顶空固相微萃取结合GC-MS测定酱油中的羟甲基糠醛衍生物

为研究市售酱油中羟甲基糠醛衍生物的含量差异及评估其安全性,本文收集不同的酱油样品,应用顶空固相微萃取(SPME)结合气相色谱-串联质谱分析(GC-MS)检测其中的羟甲基糠醛衍生物。结果表明,从5种市售酱油中鉴定出3种羟甲基糠醛衍生物,分别为糠醛、2-乙基-1-己醇和5-甲基糠醛。它们在3.33~666.67μg/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,检测限在3.33×10~(-1)μg/L以下,定量限在3.33μg/L及以下。加标回收率实验表明,对酱油直接进行SPME萃取分析回收率不符合国标要求,而将酱油用蒸馏水稀释5倍后进行SPME萃取分析回收率在82.23%~115.04%之间,日内准确度在93.31%~111.50%之间,日间准确度范围在93.02%~115.91%之间,日内精密度≤4.36%,日间精密度≤8.02%。五种酱油中糠醛含量在70.14~98.75μg/L之间,2-乙基-1-己醇含量在66.61~79.20μg/L之间,5-甲基糠醛含量在221.87~527.40μg/L之间。以上结果表明,虽然不同酱油中羟甲基糠醛衍生物含量有显著差异,但人们日常食用酱油的量,并不足以导致产生羟甲基糠醛衍生物的不良反应。     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定焙烤食品中的丙烯酰胺、4-甲基咪唑与5-羟甲基糠醛

建立了同时测定焙烤食品中丙烯酰胺、4-甲基咪唑和5-羟甲基糠醛的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品中加入同位素内标后,以水和乙腈超声提取,QuEChERS净化,正己烷脱脂,UPLC-MS/MS分离检测,丙烯酰胺和4-甲基咪唑以同位素内标定量。在优化条件下,3种待测物的方法检出限在1.5μg/kg~7.0μg/kg之间;在2.0μg/L~500μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9990;在面包、蛋糕和饼干样品中进行3个水平的添加实验,平均回收率(n=6)为87.8~115.7%,日内精密度为3.2~9.6%;日间精密度(n=5)小于11.5%。本方法净化效果好,灵敏度高、准确性好,适用于焙烤食品中丙烯酰胺、4-甲基咪唑和5-羟甲基糠醛的同时测定。     

酱香型白酒生产酒醅中呋喃类物质研究

应用顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)方法研究中国酱香型白酒酒醅中的呋喃类物质。从酒醅中检出9种呋喃类物质,包括糠醛、2-乙酰基呋喃、乙酸糠酯、5-甲基糠醛、丙酸糠酯、糠酸乙酯、2-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃、糠醇、丁酸糠酯,并对其中7种进行了全定量分析,另外2种作了半定量分析。研究发现,酱香型白酒中的糠醛主要在蒸馏过程中产生。     

酱香型白酒生产酒醅中呋喃类物质研究

应用顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)方法研究中国酱香型白酒酒醅中的呋喃类物质.从酒醅中检出9种呋喃类物质,包括糠醛、2-乙酰基呋喃、乙酸糠酯、5-甲基糠醛、丙酸糠酯、糠酸乙酯、2-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃、糠醇、丁酸糠酯,并对其中7种进行了全定量分析,另外2种作了半定量分析.研究发现,酱香型白酒中的糠醛主要在蒸馏过程中产生.     

HPLC法测定麦芽中的5-羟甲基糠醛

5-羟甲基糠醛是影响啤酒风味老化的物质之一,且食用过多对人体有害。啤酒中该物质主要来源于原料麦芽。建立了麦芽中5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)的提取方法并优化,同时运用高效液相色谱对其进行检测。试验结果表明在0~0.505 mg/m L范围内线性相关系数为r2=0.998,方法检测限(仪器三倍信噪比)为3.36 mg/L。5-羟甲基糠醛平均回收率为95.40%,相对标准偏差为2.07%,N=9。因此该方法能够有效、快速地测定麦芽中的5-羟甲基糠醛,同时有助于啤酒风味稳定性的研究,为5-羟甲基糠醛后续研究提供参考。     

