5G URLLC应用场景中低时延、高可靠关键技术分析

文章在概述5G网络端到端传输时延类型及URLLC业务时延要求的基础上,对传输网URLLC关键技术和核心网URLLC关键技术展开分析,面向不同的URLLC业务应用场景,制定不同的技术组合方案,以优化5GURLLC网络应用,为运营商降低5G网络时延和提高可靠性提供技术参考。     

一种分域分段的VoLTE业务时延优化方法

呼叫建立时延做为VoLTE关键性能指标,对其进行优化,可以提高用户对VoLTE业务满意度。本文以V2V呼叫端到端信令流程为基础,通过对VoLTE业务时延进行建模,提出一种分域分段的VoLTE时延优化和指标监控方法,旨在通过“分段监控、分段定位和分段优化”及时发现、定位和优化VoLTE时延问题。     

基于业务临近度的电力通信网脆弱性分析

电力通信网脆弱性分析对确保电力系统安全运行和加强电网健壮性具有重要意义。以网络端到端时延理论为基础,建立基于业务临近度的电力通信网的脆弱性分析和评估模型。通过分析电力通信网的运行情况和业务分布,估算出端对端的传输时延、业务临近度和相邻节点的业务临近度相关性,建立业务链和节点的脆弱性分析模型。以IEEE-30节点系统为例进行仿真,完成对通信网络的脆弱性分析。对节点和业务链进行脆弱性排序,结果表明节点时延、业务分布和节点相关度三者与电力通信网的脆弱性密切相关。     

一种基于无线TCP时延的互联网业务问题定界和优化方法

为提升用户互联网业务感知,本文提出了一种基于TCP建立时延的跨层优化方法,将TCP建立时延拆解为无线TCP时延与核心TCP时延两个独立过程.以某省TCP业务为样本,通过多项式回归算法得到无线TCP时延与用户数的关系,论证了在用户数小于200个且网络性能稳定时,无线TCP时延与等待调度时间强相关、与业务类型无关.通过定量...     

江苏移动智能网VPN用户呼叫时延应用分析

对智能网业务对用户呼叫业务时延指标影响进行了深入分析,描述了采集分析点,详细说明了VPN业务信令流程,针对VPN用户间集团号码呼叫的时延分布进行端到端跟踪分析,定位影响用户感知的接续时延问题点,并提出了有针对性的改善解决方案。     

面向航天器有线无线混合场景的流调度机制研究

随着各国深空探测任务的开展,空间站的建设需求日益增加,而航天器内部大量的数据通信总线在一定程度上影响了航天器的有效载荷。因此,该文将无线通信方式引入到航天器通信系统设计中,但传统无线通信难以保障时敏数据的端到端传输时延,该文提出了一种有线无线融合的时间敏感网络(TSN)流调度方案。设计了一种上下行时隙分离的TDMA时隙分配机制,通过对航天器内部业务类型与有线无线融合传输链路的时延关系进行建模分析,构建了以时敏业务平均端到端时延最小的目标函数,采用粒子群算法对时隙分配方案进行快速求解。最后在Pycharm平台对所提算法进行对比测试,并在EXata网络仿真平台搭建航天传感器采集网络进行验证。实验结果表明,该文所提出的有线无线融合流调度方案能为时敏业务提供稳定、有界的时延保障。     

网络QoS特性分析

服务质量（ＱｏＳ）是指在网络连接中由业务所决定的性能度量，如带宽、时延或连接中传送数据所允许的消息丢失率。ＱｏＳ需要通过新的连接发起时的接入控制机制获得保证。 服务质量的量化指标 用户感知到的服务质量，即传输的时延。时延上要从以下方面对不同服务产生不同的影响：端到端时延（Ｅｎｄ－ｔｏ－ｅｎｄ　ｄｅｌａｙ）；时延变化（即抖动，ｊｉｔｔｅｒ）。交互式的实时业务（如语音通信等）对端到端时延和抖动很敏感。非交方式的实时业务（如单向广播等）对端到端时延不敏感，但对抖动敏感。非实时业务往往对时延不敏感，但由于…     

一种基于无线TCP时延的互联网业务问题定界和优化的方法

为提升用户互联网业务感知、缩短建立时延,本文提出了一种基于TCP建立时延的跨层优化方法。通过对协议的研究,将TCP建立时延拆解为无线TCP时延与核心TCP时延两个独立过程。以某省TCP业务为样本,通过多项式回归算法得到无线TCP时延与用户数的函数关系式,论证了在用户数小于200个且网络性能稳定时,无线TCP时延与等待调度时间强相关、与业务类型无关。本文通过定量分析、建模仿真和现网验证,完成了TCP建立时延拆分和感知问题定界,得到了无线TCP时延在无线资源管理机制下的SR调度数据量、DRX Inactive Timer和IBLER的最优配置策略,具有较高的实践价值。     

网络时延对数据中心布局的影响研究

随着5G、移动互联网、大数据、人工智能等信息技术与经济社会各领域的深度融合,不同业务数据对传输时延提出了不同要求,低时延业务需求迅速增长,网络时延已成为用户选取数据中心的重要指标。在端到端分析数据包传输的基础上,重点研究了影响网络时延的主要因素及相应的优化措施,并提出数据中心选址的建议。     

ATM网络的实时性应用

ATM拥有一套完整的实时性业务流的标准系列,包括传送不同类型数据的多种业务类别和电路仿真能力。电路仿真是一种在ATM网络上支持T1/E1电路应用的方法。标准还包括各种时延控制算法。有关商接在ATM上处理话音的方法,及如何将TCP/IP的RSVP(资源顶订协议)方案与ATM COS(业务类别)机制结合等问题的研究正在进行中。 把所有这些方法结合在一起,ATM就将成为运行端到端实时性应用的最佳选择。实时性应用(如图像、电话、数据或者它们的混合)都有严格的时延要求。网络中令人头疼的问题,如端到端时延、时延抖动(会导致图像和话音的振动)     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.