个性化旅游推荐技术研究及发展综述

该文首先分析了个性化旅游推荐系统的数据来源,并介绍了用户行为数据、用户标签数据、上下文信息和基于社交网络数据等推荐技术近年来的研究进展。其次,分析了能提升推荐性能的混合推荐技术以及满足多约束场景的基于约束的推荐技术,介绍了相关领域的最新研究成果。最后,展望了个性化旅游推荐技术研发的发展方向。     

基于位置和开放链接数据的旅游推荐系统综述

利用开放链接数据解决基于位置的推荐系统中存在的信息过载问题是目前的研究热点，并在旅游领域展现出了巨大的潜力。首先给出推荐系统的基本概况；然后对旅游开放链接数据进行了概况；从文献分类、应用分类和研究成果对基于位置和开放链接数据的旅游推荐系统从2014—2018年的相关文献进行了详细考察，并从基于位置的单点推荐、旅游路线推荐、GPS轨迹推荐、基于媒介的地理标签推荐、基于本体的位置推荐和基于位置的朋友推荐等6类典型的应用进行分类考察，最后对全文并为该领域指明了研究方向。     

基于旅游用户数据和评论的推荐系统的设计

随着国民生活水平的提高,旅游业蓬勃发展,旅游业与互联网的结合促进了在线旅游业的形成,也就是当代所说的"智慧旅游"。用户可以通过互联网了解各种各样的旅游信息,但是,日趋严重的过载旅游数据现象让旅游商们难以准确的挖掘出符合用户兴趣的个性化旅游信息,推荐出一个智慧的旅游路线更是如同大海捞针,而旅游推荐系统是解决这一问题的关键技术。本文基于个性化推荐算法的研究,将用户信息,用户评论,用户行为,用户历史订单,用户未来订单等多项数据作为算法的训练测试集,对功能性需求进行分析,开发了基于用户数据的推荐系统。     

基于约束的旅游推荐系统的研究与设计

针对旅游领域的特点和传统推荐技术的应用局限性,提出一种基于约束的旅游推荐系统的设计方案,并对系统的推荐引擎进行了详细设计。系统通过可视化的知识获取工具高效地获取旅游领域知识、推荐规则、个性化规则等知识,使用交互＆个性化代理以会话式的交互方式逐步地启发用户的偏好和需要,利用多属性效用理论对推荐结果进行排序。相比传统的推荐方法,利用基于约束的推荐技术,能够为用户提供更加准确、个性化的旅游推荐服务。     

基于多模信息融合的个性化推荐系统的研究

为了解决信息过载的问题,我们可以通过在用户和产品之间建立二元关系的方法,利用已经拥有的比较相似的关系或者选择过程,挖掘出各用户可能感兴趣的对像。目前解决信息过载问题最有效的工具就是个性化推荐,该文利用不同的推荐算法,简单介绍了协同过滤系统,基于内容的推荐系统,基于用户—产品二部图网络结构的推荐系统,混合推荐系统。并分析这些推荐系统的特点以及存在的缺陷,帮助读者了解这个研究领域。     

上下文感知旅游推荐系统研究综述

随着人们生活水平的提高，旅游已成为一项普遍的休闲活动，进而推动了旅游推荐方面技术的研究。与传统推荐系统相比，除了考虑游客和旅游产品的相关特征之外，旅游推荐系统的推荐质量在很大程度上受到位置、时间、天气、游客社交群体等上下文信息的影响。本文首先给出上下文感知旅游推荐系统的总体框架；然后对位置、时间、游客社会化网络和多维上下文等4类典型的上下文信息在旅游推荐系统中的应用进行了详细考察，并对综合应用各种上下文信息的旅游推荐系统进行了分析；从旅游推荐产品的角度对推荐系统进行分类考察；最后讨论了上下文感知旅游推荐系统目前面临的重点和难点问题，指出下一步的研究方向。     

