溴化锂机组冷却炼厂循环水的应用分析

炼厂低温余热由于温度低、热源分布广等特点,回收热能困难,回收低温余热成为我国炼油企业节能的重要途径之一.本文通过对溴化锂吸收式制冷及炼厂低温热特点的分析,提出利用低温热作为驱动溴化锂吸收式制冷机的热源的方案,并以某催化裂化装置为例,设计单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机.该制冷机设计合理,COP为0.67,产生的冷量为8.8741 x10 7kcal/h,可实现年节省2050.3万元,经济效益显著.低温余热驱动溴化锂吸收式制冷机可以完全冷却本装置产生的循环水,实现炼厂的节能减排目标,而该制冷机安全环保,应用于炼厂的低温热回收安全可靠.     

略论近期溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展

全球溴化锂吸收式制冷机的市场主要在远东,潜在市场在中东和西亚,欧美的使用有限.我国近期溴化锂吸收式制冷机的生产有较大幅度的提升,近年来蒸汽型机组与大于200kW的直燃型机组生产台数基本上趋于稳定,小容量直燃型机组增长较快.近期溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展主要是高效化、推广应用于热电冷联产系统、以及回收余热和利用太阳能.走节能型、环保型溴化锂吸收式制冷机之路是发展的必然趋势.     

适应于热水加热的溴化锂吸收式制冷机降膜式发生器的实验研究

一、前言 溴化锂吸收式制冷机在我国得到了迅速的发展及广泛的应用。除用蒸汽外,它还在回收85～95℃余热水方面也得到了应用,用热水作溴化锂吸收式制冷机的驱动热源,其品位较低,若用现常用的沉浸式发生器,与蒸汽驱动相比,它的过热度及热流密度均较小,因此,发生器的传热传质系数较低,发生效果较差。为了改善发生器的性能,提高它的传热传质系数,热水型溴化锂吸收式制冷机可     

MHW系列电子水处理仪在溴化锂吸收式制冷机上的应用

以水为制冷剂,以溴化锂为吸收剂的吸收式制冷机于1945年在美国的开利亚公司研制成功。溴化锂吸收式制冷机具有节电、安全、无污染、噪音低、可用余热等特点。目前,溴化锂吸收式制冷机已广泛应用于石油、化工、冶金、纺织和制药等工业生产部门的工艺冷却以及宾馆、影剧院和办公大楼等建筑物的中央空调系统。就江苏省来说,因经济的迅速发展和人民生活水平的提高,电力消费的速度远远超过电力本身建设的速度,电力供求矛盾加剧。而溴化锂吸收式制冷机的耗电量比压缩式或离心式制冷机耗电低得多。此外,目前离心式制冷机常用的R11氯氟烃工质将要禁止使用。所以,溴化锂吸收式制冷机具有良好的市场前景。     

国内外溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展概述

一、溴化锂吸收式制冷机的主要特点 众所周知,溴化锂吸收式制冷机是利用热能为动力制取冷量的机器。其主要特点是: 1.利用热能为动力,能源利用的范围广,它具有两个主要特性:(1)低势热能的利用,余热、废热、排热的利用使溴化锂吸收式制冷机具有节能的特性;(2)以热     

利用低位余热的双级氨水吸收式制冷机的性能研究及其在冷库与冷饮生产中的应用

本文用实验方法研究了以低位余热蒸汽为热源的双级氨水吸收式制冷机的性能,初步得到了其变化规律,并介绍了该机在冷库与冷饮生产中推广应用情况。最后,将实验装置在设计工况下的各项性能指标与国外文献记录的数值进行了对比,同时将吸收式制冷机与压缩式制冷机作了初步的经济比较。     

希望深蓝强势推出热水二段串联型溴化锂吸收式冷水机组

随着节能环保政策的推进,相关工业领域,如石油化工、钢铁、电力及热电联产、煤炭、制浆造纸、机械制造、酿酒等行业的余热利用潜能将逐渐被挖掘出来,用余热作为热源的溴化锂吸收式制冷机将是行业发展的方向。     

