COS-g-PEI修饰纳米银粒子的制备及其抗菌性

首先以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)为反应介质和催化剂,羰基二咪唑为偶联剂,均相合成了壳寡糖接枝聚乙烯亚胺共聚物(COS-g-PEI);其次,以COS-g-PEI为稳定剂,硝酸银为前驱体,硼氢化钠为还原剂,采用原位还原法制备了COS-g-PEI修饰纳米银复合粒子(Ag NPs@-COS-g-PEI)。采用IR、~1HNMR对聚合物结构进行表征,结果证实成功合成了COS-g-PEI接枝共聚物;UV-Vis、TEM结果表明,成功制备了稳定的Ag NPs@-COS-g-PEI复合粒子。通过滤纸片法和牛津杯法测试了COS-g-PEI及Ag NPs@-COS-g-PEI对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性能,Ag NPs@-COS-g-PEI的抑菌圈直径均比COS-g-PEI大,结果表明,Ag NPs与COS-gPEI有机结合大大提高了抗菌性能。     

ATRP法接枝卤胺分子制备纤维素共聚物抗菌材料

以氯化1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑（[AMIM]Cl）离子液体为溶剂,采用原子转移自由基聚合法（ATRP）在微晶纤维素上接枝功能单体N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,制备了卤胺化合物中间体,应用卤化法将接枝共聚物中的N-H转化为N-Cl键获得具有抗菌性的共聚物材料,并对其抗菌性能进行研究。通过FT-IR、¹H NMR、SEM以及抗菌测试等分析手段表征分析了聚合物的结构、表面形貌和抗菌性能等。结果表明该工艺合成了纤维素接枝N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物,接枝后表面明显变得粗糙,有利于材料与细菌的接触进而充分发挥其抗菌性能,制备的材料对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均表现出良好抗菌性能,在抗菌材料领域具有较好的应用前景。     

ATRP法接枝卤胺分子制备纤维素共聚物抗菌材料

以氯化1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑([AMIM]Cl)离子液体为溶剂,采用原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)在微晶纤维素上接枝功能单体N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,制备了卤胺化合物中间体,应用卤化法将接枝共聚物中的N—H转化为N—Cl键获得具有抗菌性的共聚物材料,并对其抗菌性能进行研究。通过FT-IR、1H NMR、SEM以及抗菌测试等分析手段表征分析了聚合物的结构、表面形貌和抗菌性能等。结果表明该工艺合成了纤维素接枝N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物,接枝后表面明显变得粗糙,有利于材料与细菌的接触进而充分发挥其抗菌性能,制备的材料对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均表现出良好抗菌性能,在抗菌材料领域具有较好的应用前景。     

聚苯胺/纳米CuO复合颗粒的制备及其性能

采用原位掺杂聚合法制备聚苯胺/CuO纳米复合粒子,对其进行了表征,考察了其催化性能和抗菌性能.结果表明,聚苯胺在CuO表面包覆,得到棒状核-壳结构的聚苯胺/纳米CuO复合粒子,其具有良好的催化性能,能加速H2O2分解,累积产气1500 m L;随CuO含量增加,复合粒子电导率明显下降,导电性能逐渐减弱,纳米CuO含量为0.6g时,导电能力很弱,电导率为0.02S/cm.随CuO含量增加,复合粒子抗菌性能逐渐增强,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别达35.8和19.6mm.     