融合协同过滤与用户偏好的旅游组推荐方法

近年来，组推荐系统已经逐渐成为旅游推荐领域的研究热点之一。传统的推荐系统面临的数据稀疏性问题在组推荐系统中同样存在。基于评分的推荐系统中，可以把组推荐系统分为对单个用户的偏好预测和对组内成员预测结果的融合两个阶段。为提高推荐的效果，提出了一种融合协同过滤与用户偏好的旅游组推荐方法，它考虑了用户的预测评分和组推荐结果的准确性。在协同过滤中通过加入相似性影响因子和关联性因子进行预测评分，然后在均值策略和最小痛苦策略的基础上，提出了满意度平衡策略，该策略考虑了组内成员的局部满意度和整体满意度。实验表明，所提出的方法提高了推荐的准确率。     

基于MUI框架乡村旅游APP的设计与实现

针对农村旅游市场需求,研究了基于MUI框架的农村旅游应用程序的设计与实现。重点介绍了基于用户的旅游信息过滤算法,以推荐用户感兴趣的旅游信息,并通过python编程实现。最后,描述了软件实现的全过程。     

基于签到数据的群体旅游路线推荐

移动设备和基于位置的服务的广泛应用带来了大量的时空数据,签到数据详细记录了人们出行的移动模式,分析签到数据可以提高基于位置服务的质量,其中旅游路线推荐是重要的研究方向。现有的路线推荐的研究通常只考虑用户独自出行的情况,推荐的路线尽可能满足单个用户需求。结伴出行是旅游中常见的现象,研究群体的旅游路线推荐具有重要的意义。针对此需求,提出了群体旅游路线推荐问题,目标是为群体推荐一条能够使群体整体满意度大,个体满意度差异小,即对群体内所有成员较公平的最优群体旅游路线。通过分析聚合用户偏好时通常采用的平均数策略与无痛苦策略在推荐结果方面存在的不足,针对搜索路线时所具有的动态性特点,提出了一种动态聚合用户偏好的策略(dynamic aggregation preference,DAP)。DAP策略根据当前个体满意度,动态调整群体偏好模型,保证了推荐结果对群体整体满意度较高的同时,个体差异度小。基于DAP策略,建立路线评价模型,对路线进行满意度评分,返回分值最高的路线。利用Gowalla和Foursquare社交网站真实的签到数据集进行了充分实验,验证了算法在不同参数设置下的有效性。     

基于用户轨迹数据的用户兴趣区域推荐

推荐系统是通过分析已知信息和用户偏好,在用户选择物品或服务时,向用户提供帮助和建议的系统。但是目前大部分推荐系统都是基于用户评价或评分信息向用户推荐购物、电影等电子商务服务,基于用户轨迹数据进行用户兴趣区域推荐的研究十分罕见。用户的轨迹数据蕴含了用户的偏好,不同的轨迹反映不同的用户特性。所以提出一种从用户轨迹数据中挖掘最大频繁项集,并将最大频繁项集用于计算用户相似性和偏好的推荐方法。该推荐方法还综合考虑了相似用户访问次数、置信度和用户住宅信息等可能会影响推荐质量的因素。将提出的方法和基于协同过滤的推荐方法、基于关联规则的推荐方法进行比较,结果显示本文提出方法的效果较好。     

A hybrid recommendation approach for a tourism system

Many current e-commerce systems provide personalization when their content is shown to users. In this sense, recommender systems make personalized suggestions and provide information of items available in the system. Nowadays, there is a vast amount of methods, including data mining techniques that can be employed for personalization in recommender systems. However, these methods are still quite vulnerable to some limitations and shortcomings related to recommender environment. In order to deal with some of them, in this work we implement a recommendation methodology in a recommender system for tourism, where classification based on association is applied. Classification based on association methods, also named associative classification methods, consist of an alternative data mining technique, which combines concepts from classification and association in order to allow association rules to be employed in a prediction context. The proposed methodology was evaluated in some case studies, where we could verify that it is able to shorten limitations presented in recommender systems and to enhance recommendation quality.     