三效溴化锂吸收式制冷机概述

溴化锂吸收式制冷机是以热能为动力,水为制冷剂,溴化锂水溶液为吸收剂制取空调或工艺用冷(热)水的制冷设备。这种制冷机因为热能为动力,能源利用的范围广,特别是余热、废热、排热的利用使溴化锂吸收式制冷机具要节能的特性。同时,因为水为制冷工     

高温水大温差溴化锂吸收式制冷机

本文简要介绍了一种新型的高温水大温差溴化锂吸收式制冷机,可以利用城市高温水热网及石化企业等领域的余热热水,大幅度降低高温水的回水温度,提高能源利用率.     

塑料管单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机理论与实验研究

溴化锂吸收式制冷机在工业中有着广泛的应用,但传热管腐蚀及其引起的拎量衰减一直以来是人们难以解决的问题。采用塑料传热管代替铜传热管有望解决这个难题。分析了单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机的理论循环,对塑料管单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机进行了热力计算和传热计算,设计了塑料管单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机的结构,为塑料管单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机的实验性能测试提供参考依据。     

有限热源四温位不可逆吸收式制冷循环模型及性能分析

建立了热源热容量有限、综合考虑热源与环境间的热漏、热源与循环工质问的热阻以及循环内部不可逆性时的不可逆四温位吸收式制冷循环模型，并导出了循环制冷率和制冷系数间的一般关系式；利用数值算例，分析了吸收式制冷机的一般性能和优化性能，得出了热漏、内不可逆性和工质放热量分配率对循环性能的影响规律。所得结论可为吸收式制冷机的设计和优化提供一些新的理论指导。     

Coefficient of performance of multistage absorption cycles

A method is presented by which the coefficients of performance of advanced absorption cycles can be calculated very quickly if the efficiencies of single-stage heat pumps and heat transformers are known. The method provides detailed results for the heat input or output of the individual exchange units. These values can be used as a basis for comparison of different cycles, for numerical cycle calculations or for estimates of investment costs. Examples are given for heat pumps, refrigerators, heat transformers and heat pump transformers. Numerical results are presented for the working fluid pairs H₂O/LiBr and NH₃/H₂O.

Résumé

A method is presented by which the coefficients of performance of advanced absorption cycles can be calculated very quickly if the efficiencies of single-stage heat pumps and heat transformers are known. The method provides detailed results for the heat input or output of the individual exchange units. These values can be used as a basis for comparison of different cycles, for numerical cycle calculations or for estimates of investment costs. Examples are given for heat pumps, refrigerators, heat transformers and heat pump transformers. Numerical results are presented for the working fluid pairs H₂O/LiBr and NH₃/H₂O.     

不可逆四热源吸收式制冷系统的基本优化关系及其性能分析

应用四热源内可逆循环模型研究吸收式制冷机受传热不可逆性影响时的性能,导出循环的单位面积制冷负载和制冷系统间的基本优化关系,由此讨论循环的各种优化性能,从而得到一些有意义的新结果,进而引进不可逆因子,用于分析工质内不可逆性的影响,使结果更接近于实际,对吸收式制冷机的优化设计和运行起到更好的指导作用。     

Measurement of the heat transfer characteristics of gas flow in fine channel heat exchangers used for microminiature refrigerators

The heat transfer characteristics have been measured for the flow of gas in the fine channels of the heat exchangers used for microminiature J-T refrigerators. The test channels were fabricated using a photolithographic technique similar to that used for the fabrication of the refrigerators. The unique features of such channels are their asymmetric roughness, their large relative roughness and a large variation of the heat flux and temperature over the walls of the channels. The tests involved both laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The results we have obtained are useful for designing heat exchangers in microminiature refrigerators.     

