无须可信第三方的防滥用公平交易协议*

基于改进的完美并发签名,提出了一个无须可信第三方的防滥用公平交易协议,该协议避免了既有方案中买方滥用交易信息获得额外利益的缺陷。协议中,买方对订单、支付凭证、数字内容进行模糊签名;卖方确认买方的消息内容后,对数字内容的哈希结果和买方的订单、支付凭证一起进行模糊签名,买方提供使签名公开可验证的keystone后,卖方提供数字内容的解密密钥。买、卖双方的签名数据中包含了数字内容、支付凭证、订单信息,使得买卖双方的模糊签名与交易信息形成惟一的绑定关系,避免任何一方对签名数据和交易信息的滥用。该协议无须可信第三方     

一种半可信第三方参与的数字水印协议

随着多媒体信息的数字化和计算机网络技术的高速发展,数字信息的安全维护问题日益突出.数字水印技术是保护数字作品版权的一个重要技术手段.为了实现非法拷贝追踪,保证交易的公平性,保护消费者权利,本文提出了一种基于半可信第三方参与的交互式数字水印协议.所谓交互式是指水印的产生及嵌入由买卖双方协作完成,协议中的第三方只参与争议仲裁,交易阶段并不知晓双方的交易信息,仲裁阶段也不知晓多媒体内容中嵌入的数字水印,达到保护买卖双方利益和隐私的目的.文中给出了半可信第三方参与的数字水印协议的详细描述,进行了安全性分析,同时讨论了该协议的特定实现.     

智能微电网中一种多对多售电利益优化算法研究

随着智能电网的发展,电力市场利益优化问题已成为制约微电网电力市场发展的关键。为此,提出一种基于遗传算法的电力交易优化模型。分析模型影响因素,得到利益目标函数,构建利益优化模型,同时,对买卖双方进行二进制编码,通过遗传算法进行卖方利益最大化运算,并在运算过程中得到买卖双方分配结果,实现利益优化。仿真结果表明,遗产算法可以有效地为电力交易模型找到可行的最优解,与松弛算法相比,更加合理且能得到更大利益。     

一种快速模糊推理系统

提出一种新的模糊推理系统，其模糊知识库具有紧致模糊规则库，即规则集为仅存储规则后的完全规则集，推理过程中可以根据当前输入信号值直接寻址被激励的模糊规则，从而只是有选择地执行被激励的规则，其优点是可以提高模糊推理速度，减少规则库存储容量，针对模糊芯片的VLSI实现，提出了可以根据输入信号值直接寻址被激励规则的电路。     

基于El Gamal算法的数字水印协议

针对目前数字水印协议中需要买方的频繁参与、要求买方了解签名或水印生成嵌入等技术以及没有很好地考虑到数字产品的使用控制等问题,提出一种安全实用、可扩展的数字水印协议。该协议利用具有同态性和可交换性的El Gamal加密算法及基于机器指纹的版权控制方案,在实现数字水印基本功能的同时,相当程度上兼顾了买卖双方的权益,以更接近传统交易的模式,改进用户的体验。     

用于盗版追踪的数字水印协议研究

设计了一种用于盗版追踪的基于数字水印的买卖交易协议。协议中,为了减少可信任第三方的在线参与,引入了一个无记忆的水印认证授权中心WCA,它能为买方一次产生多个数字水印,从而不需要参与买卖双方的每次数字产品交易。为了解决买方匿名问题,WCA应加密买方的数字证书,并通过买方将其传递给卖方,使买方在购买数字作品时方能保持匿名。此外,本协议能解决其它各种已知的安全问题,如消费者权益、水印绑定问题、共谋问题、争论问题。分析结果表明,提出的协议是安全有效的。     

一种安全公平的买方-买方水印协议

提出了一种基于交换加密技术的安全公平买方-卖方水印协议,用于保护数字内容版权。交易在买方和卖方之间进行,不需要额外的水印机构,也没有任何的信任要求。买卖双方都无法知道最终的水印内容,公共仲裁机构却有足够的证据进行公正的裁决,而且买方通过假名进行匿名交易,无需暴露自己的隐私。     

