采用修正的高次平面应力单元分析多边形截面框筒结构

本文讨论截面为任意多边形的框筒结构在横向荷载下的简化计算。分析中采用框筒连续化的计算假定,将框筒结构简化为等效的棱柱壳。应用修正的八结点高次平面应力矩形单元分析棱柱壳的应力。同时考虑了框筒结构的空间整体作用,保证了等效棱柱壳在相邻边界上的位移协调。算例表明,本方法能有效地描述框筒结构的“剪力滞后”效应,并具有计算量较少、精度较高和适用性较广的优点。     

底层大柱距框筒结构的受扭特性

本文提出了一种简便而又较精确的方法,以分析受扭的框筒结构,并介绍了一个15层的有机玻璃框筒结构模型试验情况。模型为底层大柱距的框筒结构,量测了结构的扭转角和第一、第二两层柱内的应变,通过换算得到柱内的剪力分布规律。根据模型试验结果,用等效的平面框架代替三维的框筒结构,在角柱处设置一具有特殊性质的水平虚拟构件,扭矩的作用,用作用于平面框架内的水平剪力来替代。计算结果与本文模型和另一模型的试验结果都相符合。最后,提出了一些主要结构参数对内力影响的规律,并进行了讨论。     

剪切型金属阻尼器恢复力模型研究

剪切型金属阻尼器在新建工程及结构抗震加固工程中已得到了较广泛的应用,其恢复力模型是进行整体结构非线性地震反应分析的基础。为了更准确地描述剪切型金属阻尼器的剪力-变形滞回关系,提出了一种考虑性能退化的新型恢复力模型。通过独立参数控制恢复力模型,以考虑剪切型金属阻尼器在大变形下的强度退化、刚度退化、耗能能力退化等特征。根据所提模型,采用C++语言开发了能够用于剪切型金属阻尼器抗震分析的计算程序,并将其嵌入到结构通用分析软件OpenSees中。使用该模型对现有钢连梁和钢板剪力墙两类剪切型金属阻尼器进行了模拟。结果表明:该文建立的恢复力模型能较准确地模拟试验结果,能够反映剪切型金属阻尼器包括大变形阶段在内的整个变形阶段的滞回性能。该模型可用于安装了剪切型金属阻尼器的整体结构非线性地震反应分析。     

薄壁箱梁剪力滞剪切变形双重效应分析的矩阵方法

本文在得到薄壁箱梁同时考虑剪力滞及剪切变形影响微分方程初参数解的基础上,进一步推导出单元刚度矩阵和等效结点荷载,从而使薄壁箱梁势力滞、剪切变形效应分析方法方便地纳入广泛应用的矩阵位移法程序系统,为连续梁等复杂结构的剪力滞及剪切变形效应分析提供了强有力的计算手段。     

基于能量平衡的基础隔震结构地震响应预测及优化设计法研究

为了能快速准确地预测基础隔震结构隔震层响应的上限值,针对隔震层设置滞回型阻尼器的基础隔震结构建立地震能量平衡方程,根据等价往复滞回次数下限值经验公式提出考虑等价往复滞回次数降低的地震响应预测法。给出了预测式的推导过程,分析了阻尼量较大时等价往复滞回次数降低的现象,通过非线性时程分析验证了该预测法的准确性。分析了最优总剪力系数设计的剪力降低效果。利用总剪力降低率和位移降低率的线性组合构建优化设计目标函数,在此基础上提出能够考虑剪力和位移不同侧重需求的优化设计法。通过对6层钢框架基础隔震结构进行优化设计和时程分析验算,验证了优化设计法的可行性与高效性。     

简支矩形深受弯箱梁静力性能试验研究

由于城市土地用途改变,冲沟回填筑路,原架空箱涵被掩埋并承受较大的附加土压力和车辆荷载,荷载工况的改变导致管道结构存在破坏风险。对山地城市排水干管常见的深受弯钢筋混凝土架空箱梁进行了模型静力加载试验,分析了此类箱梁的破坏形式、剪力滞效应和抗剪性能,讨论了现行有关设计规范对于箱涵抗弯承载力计算之不足,并对箱梁进行了非线性有限元模拟分析。研究表明:竖向均布荷载作用下,跨高比接近5的简支矩形深受弯箱梁的最终破坏为弯曲破坏。跨中截面无明显剪力滞现象,开裂前1/4跨截面剪力滞效应较明显,开裂后剪力滞效应逐渐削弱。箍筋作为主要的抗剪部件,在斜裂缝出现后承担着大部分剪力。非线性有限元模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。对于按简支结构设计的排水箱涵在回填前应进行加固措施,避免排水箱涵过早开裂,影响管道的正常使用。     

二级动态子结构法在框筒结构动力特性空间分析中的应用

考虑楼板变形，采用空间杆，薄板力学模型，运用固定界面模态综合法将框筒结构沿高度划分为两级子结构，对框筒结构的动力特性进行了分析，并使计算过程得以上５８６微机上实现。     