Effect of vapor flow on the falling-film heat and mass transfer of the ammonia/water absorber

Falling-film heat and mass transfer in an absorber can be influenced by the motion of the surrounding refrigerant vapor. In this study, the effect of the vapor flow direction on the absorption heat and mass transfer has been investigated for a falling-film helical coil absorber which is frequently used in the ammonia/water absorption refrigerators. The heat and mass transfer performance was measured for both parallel and countercurrent flow. The experiments were carried out for three different solution concentrations (3, 14, and 30%). The vapor in equilibrium with the solution is supplied to the test section. It is found that the falling-film heat and mass transfer is deteriorated in the countercurrent flow if the specific volume of the vapor solution is large. For the countercurrent flow, the high velocity of the vapor due to large specific volume seems to cause the unfavorable distribution of falling-film and reduce the heat and mass transfer performance of the ammonia absorber. The effect of vapor flow direction decreased with increasing concentration of ammonia solution since the specific volume of the ammonia vapor which is in equilibrium with the solution becomes smaller and the vapor velocity becomes lower.     

论扩散-吸收式冰箱热虹吸泵对制冷系统的影响

扩散-吸收式冰箱是利用加热实现制冷。其使制冷剂循环的设备是热虹吸泵，本文分析热虹吸泵的热负荷及结构尺寸与冰箱制冷量之间的关系，为扩散-吸收式冰箱的制造提供理论依据。     

Finite-time thermodynamics optimization of an irreversible parallel flow double-effect absorption refrigerator

Finite-time thermodynamics optimization analysis based on the coefficient of performance and the ecological coefficient of performance criteria has been carried out. This was done analytically and numerically for a double-effect parallel flow absorption refrigerator with losses of heat resistance, heat leakage and internal irreversibility. The maximum of the coefficient of performance and the corresponding optimal conditions have been derived analytically. The optimum performance parameters, which maximize the coefficient of performance objective function have been investigated. The effects of irreversibility parameters on the general and optimal performances on the basis of COP and ECOP functions have been discussed. The results obtained may provide the basis for designing real double-effect parallel flow absorption refrigerators.     

Transient testing of perforated plate matrix heat exchangers

Till recently, perforated plate matrix heat exchangers (MHEs) were used mainly in helium liquefaction systems and Brayton cycle refrigerators. Currently they are also being used in Kleemenko or J-T refrigerators operating with a mixture of gases. It is now well understood that the effectiveness of a MHE is strongly dependent on the number of plate-spacer pairs used. It has also been shown that the traditional methods used for reducing the transient single blow method to determine the heat transfer coefficients cannot be used for MHEs.In this paper we show that the traditional methods can indeed be used for determining the heat transfer coefficients using the transient testing methods, provided certain conditions are met.     

Investigation of two-phase heat transfer coefficients of argon–freon cryogenic mixed refrigerants

Mixed refrigerant Joule Thomson refrigerators are widely used in various kinds of cryogenic systems these days. Although heat transfer coefficient estimation for a multi-phase and multi-component fluid in the cryogenic temperature range is necessarily required in the heat exchanger design of mixed refrigerant Joule Thomson refrigerators, it has been rarely discussed so far. In this paper, condensation and evaporation heat transfer coefficients of argon–freon mixed refrigerant are measured in a microchannel heat exchanger. A Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) with 340 μm hydraulic diameter has been developed as a compact microchannel heat exchanger and utilized in the experiment. Several two-phase heat transfer coefficient correlations are examined to discuss the experimental measurement results. The result of this paper shows that cryogenic two-phase mixed refrigerant heat transfer coefficients can be estimated by conventional two-phase heat transfer coefficient correlations.     

关于在吸收式空调领域内实现节能减排的研究

为响应国家节能减排的能源政策号召,促进“十一五”规划的顺利进行,本文结合我国现阶段的能源利用状况,以余热利用为切入点,立足于节能减排,提高能源利用率,系统介绍各种可以利用余热、废热和清洁能源（包括太阳能、河水、井水、发电机缸套冷却水、工厂废热水、废热蒸汽、废热烟气）的溴化锂吸收式冷（温）水机组,并阐述其实现节能减排的途径,希望以此为节能减排事业开拓出一条新思路,为我国更好更快地建成资源节约型、环境友好型社会尽绵薄之力。