微小通道内液体扰流微孔逸出气泡串的迁移行为

对微小矩形通道内,液体扰流下微孔孔口逸出气泡串的迁移行为进行了可视化实验。基于图像处理方法,分别研究了液体流量和通道倾斜角度对气泡串尺寸、运动速度以及运动轨迹的影响。发现了不同工况下通道内的微气泡堆积现象,并对其进行了分析。结果表明：增大液体流量或者通道倾角,使得形成的气泡尺寸减小,气泡运动轨迹与通道壁面夹角减小,气泡运动速度增大。液体流量与通道倾角影响了通道内微气泡堆积的位置及数量。     

PE微孔形成微气泡及其理论研究

微气泡制造及微化技术的改进与提高是气浮技术广泛应用的关键.研究了利用PE微孔膜管在高速剪切流剪切作用下形成微气泡的条件,从气泡形成机理上分析了膜管孔径大小、气体流量、剪切流流速和表面张力对气泡粒径分布的影响.实验采用静态显微摄像技术对气泡粒径分布进行了表征.实验结果表明,利用PE微孔膜管形成的气泡粒径在40～80μm之间,气泡平均粒径在44.3～60.5μm之间.膜管孔径大小、气体流量、剪切流流速、液相流体的表面张力是影响气泡粒径分布的主要因素.     

表面活性物质影响下单个自由上升微气泡传质过程的直接数值模拟

2017年,国际标准化组织将直径介于1～100 μm之间的气泡定义为微气泡,本研究参照上述定义,针对微气泡容易受到表面活性物质影响的特点,通过直接数值模拟对不同尺寸单个自由上升微气泡在表面活性物质影响下的传质速率进行研究.通过与模拟结果对比发现,微气泡的运动速度及传质速率均可用Clift等总结的爬流范围内的理论进行较为...     

高速剪切流剪切形成微气泡的研究

气浮工艺中气泡的大小是衡量气炮制造技术的关键.研究了利用陶瓷微孔膜管在高速剪切流剪切作用下形成微气泡的条件,流体物性对气泡粒径分布的影响.试验采用静态显微摄像技术和图像分析系统对气泡粒径分布进行了表征.结果表明,高速剪切流剪切形成的微气泡直径在15～50um之间,膜管孔径大小及表面性能,剪切流流速,液体表面张力,粘度是影响气泡粒径分布的主要因素.     

PE微孔形成微气泡及其理论研究

微气泡制造技术的改进与提高是气浮技术广泛应用的关键。研究了PE微孔膜管在剪切流剪切作用下形成微气泡的条件,从气泡形成机理上分析了膜管孔径大小、气体流量、剪切流流速和表面张力对气泡粒径分布的影响。实验采用静态显微摄像技术对气泡粒径分布进行了表征。实验结果表明,利用PE微孔膜管形成的气泡粒径在40～80μm之间,气泡平均粒径在44.3～60.5μm之间。膜管孔径大小、气体流量、剪切流流速、液相流体的表面张力是影响气泡粒径分布的主要因素。     

金属微孔管制造微气泡的研究及气浮效果测试

用金属微孔管制造微气泡是一种比较新的气泡制造方法。本文研究了通过管内外压差提供推动力，推动管内气体从管上的微孔流出，产生微气泡，由管外高速流过的剪切流把气泡带走，形成气液混合流；并对产生的微气泡进行了气浮效果测试。     

文丘里式气泡发生器内气泡破碎机制分析

作为一种高效、安全的气泡发生装置,文丘里式气泡发生器在工业、化工等过程有广泛的应用,但对其内部气泡破碎过程和作用机制相关研究较少。前期研究发现,较大气泡进入文丘里管扩张段后会发生迅速减速,并对气泡碎化过程产生极大影响。基于大涡模拟方法,对文丘里式气泡发生器内的流动过程进行了数值模拟,发现在扩张段近壁面存在明显的涡流区,涡流区前端与上游来流发生强烈的碰撞,造成进入此区域的流体发生迅速减速,使得涡流区与主流交汇区附近静压急速增大;当此区域存在运动的气泡时,激增的压力梯度力以及附加质量力导致气泡运动速度迅速减小,并与周边流体形成了更强的相互作用;高流速条件下,会使气泡发生严重变形、甚至破碎。     

文丘里式气泡发生器内气泡破碎机制分析

作为一种高效、安全的气泡发生装置,文丘里式气泡发生器在工业、化工等过程有广泛的应用,但对其内部气泡破碎过程和作用机制相关研究较少。前期研究发现,较大气泡进入文丘里管扩张段后会发生迅速减速,并对气泡碎化过程产生极大影响。基于大涡模拟方法,对文丘里式气泡发生器内的流动过程进行了数值模拟,发现在扩张段近壁面存在明显的涡流区,涡流区前端与上游来流发生强烈的碰撞,造成进入此区域的流体发生迅速减速,使得涡流区与主流交汇区附近静压急速增大;当此区域存在运动的气泡时,激增的压力梯度力以及附加质量力导致气泡运动速度迅速减小,并与周边流体形成了更强的相互作用;高流速条件下,会使气泡发生严重变形、甚至破碎。     