遥看iTP钱夹网上行

Tandem计算机公司(该公司去年已经和Compaq公司合并)发布了iTP支付解决方案以支持基于Web的安全电子商务。 在发布的当天,Tandem公司的全球市场副总裁Patrick Smyth说,安全电子商务(SET)标准是一个先进的在Internet上进行安全支付的开放协议。“iTP是一个端到端的基本结构、非常容易扩充,可以很容易地连接到对Internet上买卖双方的交易进行处理的安全鉴别系统中。”     

一种模糊多层关联规则挖掘算法

针对传统数据挖掘中的“尖锐边界”问题,采用将模糊理论和关联规则挖掘技术相结合的思想,在改进传统Apriori算法的基础上,结合多层关联规则挖掘的方法,提出了一种模糊多层关联规则挖掘算法。对模糊多层关联规则挖掘的基本概念进行了定义,详细描述了模糊多层关联规则挖掘算法。最后用Visual FoxPro6．0语言实现了该算法程序,通过交易数据库挖掘实验表明算法是有效的。     

模糊空间Petri网的规则表示及动态推理

为便于表示模糊空间Petri网的状态变迁规则,根据空间关联影响区域分布现实特点,提出了空间模糊Petri网中的状态关联影响规则、变迁关联影响规则和多阈值激活规则。依据模糊产生式规则的特点,详细描述了10种具体的推理规则和表示组件,并以实例加以说明。在此基础上,结合模糊空间Petri网的特点提出了动态推理过程算法,可以实现各种空间状态规则因子的转化。动态推理的过程不仅可以获取某种“结果”,而且可以挖掘基于空间位置关联的中间状态及引起中间状态变化的事件,可以有效地指导风险过程预测和控制。     

An adaptive attitude bidding strategy for agents in continuous double auctions

A continuous double auction (CDA) is an efficient market institution for real-world trading of commodities and electronic marketplaces. In this paper, we present the design and analysis of a new bidding strategy for buyer and seller agents participating in agent-based CDAs. The strategy employs heuristic rules and a reasoning mechanism based on a two-level adaptive bid-determination method, including short-term and long-term attitudes. Agents adopting the strategy dynamically adjust their behaviors in response to the changes of the supply and demand relationships in the market. Experimental results show that agents adopting the strategy outperform agents using other strategies reported in the literature.     

An adaptive attitude bidding strategy for agents in continuous double auctions

A continuous double auction (CDA) is an efficient market institution for real-world trading of commodities and electronic marketplaces. In this paper, we present the design and analysis of a new bidding strategy for buyer and seller agents participating in agent-based CDAs. The strategy employs heuristic rules and a reasoning mechanism based on a two-level adaptive bid-determination method, including short-term and long-term attitudes. Agents adopting the strategy dynamically adjust their behaviors in response to the changes of the supply and demand relationships in the market. Experimental results show that agents adopting the strategy outperform agents using other strategies reported in the literature.     

Buyer–seller fuzzy inventory model for a deteriorating item with discount

Multi-objective economic lot size models of deteriorating items for both the buyer and the seller are developed in crisp and fuzzy environments. A buyer tries to minimize total average cost and at the same time the seller maximizes the total average revenue allowing discount on bulk purchase with the restricted material cost of the buyer. Here, the total average expenditure for the buyer, the estimated total average revenue for the seller and the resource for the material purchase are assumed to be crisp (Model 1) and fuzzy (Model 2) in nature. The impreciseness in the above objectives and constraint have been expressed by fuzzy linear membership functions. It has been solved by the additive goal and fuzzy additive goal programming methods with different weights. Also, to ensure the achievement level, thresholds are considered in crisp and fuzzy models. All the models are illustrated with numerical examples and the results are compared.     

