过冷Cu-Fe包晶合金熔体的组织演化机制

利用循环过热与玻璃熔融净化相结合的方法制备了不同过冷度下Cu-15wt%Fe包晶合金试样,结合相关理论详细阐述了过冷Cu-15wt%Fe合金熔体的凝固组织演化机制.结果表明,液相分离过程中,合金体系内部少数相的形核、长大、凝并甚至分层行为是在Ostwald熟化、Brownian运动、Marangoni迁移和Stokes运动等因素综合作用下完成的,不同阶段不同因素所起的作用大小不同.试验过程中还制备了Cu-35wt%Fe包晶合金试样,通过不同成分合金凝固组织的SEM图像,对比了不同Fe含量对过冷Cu-Fe包晶合金熔体凝固组织的影响.     

定向凝固Ti-46at.%Al合金晶粒组织形成CAFE模拟

为了深入理解TiAl合金定向凝固过程中晶粒组织演化特点,采用CAFE模型(元胞自动机CA-有限元FE)模拟研究Ti-46at.%Al合金定向凝固过程中晶粒组织形成。借助文献中微重力定向凝固实验结果验证模型。考察了形核过冷度和自然对流强度对柱状晶向等轴晶转变(CET)、晶粒尺寸、晶粒延长因子以及偏析分布的影响。模拟结果表明:降低形核过冷度可以获得完全等轴晶组织。对于完全等轴晶组织,增大流动强度会加重铸件晶间偏析,而对凝固组织形貌以及晶粒尺寸、延长因子分布无影响。增加形核过冷度,发生CET。流动强度增加导致CET延迟,促进长形晶和等轴晶混合生长,增大晶粒尺寸和延长因子以及加重偏析。CAFE模型可以被用于预测TiAl合金晶粒组织形成以及分析控制机理。     

熔体过热处理作用机制的新认识

从液-液结构转变的角度探讨了熔体过热处理对CuSn18.7(at.%)和BiPb20.1(at.%)合金凝固组织和凝固行为的作用机制.实验表明:在升温过程中,合金熔体的某些物理性能(例如内耗,电阻率,热电势和热)在特定的温度区间都发生了异常的变化,而在降温过程中没有异常变化,揭示了熔体中在这些温度区间内发生了不连续的液-液结构转变.随后的凝固实验表明结构转变对合金的凝固有着很大的影响,例如形核过冷度显著增大,CuSn18.7合金的凝固组织明显细化,而BiPb20.1合金的初生相形态由鱼骨状树枝晶变成无序的等轴晶.分析认为熔体结构转变使得熔体结构趋于均匀和无序,在凝固中抑制了初生相的形核,进而细化凝固组织.而BiPb20.1合金组织形态的变化则是由熔体结构转变改变了界面溶质分配系数导致的.     

过冷熔体中的强制枝晶生长

过冷熔体中的强制枝晶生长＊谢发勤①张军②傅恒志③细（或超细）柱晶组织及其叶片类产品，都是在液／固界面前沿熔体处于过热状态下形成的，如传统的快速凝固（ＨＲＳ）、液态金属冷却（ＬＭＣ）等定向凝固工艺。在过冷熔体中，由于形核的不可预测性和晶体生长的随机性，...     

Al65Bi28Cu7偏晶合金的液-液相分离及凝固行为

利用电阻率法研究铜模冷却条件下Al₆₅Bi₂₈Cu₇偏晶合金的液-液相分离过程,并分析Al₆₅Bi₂₈Cu₇偏晶合金核壳结构的形成机理。研究结果表明,电阻率与温度关系曲线(ρ-T曲线)的异常变化证实了Al₆₅Bi₂₈Cu₇偏晶合金熔体的凝固先后经历了液-液相分离、偏晶反应和共晶反应,在偏晶反应温度以上ρ-T曲线出现的非线性变化主要来源于熔体内的浓度起伏。Al₆₅Bi₂₈Cu₇偏晶合金能够形成富Bi相包裹富Al相的核壳结构。     

Fe-Sn-Si偏晶合金的快速凝固研究

在落管中对Fe60.4Sn29.6Si10、Fe43.6Sn21.4Si35和Fe20.1Sn9.9Si70三元偏晶合金进行了无容器快速凝固实验。3种合金液滴的直径范围为100~1 000μm的液滴,凝固组织都呈现2层或3层壳核组织以及第2相弥散分布的凝固组织。XRD、EDS及SEM分析表明,Fe60.4Sn29.6Si10合金液滴的凝固组织由α-Fe、β-Sn、FeSi和FeSn组成;Fe43.6Sn21.4Si35合金液滴的凝固组织由β-Sn、FeSn2、FeSi和Fe2Si组成;Fe20.1Sn9.9Si70合金液滴的凝固组织由β-Sn、FeSi2和Si组成。     

不同凝固条件对镍铬合金组织性能的影响

在自制的多功能高梯度定向凝固及电弧熔炼设备上,控制6J20镍铬合金的凝固速度,制备出铸态力学性能试棒和金相试样,观察6J20镍铬合金材料的光学显微组织并测试其力学性能.结果表明,镍铬合金凝固速度越大,其断裂强度越高,延伸率则有较大的降低;凝固速度很大时,镍铬合金显微组织为细小的树枝晶的单相固溶体;凝固速度较小时,镍铬合金的显微组织为均匀分布的十字花瓣形或近似于圆形的单相固溶体.断口分析表明,快速凝固镍铬合金试样的断口具有沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂的特征;定向凝固镍铬合金试样的断口特征具有穿晶断裂的特征.     