非均匀电场作用下气泡生长及运动特性

气液两相流广泛应用于化工、石油等工业生产中,电场可以有效强化相间作用。为探究电场作用下气泡的生长演化特性,本文采用显微高速数码摄像技术对气泡生长、脱离过程及运动进行可视化研究,精确捕捉了非均匀电场作用下气泡产生、脱离和运动过程的显微形貌特性,结合图像处理技术定量分析了电场强度对气泡生长时间、脱离频率、体积及运动速度的影响规律。实验结果表明电场作用改变了气泡的生长方式,显著地促进了气泡的脱离及运动。电场作用下气泡的脱离频率明显增大,相较于无电场情况下增加了几十倍,最短脱离周期可达到10ms左右。气泡脱离体积显著减小,相应的最小气泡直径为毛细管直径一半。气泡初始速度大约增加4倍,横向速度达到80mm/s左右,强化了气泡在液体中的分散性。这为荷电气液两相流工业应用提供了良好的理论基础。     

树脂中气泡运动速度的影响因素

孔隙是影响复合材料性能的重要因素之一,而孔隙的形成与复合材料制造过程中所产生的气泡密切相关.为了有效地减少复合材料成型过程中的气泡、控制制品的孔隙含量,了解气泡在纯树脂中的运动过程是十分必要的.本文借助图像跟踪和数码采集照相系统,研究了气泡体积、树脂粘度、外压、树脂种类和树脂流动状态对单个气泡运动规律的影响.结果表明,气泡的运动速度随着气泡体积的增加、树脂粘度的减小及外界压力的减小而增大.此外,树脂种类和树脂流动状态对气泡的运动速度也有较大的影响.该研究结果将为复合材料成型过程中气泡运动模型的建立提供实验依据.     

用统计方法研究未充分发展弹状流动

在一内径19 mm、长2 m的垂直有机玻璃管内,采用自制的电导探针对未充分发展的气-液二相弹状流中的弹状气泡上升速度、液塞上升速度、弹状气泡长度和液塞长度进行了测量。得到了各自随表观气速或表观液速的变化规律。结果表明:在未充分发展的弹状流状态下,弹状气泡的上升速度略高于液塞的上升速度:弹状气泡长度随表观气速的增大而增大,随表观液速的增大而减小。文章对弹状气泡长度进行了统计分析。未充分发展弹状流中弹状气泡长度符合正态分布律。     

Slug flow characteristics of gas–miscible liquids in a rectangular microchannel with cross and T-shaped junctions

The slug flow of an inert gas and two miscible liquids in microchannels has found its applications in the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) by the liquid flow-focusing together with Taylor bubbles in microchannel systems, synthesis of metal nanoparticles or colloid silica in microreactors and enhancement of micro-mixing by interaction using gas bubbles in microfluidic devices. In this work, the flow characteristics of the slug flow generated by nitrogen gas and two miscible liquids (the aqueous surfactant solution and acetone or ethanol) flowing in a rectangular microchannel were investigated experimentally by using the high-speed optical imaging method. The microchannel system has a straight main channel for introducing one of the miscible liquids, a cross-junction for injecting of the other miscible liquid, and a T-junction for feeding the gas phase. The pressure drops were measured and images of Taylor bubbles and slug units at various velocities were obtained, from which other flow parameters were determined. Correlations for the velocity and length of Taylor bubbles, the bubble nose length, the bubble tail length, the liquid slug length, the maximum and minimum thicknesses of the liquid films around bubbles, as well as the pressure drop, were proposed. The calculated values of these parameters by using the correlations were compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the proposed correlations are in a good or reasonable agreement with experimental data and then expected to be available in the estimation of the slug flow parameters of the inert gas and two miscible liquids in rectangular microchannels.     

垂直上升管中的液弹长度分布

根据气液相不同的电导性质,通过实验测得了气液二相弹状流中气液弹的长度及速度。利用统计方法研究了在垂直上升管内不同位置以及不同气液表观速度下的液弹长度分布。结果表明该分布能够与对数正态分布关系式符合得很好,气液表观速度对液弹长度影响并不显著。同时还研究了气泡上升速度与前方液弹长度的关系,该关系可以用R.van Hout得到的经验关系式来描绘。     

Void fraction in vertical gas-liquid slug flow: Influence of liquid slug content

In this study we develop a model for computing the mean void fraction and the liquid slug void fraction in vertical upward gas-liquid intermittent flow. A new model for the rate of gas entrained from the Taylor bubble to the liquid slug is formulated. It uses the work done by the pressure force at the rear of the Taylor bubble. Then an iterative approach is employed for equating the gas entrainment flux and the gas flux obtained via conservation equations. Model predictions are compared with experimental data. The developed iterative method is found to provide reasonable quantitative predictions of the entrainment flux and of the void fraction at low and moderate liquid slug void fraction conditions. However, with an increased liquid slug void fraction experimental data indicate that the flow in the liquid slug transits to churn-heterogeneous bubbly flow thus gas entrainment flux tends to zero. Considering this effect in the iterative model significantly improved the predictions for large liquid slug void fraction conditions.     