薄壁曲线箱梁考虑材料弹塑性的剪力滞效应

依据势能变分原理,推导了薄壁曲线箱梁考虑翼缘应力剪力滞效应和材料非线性的刚度矩阵。采用样条有限点法和截面内力塑性系数法对薄壁曲线箱梁的弹塑性问题进行了求解。研究表明:弯曲剪力滞效应系数的非线性特征较挠度和扭转角的要明显;在荷载达到一定程度时,随荷载的增加,箱梁截面上的翼缘应力的分布逐渐均匀。该文的方法简单、实用,并可推广于变截面、变曲率薄壁曲线箱梁的计算。     

框筒结构剪力滞后分析

根据连续化原理,把框筒等效连续化为由各向异性板和角柱围成的等效实腹薄壁筒,引入纵向位移的三次样条插值函数,建立考虑剪力滞后影响的框筒结构受弯分析的哈密顿对偶求解体系,用精细积分法求该体系的高精度数值解。选用三次样条插值函数,有效的反映出框筒结构的剪力滞后现象。     

反复荷载下钢筋混凝土剪力墙的非线性有限元分析

本文介绍了反复荷载下非线性有限元分析程序,该程序针对钢筋混凝土剪力墙类结构的特点,采用了钢筋与混凝土复合单元计算模型,考虑混凝土裂面接触效应的反复加载混凝土应力-应变关系。在钢筋应力-应变关系中,还同时考虑了混凝土开裂后钢筋的拉伸强化效应及反复荷载下钢筋的Bausinger效应。本文还介绍了作者利用该程序对反复荷载试验的试件及Ger-venka的剪力墙板进行的计算分析。结果表明,本文所采用的分析模型是合理、准确的;和国内外以往的分析比较,本文的方法成功地消去了力-位移滞回曲线中的拐点现象,而且计算的混凝土裂缝开闭也能和实测较好地吻合。表明本文方法能为分析反复荷载下钢筋混凝土剪力墙类结构性能提供一个准确、有力的工具。     

Determination of partial factor for model uncertainty for unreinforced masonry shear walls

Experiments in structural engineering can play an important role in the prediction and characterization of the material properties and behaviour of structural components. In order to cover all aspects in tests and use the results for design purposes, several methods have been included in EN 1990 Annex D for design based on test data. The calculation of characteristic values and design values for material resistance are the main aspects. In this study, the recommended methods in Annex D of EN 1990 for resistance of the material will be used to extract the partial safety factors for masonry structures based on the formulation of design and characteristic values. A database including more than 100 tests on unreinforced masonry shear walls will be used to evaluate the results. The resistance model for shear walls based on the recommendation in the Eurocode will be compared with the test results. The main aim will be to compare the model prediction and the test results. Deviation of the prediction from the test is caused by model error or model uncertainty. The test database includes results for three types of masonry units – fired clay, calcium silicate and autoclaved aerated concrete. The evaluation of partial factors for masonry shear models will be undertaken based on the scatter and the model bias for the whole database. Further analysis will also be performed for each type of masonry unit for classification of the outcome.     

Performance assessment of irregular RC buildings with shear walls after Earthquake

This paper discusses the behavior of frame-wall irregularity on established existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures that were subjected to the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake in Turkey. In particular, reference is made to the nonlinear static analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) structures containing shear walls. The layered shell model has been chosen due to its advantages. The damage observed after reconnaissance studies has been captured using the 3D model. The imperfections that the irregularity effects caused are discussed throughout the paper.     

Stress transfer in multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The interaction and load transfer between the multiple shells of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) are the subject of intense research by both analysts and experimentalists. Observations of both lubricated sliding and adhesion between individual shells in MWNT have been observed. While the atomic interactions due to simple separation have been successfully modeled by the Lennard-Jones interaction potential for graphene structures, modeling of the shearing deformation mode has been problematic. In the present work, the authors utilize two approaches in continuum mechanics to examine the shearing transfer between shells in a MWNT subjected to extensional and torsional loading wherein the load is transferred through the outermost shell to interior shells. The first approach follows the earlier developments of the authors wherein imperfect bonding between the shells is governed by a shearing transfer efficiency that varies between perfect bonding and zero shearing traction. The second approach utilizes a classical shear lag model to study the shearing transfer between the shells. A comparison between the shear lag and shear transfer models shows the equivalence of the two approaches for two-shell MWNT and numerical solutions are presented for the shear lag model for multiple layers beyond two. Agreement between the two models for multi-shells is demonstrated by varying an adjustable parameter that depends solely on the MWNT geometry. The simplicity of the shear transfer model as compared to the shear lag model constitutes an important advantage. The fundamental discrepancy between the two models lies in the fact that length dependence is inherent to the shear lag analysis, while according to the shear transfer model, stress transfer does not depend explicitly on length.     

