超声波处理玉米芯制备低聚木糖的条件优化

考察了试验室规模下超声波处理玉米芯提取木聚糖经酶水解制备低聚木糖的影响因素,通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化了提取和水解条件。结果表明:以质量分数5%Na OH溶液为提取剂,超声功率为180 W,超声温度为60℃的条件下提取45 min,木聚糖产率可达到33.18%。所得提取液经脱色,调p H,调木聚糖底物浓度后酶水解制备低聚木糖。最佳酶解条件为:木聚糖底物质量浓度10 mg/m L,加酶量质量分数1.5%(相对于玉米芯干物料),酶水解时间为8 h的条件下,水解液中还原糖的质量浓度达到6.89 mg/m L。     

玉米芯碱法提取木聚糖及其酶解制备低聚木糖的工艺研究

采用碱法提取制备玉米芯木聚糖,以提取率为指标,研究了碱液浓度、提取温度、处理时间、提取振荡速度、醇沉p H等因素对提取率的影响,通过木聚糖酶酶解木聚糖提取低聚木糖,以酶解产物中还原糖含量、可溶性总糖含量及平均聚合度DP为指标,采用正交试验探讨了酶浓度、酶解温度、酶解时间、p H值、底物浓度对酶解产物的影响,得出酶解玉米芯木聚糖制备低聚木糖的最佳工艺条件为:底物浓度为12%(w/v),酶解p H为4,酶解温度为45℃条件下添加0.06%(w/v)的木聚糖酶,酶解8h,得到总糖含量为18.88mg/m L,还原糖含量为9.46 mg/m L,聚合度DP为1.85。     

酶法处理油茶籽壳制备低聚木糖工艺的优化

优化酶解处理油茶籽壳制备低聚木糖的工艺条件。以油茶籽壳为原料,经碱法制备木聚糖粗提液。以所得的木聚糖粗提液为原料,低聚木糖浓度为考核指标,酶解温度、木聚糖酶使用量、酶解时间和木聚糖底物浓度为变量因子,进行单因素试验。在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面法对酶法制备低聚木糖工艺进行优化研究。结果表明,最佳的制备工艺为:酶添加量5%、酶解时间10 h、酶解温度49℃、底物浓度2%。在此优化酶解工艺条件下,测得低聚木糖浓度为11.63 g/L,比未优化前提高4.63 g/L。试验所得到的酶解处理油茶籽壳制备低聚木糖的工艺条件具有实用价值,能为提高利用油料加工副产物油茶籽壳的附加值提供理论依据。     

超声波预处理棉籽壳酶法制备低聚木糖的工艺研究

本文以棉籽壳为原料制备低聚木糖。以超声温度、超声时间,料液比和Na OH浓度为单因素,采用正交实验设计确定了超声波预处理提取木聚糖的最优条件,即超声温度60℃,超声时间30 min,料液比为1∶15,Na OH浓度为8%,此时木聚糖得率为33.66%。在单因素料液比、加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度的实验基础上,根据Box-Benhnken中心组合实验设计原理,采用4因素3水平的响应面分析法,以低聚木糖含量为响应值建立数学模型,确定了最佳酶解工艺条件:料液比1∶20,加酶量4%,酶解时间3.5 h,酶解温度64℃,此时低聚木糖含量为3.35 mg/m L。     

重组木聚糖酶酶解玉米芯制备低聚木糖

研究了蒸煮法及碱提法对玉米芯木聚糖的提取效果,并利用重组木聚糖酶Xyn A对玉米芯低聚木糖的酶解制备条件进行了优化。对木聚糖得率及酶解产物进行了分析,确定碱提法所得玉米芯木聚糖适宜作为酶解底物制备低聚木糖。优化后得到酶解制备玉米芯低聚木糖的工艺条件:底物浓度0.9%,酶解温度49℃,酶解时间4.5 h,还原糖量可达33.9%。另外,对酶解成分进行分析,结果表明酶解碱提玉米芯木聚糖可产生以木二糖及木三糖为主要成分的低聚木糖。     