垂直上升气液两相弹状流模型

基于等效弹单元思想,改进了预测垂直上升管中充分发展气液弹状流流动特性的模型。 模型中考虑了界面切应力对液膜运动的影响;并在液弹空隙度预测中引入临界气体夹带速度的概念,以此来描述弹状流中大气泡尾部的混合特性。本文提出的模型还考虑了管径对液弹空隙度的影响。弹状流模型的计算结果得到本文及其他作者实验数据的验证。     

Influence of hydrodynamics on liquid mixing during Taylor flow in a microchannel

The miscible liquid‐liquid two phases based on Taylor flow in microchannels was investigated by high‐speed imaging techniques and Villermaux/Dushman reaction. The mixing based on Taylor flow was much better compared with that without introducing gas in microchannels, even the ideal micromixing performance could be obtained under optimized superficial gas and liquid velocities. In the mixing process based on Taylor flow, the superficial gas and liquid velocities affected the lengths and the velocities of Taylor bubble and liquid slug, and finally the micromixing performance. The formation process of Taylor flow in the inlets, the initial uniform distribution of reactants and the internal circulations in the liquid slug, and the thin liquid films all improved the mixing performance. Furthermore, a modified Peclet number that represented the relative importance of diffusion and convection in the mixing process was proposed for explaining and anticipating micromixing efficiency. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 1660–1670, 2012     

CFD Simulation of hydrodynamics of air sparging in a vertical tubular membrane

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the hydrodynamics of slug flow which is generated by air sparging in a vertical tubular membrane has been investigated. The results of simulation have been reported in the form of parameters such as shape, velocity profile, surface shear stresses and gas slug (Taylor bubble) rising velocities, and evaluated with experimental data which were presented in previous articles. This study showed that CFD modeling is able to accurately simulate the shape and velocity field around the gas slugs. Also the shear stress induced by slug flow passage and rising velocity of gas slugs for high-velocity liquid and low-velocity gas fit appropriately to values in reference data. Simulation results for gas slug rising velocity showed about 0.35–9% error in the different conditions investigated in respect to experimental data.     

Hydrogenation of 2‐ethylanthraquinone under Taylor flow in single square channel monolith reactors

The hydrogenation of 2‐ethylanthraquinone (EAQ) to 2‐ethylanthrahydroquinone (EAHQ) was carried out under Taylor flow in single square channel monolith reactors. The two opening ends of opaque reaction channel were connected with two circular transparent quartz‐glass capillaries, where Taylor flow hydrodynamics parameters were measured and further used to obtain practical flow state of reactants in square reaction channels. A carefully designed gas‐liquid inlet mixer was used to supply steady gas bubbles and liquid slugs with desired length. The effects of various operating parameters, involving superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity, gas bubble length, liquid slug length, two‐phase velocity and temperature, on EAQ conversion were systematically researched. Based on EAQ conversion, experimental overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients were calculated, and also studied as functions of various parameters as mentioned earlier. The film model, penetration model, and existing semi‐empirical formula were used to predict gas‐solid, gas‐liquid, and liquid‐solid volumetric mass transfer coefficients in Taylor flow, respectively. The predicted overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients agreed well with the experimental ones. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Void fraction measurement and calculation model of vertical upward co-current air–water slug flow

The focus of this paper is on the measurement and calculation model of void fraction for the vertical upward co-current air–water slug flow in a circular tube of 15 mm inner diameter. High-speed photography and optical probes were utilized, with water superficial velocity ranging from 0.089 to 0.65 m·s^-1 and gas superficial velocity ranging from 0.049 to 0.65 m·s^-1. A new void fraction model based on the local parameters was proposed, disposing the slug flow as a combination of Taylor bubbles and liquid slugs. In the Taylor bubble region, correction factors of liquid film thickness C_δ and nose shape C_Z^* were proposed to calculate α_TB. In the liquid slug region, the radial void fraction distribution profiles were obtained to calculate α_LS, by employing the image processing technique based on supervised machine learning. Results showed that the void fraction proportion in Taylor bubbles occupied crucial contribution to the overall void fraction. Multiple types of void fraction predictive correlations were assessed using the present data. The performance of the Schmidt model was optimal, while some models for slug flow performed not outstanding. Additionally, a predictive correlation was correlated between the central local void fraction and the cross-sectional averaged void fraction, as a straightforward form of the void fraction calculation model. The predictive correlation showed a good agreement with the present experimental data, as well as the data of Olerni et al., indicating that the new model was effective and applicable under the slug flow conditions.     

A simple mechanism of bubble and slug formation in Taylor flow in microchannels

A simple mechanism is proposed to explain and predict the bubble and slug lengths in Taylor (slug) flow in microchannels. The results obtained using the proposed approach are in good agreement with a correlation based on numerical experiments [Qian, D. and Lawal, A., 2006, Numerical study on gas and liquid slugs for Taylor flow in a T-junction microchannel. Chem Eng Sci, 80: 7609–7625] and available experimental data.