2-4装置能力的有效措施.     

赖氨酸生产废水氨氮的综合处理工艺

对预先去除了SS和SO42-后赖氨酸浓废水和稀废水的NH3-N进行处理,采用浓废水(pH为12.5~13.0)空气吹脱-厌氧-兼氧-混合解脱废水(pH为11.0),空气再吹脱-混合反洗废水好氧-混合糖化废水A/O2-膜生物反应器等方法处理。结果表明,浓废水NH3-N的质量浓度由4 808 mg/L最终降至71 mg/L,去除率98.52%。最终出水NH3-N的质量浓度15mg/L,符合GB8978-2002一级排放标准,反硝化脱氮率77.1%。对2次空气吹脱之NH3,采用罐封连管引风机装置抽吸回收,与H2SO4反应生成(NH4)2SO4,回用于生产,回收产品的产值扣除废水处理成本后,年收益103.56万元。     

50℃下K~+,Na~+//Cl~-,SO_4~(2-),NO_3~--H_2O体系相平衡研究

通过查阅文献,整理获得完整的50℃下K+,Na+//Cl-,SO42-,NO3--H2O体系相平衡实验数据,据此绘制出了该体系的平衡相图以及氯化钠饱和时的干盐投影图,并进行了分析。结果表明:在50℃下K+,Na+//Cl-,SO42-,NO3--H2O体系存在8个单盐结晶区、18个两盐共饱面、16条三盐共饱曲线和5个零变量点。8个单盐结晶区分别是:NaCl、NaNO3、3K2SO4·Na2SO4、KCl、KNO3、Na2SO4、Na2SO4·NaNO3·H2O、K2SO4,其中Na2SO4、K2SO4及复盐3K2SO4·Na2SO4的结晶区较大,对应的溶解度较小,NaNO3、Na2SO4·NaNO3·H2O盐的结晶区较小,对应溶解度较大。在氯化钠饱和时的干盐图中,有6个两盐共饱面、9条单变量曲线和4个零变量点。和25℃下的相图相比,复盐3K2SO4·Na2SO4和Na2SO4·NaNO3·H2O的饱和区均有较大程度地缩小。     

氟硅酸钠母液在磷矿浮选中的应用研究

采用生产氟硅酸钠的母液作为磷矿浮选过程中的pH调整剂,部分代替硫酸实现二次废水回收利用。通过研究不同组成的母液对磷矿浮选过程中磷精矿残留MgO量的影响,初步分析母液中H2SO4和H2SiF6对磷矿脱镁的影响;同时,研究氟盐母液不同比例代替硫酸对磷精矿残留MgO量的影响。结果表明,氟盐母液具有一定的脱镁效果,可以代替50%~75%的硫酸使用量,与硫酸配合使用的脱镁效果能够满足工业生产需要。     

贫燃条件下丙烯选择还原NO铜基SO_4~(2-)改性钛交联蒙脱催化剂的制备与性能

采用水热法制备钛交联蒙脱土,SO2-4改性后作为载体,担载上铜,制成铜基SO2-4改性钛交联蒙脱土(Cu Ti PILM/SO2-4)催化剂,用C3H6作还原剂,考察了贫燃条件下不同空速、不同氧浓度以及H2O对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,SO2-4用量w(SO2-4)为30%、Cu2+担载量w(Cu2+)为5%、500℃焙烧制得的Cu Ti PILM/SO2-4催化活性高,反应温度为250℃时,能使NO转化率高达70 6%,在水蒸气存在下,NO最大转化率仅下降7 0%。     

五元体系Li~+,K~+//CO_3~(2-),SO_4~(2-),B_4O_7~(2-)-H_2O 273K介稳相平衡研究

采用等温蒸发法研究了五元体系Li+、K+//CO32-、SO42-、B4O72-、H2O 273 K介稳相平衡关系,测定了它们在273 K条件下的介稳平衡的溶解度和溶液密度,根据实验数据绘制了相应的该五元体系在273 K条件下Li2CO3饱和的介稳平衡相图(干盐投影图和水含量图)。研究结果表明该五元体系介稳平衡中有复盐K2SO4-Li2SO4生成,其低温273 K时介稳相图中有4个共饱点和9条单变量曲线,6个Li2CO3饱和的结晶区分别为LiBO2-8H2O、K2B4O7-4H2O、K2CO3-3/2H2O、K2SO4、Li2SO4-H2O和复盐K2SO4-Li2SO4。对该五元体系在288 K和273 K时的介稳平衡相图进行了比较和讨论。     