娄彻氏链霉菌木聚糖酶水解玉米芯高温蒸煮液高效制备低聚木糖

系统考察具有高度催化特异性的娄彻氏链霉菌L10904所产木聚糖酶在工业制备低聚木糖中的应用。以玉米芯高温蒸煮喷爆液为水解底物,通过单因素及Box-Benhnken响应面试验优化低聚木糖的生产工艺。结果显示,最佳酶解条件:反应体系pH 5.3,水解时间7.0 h,加酶量10.0 U/m L,水解温度59℃。较优化前木二、木三糖的还原糖占比提高了32.96%,具有较好的应用前景。     

酶法制备玉米芯低聚木糖工艺条件的研究

采用质量分数为10％的NaOH提取玉米芯木聚糖,并对玉米芯木聚糖进行酶法水解,响应面法(RSM法)优化酶解条件.结果表明:玉米芯木聚糖的最佳酶解条件为酶添加量70 U/g、反应时间10 h、玉米芯木聚糖悬浮液质量浓度4 g/(100ml).TLC及HPLC分析表明:酶解液中含有木糖、木二糖、木三糖、木四糖,其中木二糖和木三糖的含量较高.HPLC定量结果表明酶解液中木糖、木二糖和木三糖的含量分别为1.7、3.1和3.6 mg/ml.     

响应面分析法优化微波处理玉米芯酶法制备低聚木糖工艺

针对微波处理玉米芯酶法制备低聚木糖的工艺,通过单因素实验选取实验因素与水平,在单因素实验的基础上采用3因素3水平的响应面分析法,依据回归分析确定各工艺条件的影响因子,以还原糖含量为响应值作响应面图。结果表明:微波处理玉米芯酶法制备低聚木糖的最佳工艺条件为微波处理压力2.0MPa、微波处理时间4min、加酶量0.8%(相对于原料玉米芯),在此条件下水解液中还原糖含量可达到10.44mg/mL。最佳条件下的TLC显示:微波处理玉米芯酶解液主要成分以木二糖和木三糖为主,另有少量的木四糖以及很少量的木糖。     

利用少动鞘氨醇单胞菌酶解制备棉籽壳低聚木糖

本文研究了利用自筛菌株酶法制备棉籽壳低聚木糖的基本工艺。低聚木糖是主要的功能性食品添加剂,棉籽壳是生产低聚木糖的良好来源。因此,如何有效的从棉籽壳中提取低聚木糖成为亟待解决的问题。本研究中通过筛选鉴定(法国梅里埃生物自动识别系统)得到一株新的产内切型木聚糖酶的菌株-少动鞘氨醇单孢菌。通过酶解木聚糖工艺的优化,结果表明:当酶解温度为30℃,酶解8 h,木聚糖酶的浓度15%,底木聚糖浓度为40 g/L时,低聚木糖的得率可达到53.20%,经HPLC分析,酶解野种木二糖和木三糖占低聚木糖总量的48.56%,低聚木糖占总糖的82%以上,以上研究可为工业生产低聚木糖工艺的优化提供依据。     

酶法制备黑小麦麸皮阿魏酰低聚木糖的工艺优化

研究黑小麦麸皮阿魏酰低聚木糖(FOs)的酶法制备工艺。用木聚糖酶酶解水不溶性膳食纤维制备FOs,通过HPLC分析方法,并结合双波长法和薄层层析法对FOs的含量和组成进行分析。在加酶量、反应时间、p H、温度4个单因素实验基础上,采用四因素三水平的中心旋转设计,以FOs浓度为响应值,使用响应面分析法对FOs的制备工艺进行优化,得到最佳工艺参数为:加酶量15.5 mg/L,酶解时间22 h,温度46℃,p H4.8,在此条件下,FOs的浓度为0.4913 mmol/L。薄层层析和HPLC分析结果表明,酶解液中的低聚糖含有结合态阿魏酸,是阿魏酰低聚木糖。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the