多智能体协同选择的智能导购模型

基于多智能体协同选择提出了一种导购选择模型,该模型可识别其他可信买方智能体("值得信赖的朋友"),并将它们关于卖方的信息结合自身关于卖方的信息综合起来协同选择质高价低的卖方,从而实现高质量的导购性能。构建了一个存在多种类型的买方和卖方的购物模拟环境,并进行了多组实验。实验结果表明,该模型可以准确地识别可信买方智能体,并可在复杂的购物环境中高效地选择出优质卖方。此外,实验结果还表明,有了该模型,单个买方智能体选择优质卖方的能力要明显高于无多智能体协同选择情况下单个买方智能体的选择能力。     

基于模糊约束规划的自动协商

给出了一个基于模糊约束规划模型的自动协商系统。建立了模糊约束规划模型并利用模糊模拟、神经网络和遗传算法给出了求解Pareto最优解的混合智能算法;协商过程中卖方智能体根据神经网络拟合的效用函数并运行混合智能体算法得到当前协商步的Pareto最优解,避免了对大型商品数据库的反复搜索,为系统推向实际应用奠定了基础;协商模型仿真实验表明了协商系统返回的解与实际调查得到的用户偏好相一致。     

An agent-based system for bilateral contracts of energy

In this paper, an agent-based system for bilateral contracts of energy is proposed. The generating companies submit their offers to the demand companies. The demand companies also submit their bids to the generators. Each load or generator’s agent wants to match with an opponent, which offers the most valuable proposal. However, the problem of simultaneous decision-making causes decision conflicts among the agents. To overcome this conflict, we assume loads as the leaders and generators as the followers. We use Stackelberg game to match the seller and buyer agents. The negotiation process between a buyer and its potential seller will determine the power price between them. This process is carried out through a proposed combined time-behavioral protocol (TBP). With negligible changes in around the agreed price, this protocol can reduce the negotiation time considerably. After successful negotiation, the seller and buyer agents could sign a bilateral contract of energy if the market conditions allow it. The applicability of the proposed method is illustrated through a case study.     

A fuzzy-logic based bidding strategy for autonomous agents in continuous double auctions

Increasingly, many systems are being conceptualized, designed, and implemented as marketplaces in which autonomous software entities (agents) trade services. These services can be commodities in e-commerce applications or data and knowledge services in information economies. In many of these cases, there are both multiple agents that are looking to procure services and multiple agents that are looking to sell services at any one time. Such marketplaces are termed continuous double auctions (CDAs). Against this background, this paper develops new algorithms that buyer and seller agents can use to participate in CDAs. These algorithms employ heuristic fuzzy rules and fuzzy reasoning mechanisms in order to determine the best bid to make given the state of the marketplace. Moreover, we show how an agent can dynamically adjust its bidding behavior to respond effectively to changes in the supply and demand in the marketplace. We then show, by empirical evaluations, how our agents outperform four of the most prominent algorithms previously developed for CDAs (several of which have been shown to outperform human bidders in experimental studies).     

Collaboration among mobile agents for efficient energy allocation in mobile grid

The use of mobile devices in grid environments may have two interaction aspects: devices are considered as users of grid resources or as grid resources providers. Due to the limitation constraints on energy and processing capacity of mobile devices, their integration into the Grid is difficult. In this paper, we investigate the cooperation among mobile devices to balance the energy consumption and computation workloads. Mobile devices can have different roles such as buyer devices and seller devices. In the mobile grid, the energies of mobile devices are uneven, energy-poor devices can exploit other devices with spare energy. Our model consists of two actors: A buyer device agent represents the benefits of mobile buyer device that intends to purchase energy from other devices. A seller device agent represents the profits of mobile seller device that is willing to sell spare energy to other devices. The objective of optimal energy allocation in mobile grid is to maximize the utility of the system without exceeding the energy capacity, expense budget and the deadline. A collaboration algorithm among mobile agents for efficient energy allocation is proposed. In the simulation, the performance evaluation of collaboration algorithm among mobile agents is conducted.     

服务规则约束下B2C平台企业竞争策略

基于服务规则约束机制的策略已成为B2C电子商务平台获取竞争优势重要手段之一。在双边市场理论模型基础上,分别建立了垄断和寡头竞争情形的B2C平台Hotelling竞争模型,比较分析了买方多归属卖方单归属和买卖双方多归属情形下竞争性B2C平台服务规则约束机制的最优策略。通过研究发现,垄断B2C平台下,平台企业和卖方企业都没有提高服务规则约束力度的意愿;在买方多归属卖方单归属时,卖方企业运作和维护服务规则约束机制更能提高用户体验和提高B2C平台绩效;在买卖双方多归属时,平台企业运作和维护服务规则约束机制更为有利。