旋转造粒制备Al—Pb合金颗粒

研究了用旋转造粒法制备Al-8Pb-3Si-2Sn-Cu合金颗粒的宏观特征与微观组织，研究结果表明：Al-Pb合金颗粒的形状受合金熔体表面张力的影响，呈近球形，颗粒直径随熔体旋转速度的提高而减少；当颗粒直径小于3.9mm时，合金的非平衡凝固可以克服Pb重力偏析，随颗粒直径的减小，合金凝固过程从非平衡过偏晶状态转变为非平衡亚偏晶状态，在微观上Pb分布更加均匀。     

过冷合金熔体非平衡凝固过程形核方式的竞争

形核是凝固过程的重要阶段.由经典形核理论及其最新进展可知,对应不同的凝固条件,合金熔体中可能出现三种形核方式,即连续形核、位置饱和及自由生长.着眼于过冷合金熔体非平衡凝固中形核方式的竞争,包括连续形核与非热形核(位置饱和与自由生长)的竞争、单点形核与多点形核的竞争、均质形核与异质形核间的竞争,对不同合金系的形核方式进行了讨论.通过相关实验结果及分析证实了上述竞争的存在,进而提出了一些确定形核机制的判据.     

三元Co-Cu-Si合金的液相分离与组织特征

在自由落体条件下实现了三元Co45Cu45Si10和Co25Cu25Si50舍金的快速凝固,所获得的最大过冷度分别为357 K(0.22TL)和320 K(0.20TL),测定其液相面温度分别为1 600 K和1 592 K,固相面温度分别为1 358 K和1 105 K.Co45Cu45Si10舍金液相分离临界过冷度仅为8 K.直径大于100μm的合金液滴发生L a-Co→ε-Co的包晶转变,凝固组织由(Cu)、ε-Co和α-Co三相组成,而直径小于100μm时,合金液滴的凝固组织主要由(Cu)和ε-Co两相组成.Co25Cu25Si50合金不存在液相分离临界过冷度,形成由CoSi、CoSi2和Cu3Si 3个金属间化合物相组成的快速凝固组织.尽管Cu3Si的形核率最大,但始终没有形成领先生长相.当过冷度小于127 K时,形成以CoSi2为初生相枝晶的凝固组织;当过冷度大于127 K时,则形成以CoSi为初生相枝晶的凝固组织.     

Rapid monotectic solidification under free fall condition

Thesolidificationprocessofmonotecticalloyhasbeenofgreatinterestformanyyears.Onereasonisthatmonotectictransformation,inwhichoneparentliquidphaseL1decomposessimultaneouslyintoonesolidphaseSandanotherliquidphaseL2,playsanimportantroleintheresearchofphaseseparationandcrystalgrowthkinetics[1—5].Anotherreasonisthatmanyapplicationsofmonotecticalloysinindustry,suchasCu-Pb,Al-Pb,Al-Bi,Al-SnandAl-Inareself-lubricatingbearingalloysorhigh-temperaturesuperconductorsiftheyhavehomogeneouslydispersedmic…     

复合工艺制备的半固态A356铝合金初生相形貌分形特征研究

利用复合工艺制备了A356铝合金半固态浆料,研究了半固态A356铝合金初生相形貌的分形特征．应用编制的计算程序计算了半固态A356铝合金初生相形貌的分形维数．结果表明,复合工艺制备的半固态A356铝合金初生相的形貌可以用分形维数来表征,不同工艺参数下所获得的半固态初生相形貌具有不同的分形维数．铸锭中不同部位半固态初生相的形貌具有不同的分形维数,反映了同一铸锭不同部位的凝固条件对半固态初生相形貌的影响．凝固组织中的每个半固态初生相的分形形貌均为系统耗散性的几何表现．     

Transient spinodal decomposition during annealing of rapidly solidified Al-10Sr alloy

Rapidly solidified Al-10Sr alloy ribbons were prepared using a single roller melt spinning technique. The annealing process of the rapidly solidified Al-10Sr alloy has been carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The microstructure of as-annealed Al-10Sr alloy has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The equilibrium AUSr phase is dominant in the as-annealed alloy. Besides the Al4Sr phase, an AlSr phase is also found in the alloy isothermally annealed at 873 K for 90 min. Furthermore, a modulated nanostructure was observed in the alloy isothermally annealed at 873 K for 90 min. With further prolonged annealing time, however, the AlSr phase disappears in the as-annealed alloy. The dependence of particle size and growth rate on annealing time as well as the modulated structure shows that the occurrence of the AlSr phase may be due to the spinodal decomposition.     