A tourism destination recommender system using users’ sentiment and temporal dynamics

With the development and popularity of social networks, an increasing number of consumers prefer to order tourism products online, and like to share their experiences on social networks. Searching for tourism destinations online is a difficult task on account of its more restrictive factors. Recommender system can help these users to dispose information overload. However, such a system is affected by the issue of low recommendation accuracy and the cold-start problem. In this paper, we propose a tourism destination recommender system that employs opinion-mining technology to refine user sentiment, and make use of temporal dynamics to represent user preference and destination popularity drifting over time. These elements are then fused with the SVD+ + method by combining user sentiment and temporal influence. Compared with several well-known recommendation approaches, our method achieves improved recommendation accuracy and quality. A series of experimental evaluations, using a publicly available dataset, demonstrates that the proposed recommender system outperforms the existing recommender systems.     

融合矩阵分解与距离度量学习的社会化推荐算法

为解决传统推荐系统中存在的冷启动难题,基于距离反映偏好的假设提出了一种融合矩阵分解与距离度量学习的社会化推荐算法。该算法同时对样本和距离度量进行训练,在满足距离约束的前提下更新距离度量和用户与项目的坐标,并将用户与项目嵌入到统一的低维空间,利用用户与项目之间的距离生成推荐结果。基于豆瓣和Epi-nions数据集的对比实验结果验证了该方法可有效提高推荐系统的可解释性和精确度,明显优于基于矩阵分解的推荐方法。研究结果表明,所提方法缓解了传统推荐系统中存在的冷启动问题,为推荐系统的研究提供了另一种可供参考的研究思路。     

Preference reasoning with soft constraints in constraint-based recommender systems

A recommender system (RS) supports online users in e-commerce by proposing products that are assumed to be both useful and interesting. Knowledge-based recommendation systems form one branch of these online sales support systems that is particularly relevant for high-involvement product domains like consumer electronics, financial services or tourism. A constraint-based RS is a specific variant of a knowledge-based RS that builds on a CSP formalism for problem representation and solving. This article formalizes the different variants of a constraint-based recommendation problem based on consistency and the empirical part compares the performance of different constraint-based recommendation mechanisms in offline experiments on historical data.     

Swallow: Resource and Tag Recommender System Based on Heat Diffusion Algorithm in Social Annotation Systems

Social annotation systems (SAS) allow users to annotate different online resources with keywords (tags). These systems help users in finding, organizing, and retrieving online resources to significantly provide collaborative semantic data to be potentially applied by recommender systems. Previous studies on SAS had been worked on tag recommendation. Recently, SAS‐based resource recommendation has received more attention by scholars. In the most of such systems, with respect to annotated tags, searched resources are recommended to user, and their recent behavior and click‐through is not taken into account. In the current study, to be able to design and implement a more precise recommender system, because of previous users' tagging data and users' current click‐through, it was attempted to work on the both resource (such as web pages, research papers, etc.) and tag recommendation problem. Moreover, by applying heat diffusion algorithm during the recommendation process, more diverse options would present to the user. After extracting data, such as users, tags, resources, and relations between them, the recommender system so called “Swallow” creates a graph‐based pattern from system log files. Eventually, following the active user path and observing heat conduction on the created pattern, user further goals are anticipated and recommended to him. Test results on SAS data set demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has improved the accuracy of former recommendation algorithms.     