静动力弹塑性分析的杆系离散单元计算理论研究

杆系离散单元法的现有研究成果均假定接触本构模型的切向弹簧仅用于描述剪力引起的纯剪切变形,这与弯曲梁理论下剪力引起的变形情况不相符。该文针对该问题重新定义了切向弹簧,并根据能量等效原理系统推导了不考虑或考虑剪切变形工况接触本构模型的切向接触刚度系数计算公式。在此基础上,提出了杆系离散单元精细塑性铰法以描述结构的塑性开展问题,推导了颗粒间的弹塑性接触本构模型。采用自编程序对两个大型网壳结构分别进行了静、动力弹塑性行为分析,验证了接触本构模型正确性和精细塑性铰法的适用性。该文将杆系离散单元法的基本计算理论系统化,并补充了杆系离散单元法的弹塑性计算理论,为结构静、动力分析提供了新思路。     

Improved nonlinear buckling analysis of structures

The theory of structural stability is both an important and a difficult subject, whose main field of application is found in the design of thin wall lightweight structures and shells. It is unavoidable to employ nonlinear model and to use finite element numerical method in order to obtain the critical load under the action of which the instability of structures will occur. Thus, it becomes very important how to simplify such a nonlinear problem that appears in instability analysis. In this paper, an improvement on previous nonlinear buckling analysis is proposed, in which the emphasis is on the shortcut of calculation of pre-buckling fundamental path. The nonlinear equation used to solve the displacement vector is translated into the linear one to solve the load factor by means of the concept of energy conservation. The detailed procedure to calculate the nonlinear buckling load is presented and two simple examples are also shown as the application of suggested method. The theoretical analysing and numerical examples show that the suggested method is valid for predicting the nonlinear critical loads of structures.     

一种带边柱的钢筋混凝土剪力墙空间非线性分析模型

基于纤维模型概念,提出了一种便于钢筋混凝土高层框架-剪力墙结构空间非线性分析的带边柱剪力墙单元模型。将墙体和边柱视作一个整体单元,导出了相应刚度矩阵。用细分的纤维元模拟混凝土和钢筋的线性和非线性特性,墙元用平面纤维元模拟,柱元用空间纤维元模拟,在考虑墙、柱构件各自受力特点的同时,保证了模型的整体协调性。编制了可应用于钢筋混凝土高层框架-剪力墙结构空间分析的计算机程序。两个算例证明了该文模型的正确性和有效性。     

Fiber/epoxy interfacial shear strength measured by the microdroplet test

In this study, we analyzed the interfacial shear strength between epoxy and carbon fibers, measured from microdroplet specimens adhered onto a single carbon fiber. Microdroplet specimens exhibited different results of the interfacial strength according to the range of embedded fiber lengths and the calculation methods. The shear stress distributions along the interface were calculated by using the finite element analysis of the droplet, sphere and cylinder model types. The stress analysis showed that a larger shear stress concentration arose along the interface for the droplet model than for the cylindrical one. A compensation factor for the conventional shear lag model is suggested to deduce the real interfacial shear strength on the basis of the average octahedral shear stress calculated from the distortional energy for a unit volume.     

基于离散宏单元的砌体结构高效非线性分析方法

砌体结构由力学性能不同的块体和砂浆构成，材料的各向异性使结构非线性行为体现出高度复杂性。砌体结构非线性分析模型主要包括分离式和整体式两种:分离式模型将块体、砂浆及二者粘结界面分开建模，可以精细化揭示砌体非线性行为和破坏形态，但非线性分析计算量大，多用于局部构件的细部分析和模拟；整体式模型将块体和砂浆假定为连续的匀质体，建模过程简单、易行，适用于整体结构的宏观分析。无论是分离式还是整体式，结构非线性计算分析中大规模刚度矩阵的实时更新与分解降低了分析效率。该文提出了一种基于整体式空间离散宏单元模型的砌体结构高效非线性分析方法，该方法采用剪切单元模拟砌体墙的斜截面剪切破坏模式，采用无厚界面单元模拟砌体墙的正截面弯曲破坏模式、正截面剪切滑移破坏模式和平面外剪扭破坏模式，进一步将剪切单元等效斜向弹簧的轴向变形和无厚界面单元上下表面的相对变形分解为线弹性和非线性两部分，并引入塑性自由度描述分离出的非线性部分，可将任意时刻的切线刚度矩阵表示为初始弹性刚度矩阵的低秩摄动形式，引入Woodbury公式进行求解，该文方法避免了大规模整体刚度矩阵的迭代更新，非线性分析的主要计算量仅集中于小规模非线性矩阵的更新与分解，显著提升了计算效率。     

高层隔震结构单质点模型的地震响应单纯质点法研究

提出了可以快速计算高层隔震结构地震响应的单纯质点法.这种方法基于基底剪力及能量等效原则,建立简化单质点分析模型与原结构模型之间的转换关系及模型参数取值,引入能量平衡方法计算简化分析模型的包络反应,最后利用能量平衡原理及模型参数转换关系,来预测原高层隔震结构的各层地震反应包络值.给出了分析高层隔震结构加速度、隔震层及上部结构的层间变形、层间剪力等预测计算式.通过22层高层隔震结构工程实例来验证单纯质点法的有效性及计算精度,分析结果表明:简化计算结果与多质点模型时程分析法计算结果相当.所提计算方法计算量少,参数取值明确方便,同时具有良好的地震响应分析精度.