高效液相色谱法检测梅州客家娘酒中5-羟甲基糠醛

该研究建立了一种利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定梅州客家娘酒中5-羟甲基糠醛含量的检测方法。样品经水稀释，采用安捷伦C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)，以甲醇∶水=20∶80(V/V)为流动相，等度洗脱，柱温30℃；流速1.0 m L/min，检测波长284 nm。在该色谱条件下，5-羟甲基糠醛呈现较好的分离效果和重现性，保留时间为5.057 min，在1～50μg/m L质量浓度范围内其含量与峰面积呈现良好线性关系(相关系数R2为0.999 6)，加标回收率为88.64%～102.13%，精密度、重现性试验结果相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.28%、0.06%。该方法检出限、定量限分别为0.127 8 mg/kg、0.387 4 mg/kg。用该方法测得梅州客家娘酒样品中5-羟甲基糠醛含量为0.956 4 g/kg。该方法准确可靠，重复性好，可以用于梅州客家娘酒中5-羟甲基糠醛含量分析。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定酱油专用焦糖中5-羟甲基糠醛和糠醛

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE-HPLC)法测定酱油专用焦糖中5-羟甲基糠醛和糠醛的方法。样品经水稀释,亲水亲油平衡(HLB)固相萃取柱净化,洗脱液静置沉淀后,用水稀释并过0.45μm滤膜。流动相为水和乙腈梯度洗脱,经Symmetry Shield RP18色谱柱分离,在紫外检测器280nm波长条件下进行测定。该方法在0.5~100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R2均大于0.999,相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.5%~4.6%之间,加标回收率在87.1%~99.2%之间。5-羟甲基糠醛和糠醛的方法检出限分别为0.039mg/kg和0.041mg/kg。     

HS-SPME-GC-MS测定食醋中羟甲基糠醛衍生物的研究

利用顶空固相微萃取串联气相色谱质谱法（HS-SPME-GC-MS）测定食醋中羟甲基糠醛（HMF）衍生物,评估不同食醋中羟甲 基糠醛衍生物的含量差异及其对食品安全的影响。 从食醋中鉴定出糠醛,5-甲基糠醛和2-乙基-1-己醇共3种羟甲基糠醛衍生物,加标 回收率在81.62%～96.47%之间。 利用该方法测定的市售五种食醋中,糠醛含量最高为7 077.31 μg/L,最低为179.23 μg/L,5-甲基糠醛 含量最高为684.27 μg/L,最低为260.47 μg/L,2-乙基-1-己醇含量最高为107.21 μg/L,最低为62.13 μg/L。 以上结果表明,不同食醋中羟 甲基糠醛的含量具有显著差异（P＜0.05）,但日常的食醋量不会引起人体不良反应。     

5-羟甲基糠醛、糠醛、乙酰呋喃、呋喃酮、5-甲基糠醛的高效液相检测方法

在高效液相色谱检测呋喃酮方法的基础上,建立多呋喃物质(5-羟甲基糠醛、糠醛、乙酰呋喃、呋喃酮、5-甲基糠醛)的检测方法。色谱柱为UltimateXB-C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),柱温为35℃,进样量10μL,波长285nm,流速0.8mL/min。脱洗梯度条件:0~2min,甲醇-0.5%甲酸(15∶85,体积比);2min^24min,甲醇-0.5%甲酸(50∶50,体积比);24min^27min,甲醇-0.5%甲酸(100∶0,体积比);27min^29min,甲醇-0.5%甲酸(100∶0,体积比);29min^33min,甲醇-0.5%甲酸(15∶85,体积比)。检测5-羟甲基糠醛、糠醛、呋喃酮、乙酰呋喃、5-甲基糠醛的回收率分别为97.8%~99.6%、95.4%~97.3%、96.3%~97.2%、95.3%~98.3%、94.3%~97.9%,变异系数分别为3.3%、4.3%、0.89%、5.3%、1.4%。适合检测5-羟甲基糠醛、糠醛、呋喃酮、乙酰呋喃、5-甲基糠醛5种呋喃物质。     

QuEChERs-同位素内标—气相色谱—串联质谱法快速测定茶叶中4种糠醛类物质

目的:检测茶叶中糠醛类物质。方法:建立了同时测定茶叶中糠醛、5-甲基糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛和2-乙酰呋喃的气相色谱—串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS),对样品的前处理方法及GC-MS/MS方法进行了优化。采用糠醛-D4作为内标,样品经过乙腈提取,QuEChERs法进行处理净化,GC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)进行测定。结果:4种糠醛类物质在1.25~200.00 μg/L的质量浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数≥0.999 0,方法检出限(S/N=3)均为1 μg/kg,加标回收率范围在89.10%~113.02%。经过对市售茶叶的检测,大部分都检出含有糠醛类物质。结论:该方法简便、快速,可以消除茶叶中复杂基质的干扰,结果准确可靠、灵敏度高,适用于茶叶中4种糠醛类物质的同时测定。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the