Investigation of microgravity effect on solidification of medium-low-melting-point alloy by drop tube experiment

The solidification microstructure of Al-Ni, Al-Cu, Ag-Cu, Al-Pb and Cu-Co alloys quenched in silicone oil before and after free fall in evacuated 50 m drop tube were investigated contrastively. The effect of microgravity on the solidification process of medium-low-melting-point eutectic, monotectic and peritectic alloys were analyzed and discussed. The results indicated that the effects of microgravity on the eutectic cell shape, the pattern in eutectic cell and the inter-eutectic spacing were different for different types of eutectic systems; the size distribution of Pb particles in Al-5wt% Pb monotectic alloy was significantly changed by microgravity; and the shape of retained primary α-Co phase in Cu-10wt%Co peritectic alloy was also changed by microgravity. These results are beneficial for people to further identify and analyze the solidification behavior of multiphase alloys under microgravity.     

定向凝固NiAl-Cr（Mo）-Hf合金的显微组织与力学行为

研究了定向凝固NiAl-Cr（Mo）-Hf合金及其热处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明：热处理后,NiAl基体与Cr（Mo）相中均有第二相析出,胞界上不连续分布的Heusler相（Ni2AlHf）消失,NiAl和Cr（Mo）层片状组织形貌基本没有变化,但Cr相有增厚的趋势。当应变速率为2.78×10^-3 s^-1时,随着温度的升高,DSNiAl-Cr（Mo）-Hf合金的压缩屈服强度降低。     

快速凝固NiAl-Cr（Mo）-Zr合金的显微组织与力学性能

研究了快速凝固NiAl-Cr（Mo）-Zr合金及其均匀化热处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明：快速凝固NiAl-Cr（Mo）-Zr合金的组织由NiAl和Cr（Mo）两相组成,并有少量初生NiAl相,在共晶胞界处存在少量不连续分布的Heusler（Ni2AlZr）相。随着Zr含量的增加,Heusler相的数量增加,Cr（Mo）相的片层间距增大。均匀化热处理后,共晶胞界上不连续分布的Heusler相或大量消失、或全部消失,NiAl和Cr（Mo）层片状组织形貌基本没有变化。NiAl-Cr（Mo）-0.5Zr合金在应变速率为2.78×10-3s-1时,随着测试温度的升高,合金的压缩屈服强度降低。     

Effects of electric pulse on microstructure of Al-Si alloy in liquid and solid states

In order to investigate the change in liquid microstructure of Al-Si alloy treated by electric pulse (EP), X-ray diffraction tests with liquid A1-Si alloy and ZL109 alloy treated or not by EP were carried out. The results show that the number of Al-Si atomic clusters decreases and that of Al-Al and Si-Si atomic clusters increases for the treated samples. The tests with ZL109 alloy indicate that a large amount of primary crystal Si appears in the solidified microstructure after treated by EP. It is found that EP can change the microstructure of liquid metal by affecting the probability of electrons appearing in different atoms (Al and Si) in the liquid metal.The combining force of different atoms decreases relatively, and that of the same atoms increases, which is the main reason of re-ducing the atomic cluster with different atoms (Al-Si) and increasing the atomic cluster with the same atoms (Al-Al, Si-Si). The in-creasing of the atomic cluster with the same atom cluster resulted in the increasing of Si activity and the higher point of eutectics in the phase diagram. It makes a lot of primary silicon appeared in ZL109 alloy.     

快速凝固(2024Al)-20Si-5Fe合金的磨损行为

采用双级雾化水冷快凝与粉末冶金技术制备了（２０２４Ａｌ）－２０Ｓｉ－５Ｆｅ耐磨合金,分析了 合金的微观组织,利用磨损实验研究了合金的耐磨性和磨损失效形式．结果表明：快凝粉末冶金 合金具有比铸造合金更细小的微观组织,更高的耐磨性和减磨性;磨损失效形式主要是磨粒磨 损和疲劳磨损,而铸造合金的磨损失效形式主要是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和部分氧化磨损．     

Effects of rapid solidification process and 0.1%Pr/Nd addition on characteristics of Sn-9Zn solder alloy and interfacial properties of Cu/solder/Cu joints

Rapidly solidified Sn-9Zn-0.1Pr(/Nd) alloy foils were prepared by melt-spinning method. Through comparison, the effects of rapid solidification process and 0.1%Pr/Nd(mass fraction) addition on the microstructure, thermodynamic characteristic of Sn-9Zn solder alloy were analyzed. The tensile-shear tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of solder/Cu joints. The results show that the rapid solidification process can greatly refine the microstructure of Sn-9Zn-0.1Pr(/Nd) alloys. After rapid solidification, the effects of Pr/Nd addition on microstructure are depressed. The pasty range of the rapidly solidified Sn-Zn-RE solders is also reduced significantly. The mechanical properties of solder/Cu joints are obviously improved using the rapidly solidified Sn-9Zn-0.1Pr(/Nd) solder alloy, which results in the formation of uniform interface. The promotion effect of Nd addition in Sn-9Zn alloy on the interfacial reaction of solder/Cu joint is more remarkable than that of Pr.