A novel social network hybrid recommender system based on hypergraph topologic structure

With the advent and popularity of social network, more and more people like to share their experience in social network. However, network information is growing exponentially which leads to information overload. Recommender system is an effective way to solve this problem. The current research on recommender systems is mainly focused on research models and algorithms in social networks, and the social networks structure of recommender systems has not been analyzed thoroughly and the so-called cold start problem has not been resolved effectively. We in this paper propose a novel hybrid recommender system called Hybrid Matrix Factorization(HMF) model which uses hypergraph topology to describe and analyze the interior relation of social network in the system. More factors including contextual information, user feature, item feature and similarity of users ratings are all taken into account based on matrix factorization method. Extensive experimental evaluation on publicly available datasets demonstrate that the proposed hybrid recommender system outperforms the existing recommender systems in tackling cold start problem and dealing with sparse rating datasets. Our system also enjoys improved recommendation accuracy compared with several major existing recommendation approaches.     

Progress in context-aware recommender systems — An overview

Recommender Systems are the set of tools and techniques to provide useful recommendations and suggestions to the users to help them in the decision-making process for choosing the right products or services. The recommender systems tailored to leverage contextual information (such as location, time, companion or such) in the recommendation process are called context-aware recommender systems. This paper presents a review on the continual development of context-aware recommender systems by analyzing different kinds of contexts without limiting to any specific application domain. First, an in-depth analysis is conducted on different recommendation algorithms used in context-aware recommender systems. Then this information is used to find out that how these techniques deals with the curse of dimensionality, which is an inherent issue in such systems. Since contexts are primarily based on users’ activity patterns that leads to the development of personalized recommendation services for the users. Thus, this paper also presents a review on how this contextual information is represented (either explicitly or implicitly) in the recommendation process. We also presented a list of datasets and evaluation metrics used in the setting of CARS. We tried to highlight that how algorithmic approaches used in CARS differ from those of conventional RS. In that, we presented what modification or additions are being applied on the top of conventional recommendation approaches to produce context-aware recommendations. Finally, the outstanding challenges and research opportunities are presented in front of the research community for analysis     

基于用户偏好融合的组推荐算法综述

传统的推荐系统是面向单个用户的推荐。作为个性化推荐的一个新的延伸,目前有越来越多的推荐系统正试图面向一组成员进行推荐。将推荐对象从单个用户扩展到一组用户的转变带来了许多新的课题,该文将主要介绍目前已有的几种组推荐算法,并总结一般组推荐系统的偏好融合过程。     

Social group recommendation in the tourism domain

Recommender Systems learn users’ preferences and tastes in different domains to suggest potentially interesting items to users. Group Recommender Systems generate recommendations that intend to satisfy a group of users as a whole, instead of individual users. In this article, we present a social based approach for recommender systems in the tourism domain, which builds a group profile by analyzing not only users’ preferences, but also the social relationships between members of a group. This aspect is a hot research topic in the recommender systems area. In addition, to generate the individual and group recommendations our approach uses a hybrid technique that combines three well-known filtering techniques: collaborative, content-based and demographic filtering. In this way, the disadvantages of one technique are overcome by the others. Our approach was materialized in a recommender system named Hermes, which suggests tourist attractions to both individuals and groups of users. We have obtained promising results when comparing our approach with classic approaches to generate recommendations to individual users and groups. These results suggest that considering the type of users’ relationship to provide recommendations to groups leads to more accurate recommendations in the tourism domain. These findings can be helpful for recommender systems developers and for researchers in this area.     

A novel mobile recommender system for indoor shopping

With the widespread usage of mobile terminals, the mobile recommender system is proposed to improve recommendation performance, using positioning technologies. However, due to restrictions of existing positioning technologies, mobile recommender systems are still not being applied to indoor shopping, which continues to be the main shopping mode. In this paper, we develop a mobile recommender system for stores under the circumstance of indoor shopping, based on the proposed novel indoor mobile positioning approach by using received signal patterns of mobile phones, which can overcome the disadvantages of existing positioning technologies. Especially, the mobile recommender system can implicitly capture users’ preferences by analyzing users’ positions, without requiring users’ explicit inputting, and take the contextual information into consideration when making recommendations. A comprehensive experimental evaluation shows the new proposed mobile recommender system achieves much better user satisfaction than the benchmark method, without losing obvious recommendation performances.