味精生产的浓废水预处理技术

对味精浓废水SS、SO42-、NH3-N的预处理,采用预处理和防垢同步进行的方法。即聚丙稀酰胺衍生物(PAM)絮凝分离SS—Ca(OH)2[1]与NaOH[2]混合共沉淀SO42-和Ca2+—空气吹脱NH3-N—草酸二次沉淀Ca2+。预处理过程中回收的菌蛋白质饲料、CaSO4·2H2O、(NH4)2SO4三种产品的总产值,扣除废水预处理成本后,年收益1028.5万元。     

可溶性铜盐配合物Cu(OH)42-氧化扁桃酸制备香兰素

以可溶性铜盐配合物Cu(OH)2-4作为氧化剂,选择性氧化扁桃酸制备香兰素。当二价铜盐Cu SO4·5H2O与扁桃酸的摩尔比值为2.5,体系p H=13.5,温度为95℃,反应时间为8 h,香兰素收率可达95.6%。二价铜盐在H2SO4溶液中由H2O2氧化Cu2O再生,再生后的二价铜盐的活性无明显下降,10次循环后香兰素的收率仍可达95.4%。     

298 K时三元体系MeSO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O的相平衡

用等温溶解平衡法研究了298 K时MeSO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O三元体系的溶解度,并绘制了平衡相图. 结果表明,在MnSO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O体系中,有MnSO4×H2O, (NH4)2Mn(SO4)2×6H2O和(NH4)2SO4 3条饱和曲线,组成为MnSO4×H2O和(NH4)2Mn(SO4)2×6H2O及(NH4)2Mn(SO4)2×6H2O和(NH4)2SO4的2个共饱和点,以及平衡固相为(NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2Mn(SO4)2×6H2O和MnSO4×H2O的3个纯盐结晶区. 在ZnSO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O体系中,有(NH4)2Zn(SO4)2×6H2O, ZnSO4×7H2O与(NH4)2SO4 3条饱和曲线,组成为(NH4)2Zn(SO4)2×6H2O和ZnSO4×7H2O及(NH4)2SO4和(NH4)2Zn(SO4)2×6H2O的2个共饱和点,以及平衡固相为(NH4)2Zn(SO4)2×6H2O, ZnSO4×7H2O和(NH4)2SO4的3个纯盐结晶区. 在(NH4)2SO4-FeSO4-H2O体系中,有(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2×6H2O, FeSO4×7H2O和(NH4)2SO4的3条饱和曲线,组成为(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2×6H2O和FeSO4×7H2O及(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2×6H2O和(NH4)2SO4的2个共饱和点,以及平衡固相为(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2×6H2O, FeSO4×7H2O和(NH4)2SO4的3个纯盐结晶区. 研究结果既为含Fe2+, Mn2+和Zn2+溶液的复盐沉淀深度净化提供了理论指导,同时也为四元体系的研究奠定了基础.     

盐水精制过程中硫酸钡的回收

盐水精制工艺中去除硫酸根离子一般采用"钡法",即往盐水中加入BaCl2与盐水中的SO2-4发生反应,生成 BaSO4沉淀.这部分硫酸钡应得到回收.太原化工股份有限公司氯碱分公司(简称"太化公司氯碱分公司")在搅拌状态下,分别向定量的来自离子膜电解槽的淡盐水与蒸发化盐产生的回收盐水中加入氯化钡溶液.为回收硫酸钡,淡盐水静置12 h后,分析清液中的盐含量达到要求后,分析过滤、干燥得到的BaSO4沉淀,其含量、白度等均达标.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。