负载纳米银的埃洛石纳米管/聚醚砜杂化超滤膜的制备

以聚醚砜(PES)为膜材料,N, N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和负载纳米银的埃洛石纳米管(Ag- HNTs)为添加剂,采用相转化法制备聚醚砜超滤膜。系统地考察了添加剂(Ag- HNTs)含量对膜性能的影响,并用抑菌圈试验研究了所制膜的抗菌效果。结果表明：硅烷偶联剂KH-792中的甲氧基与HNTs上的羟基成功地发生反应,并且接枝量为0.105g (KH-792)?g -1 (HNTs);改性后的HNTs与Ag成功地发生络合反应,并且络合量近似为0.145g (Ag)?g -1 (HNTs);溶剂中负载纳米银的埃洛石纳米管(Ag- HNTs)所占比例的增加能提高膜的水通量,而截留率保持在95%左右。所制备的膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑制作用。     

环氧树脂改性苯丙乳液的制备研究

采用乳液聚合法制备出环氧树脂接枝改性苯丙乳液(EP-SA),重点研究了2种不同相对分子质量的环氧树脂对接枝效率、接枝共聚物相对分子质量、乳液粒子粒径及其分布、粒子形貌、乳液涂膜耐水性的影响,结果表明:E-20环氧树脂改性苯丙综合性能更好。采用氧化还原后聚合处理以及水合肼转化后处理方法,成功地将EP-SA的残余单体浓度控制在30×10-6以下。     

超声波场下相分离法制备Ag/PA-6复合粒子

在尼龙-6（PA-6）的甲酸溶液中加入表面处理的Ag粒子,然后采用滴加非溶剂法和冷却降温法相结合的相分离法促使PA-6粒子的成型,同时在相分离及分散过程中引入超声波场,制备出Ag/PA-6复合粒子。通过对Ag/PA-6复合粒子的结构表征,发现Ag/PA-6复合粒子形状不规整,表面存在一定的缺陷,但结构非常致密,复合粒子周围及表面无游离的纳米Ag粒子存在,包覆率较高。在相同无机粒子添加量（质量分数20%）的条件下,采用相分离法制备的复合粒子的无机粒子包覆率（81%）高于原位分散聚合法（47%）。     

抗菌聚丙烯的制备及其抗菌性能

采用熔融接枝法将反应性有机抗菌剂接枝到聚丙烯上得到抗菌聚丙烯.通过控制有机抗菌剂的添加量,成功制备了一系列抗菌聚丙烯,研究了其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能以及持久抗菌效果,并与采用共混法制备的抗菌聚丙烯进行比较.结果表明:采用熔融接枝法制备的抗菌聚丙烯的抑菌效率大于99％,所需最低抗菌剂含量为1％(w);通过反...     

再生纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线抗菌复合膜制备及性能

以1-丁基-3甲基咪唑氯盐（[Bmim]Cl）为溶剂体系，通过微晶纤维素（MCC）溶解再生制备基膜，壳聚糖（CS）、银纳米线（AgNW）共混液包覆方法制备抗菌复合膜，通过FTIR、XRD、SEM和热重分析对复合膜的形貌和结构进行表征及对力学、光学、阻隔、抑菌等性能测试分析。结果表明，壳聚糖和银纳米线成功复合于纤维素基膜，与再生纤维素膜相比，当AgNW质量分数为0.5%时，复合膜的拉伸强度提升了12.2%，透光率保持在89.82%，氧气透过率下降了86.7%，且对大肠杆菌具有良好的抑制作用，制备出一种力学性能、光学性能、阻隔性能、抗菌性能优异的可降解纤维素/壳聚糖/银纳米线抗菌复合膜。     

苯乙烯无皂乳液聚合接枝纳米TiO2的研究

采用无皂乳液聚合法，使苯乙烯单体（St）在烷基化预处理的纳米TiO2粒子的表面进行接枝聚合，得到了稳定的以纳米TiO2粒子为核、接枝聚苯乙烯为壳的复合颗粒（TiO2-g-PS）。研究了烷基化预处理以及聚合条件（单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应时间）对TiO2表面接枝改性的影响，并对其聚合机理进行了探讨。结果表明：PS以化学键成功地接到纳米TiO2的表面，并且可以通过改变接枝聚合的条件来调节粒子上所接聚苯乙烯的结构，为进一步优化纳米粒子填充聚合物复合材料的结构和性能之间的关系建立基础。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。