Physico-Chemical Investigation of Component Interactions of the Si ― Al ― O ― N ― Ti System in the Region Si3N4 ― AlN ― Al2O3 ― SiO2 ― TiN ― TiO2. Part 1. Subsystems Si3N4 ― Al2O3, Si3N4 ― TiN,and Al2O3 ― TiN

Using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray diffraction analysis an investigation was made of component reactions in the Si Al O N Ti system, particularly between the compounds Si ₃N₄ Al₂O₃, Si₃N₄ TiN, and Al₂O TiN under conditions approximating those used in the hot pressing of composites. It was established that in the reaction of Si₃N₄ with Al₂O₃, -sialon, SiO₂, AlN, and the intermediate reaction products (mullite and X-phase) are formed. In the reaction of Si₃N₄ with TiN, as a result of the decomposition of Si₃N₄ at 1650-1900°C titanium disilicide is produced, which forms eutectics with free silicon and residual TiN at 1320 and 1280°C, respectively. The reaction of Al₂O₃ with TiN similarly leads to the formation of a eutectic between Al₂O₃ and spinel at 1850°C. The presence of eutectic liquids in the specimens after sintering promotes densification of the material, and improves certain of its mechanical properties.     

Some Characteristic Features of Formation of Ceramics Based on Composite Powders SiC ― Si3N4 ― Si2N2O

We have studied the characteristic features of synthesis of composite powders SiC Si₃N₄ Si₂N₂O. We have investigated processes involving hot pressing of these powders without activating additives and a protective atmosphere. We consider the mechanical properties of ceramics obtained on the basis of these composite powders.     

氮化硅新型耐火材料中游离Si,Si3N4,SiO2,SiC的测定

测定Si_3N_4时,用NaOH熔融试样,硼酸吸收,硫酸标准溶液滴定。游离硅的测定用氟硅酸钾法。采用HF(HNO_3存在下)冷溶的方法测定(Si SiO_2)。碳化硅的含量用100%—(Si游% Si_3N_4% SiO_2)而得。     

Investigation of Liquid-Phase Sintering in W ― Sn ― Si Pseudoalloys

The kinetics of reaction between particles of tungsten and silicon during liquid-phase sintering of W Si Sn pseudoalloys was studied. Specimen growth caused by the formation of tungsten disilicide was observed. The growth rate in the investigated ranges of time and temperature obeyed a linear law. The rate constant was determined, and also the activation energy of the process, which agreed with the standard heat of formation of WSi₂.     

我国纳米级超细粉Si3N4,SiC产业化基地建成投产

一项具有国内领先、世界先进水平的纳米级超细粉生产线已建成投产,它的投产意味着我国纳米级碳化物、氮化物的超细粉材料已经进入产业化、商品化。该项目是由石家庄依斯特专利技术发展公司开发研制的,采用等离子体法气相合成工艺,该工艺具有反应气氛可调,生成物纯度高、颗...     

Formation of a Corrosion-Resistant Layer on Steel by Reaction with a Si3N 4 ― Al2O3 Composite under the Conditions of Light-Thermal Treatment

The formation of a surface layer on low-alloyed steel during light-thermal treatment with a composite material based on Si₃N₄ Al₂O₃ was investigated. The working surfaces were studied using metallographic, x-ray diffraction, and electron-probe microanalysis. It was found that the corrosion-resistant phases Al₂SiO₅, (Fe, Cr)₂O₃, (Cr, Al) ₂O₃, and NiCrO₄ formed in the alloyed layer, increasing its microhardness by 2-5 times and its corrosion resistance in sea water by more than two orders of magnitude.     

Si3N4在高炉出铁口炮泥中的应用

Ｓｉ３Ｎ４具有热震稳定性好、强度高的特点，在炮泥中加入适量的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４原料，旨在提高炮泥的抗侵蚀和抗冲出刷性能。新研制开发的ＴＡ－４炮泥，经过２座高炉７个月的应用，日出铁次数明显下降，铁口深度相对稳定，对延长炉缸寿命起到一定的作用。使用此炮泥，经济效益显著。     

纳米Fe包覆Si3N4及烧结组织分析

非均相沉淀-热还原法制备Fe/Si3N4颗粒复合粉末及常压烧结与热压。通过SEM、TEM、EDS、XRD等方法观察Fe/Si3N4复合粉末的结构形貌,常压烧结与热压后的微观组织。结果表明:复合粉末主要存在Fe相与Si3N4相,结构为纳米薄层Fe均匀包覆Si3N4颗粒;常压烧结与热压的样品微观组织有较大的不同:常压烧结样品存在的主要衍射峰为Fe/Si化合物、SiC和Si3N4,SEM图观察Fe/Si化合物晶粒粗大(2～3μm),分布在Si3N4(1μm左右)相之中;热压样品存在的主要衍射峰为Fe、Fe/Si化合物和Si3N4,SEM图观察Fe/Si化合物晶粒较细(1μm左右),镶嵌在类似玻璃态物质中。并通过热力学分析进行讨论与解释。     

具有优良高温性能的新型Si3N4陶瓷

本文对含无毒性非氧化物加入剂AlN,AlN+ZrN,ZrN的Si_3N_4陶瓷材料的高温性能作了比较细致的研究,并与含MgO.Al_2O_3,MgO,BeSiN_2的陶瓷材料作了对比。研究表明,采用复合加入剂AlN+ZrN,避免了BeSiN_2有毒及其材料常温力学性能不佳的问题,在很大程度上提高了Si_3N_4材料的高温性能。其在1400℃下的氧化速率常数较之以MgO.Al_2O_3为加入剂的Si_3N_4材料低两个数量级,1400℃的抗弯强度与室温强度的比值由41.5％提高到71％,同时抗热震性相当好(△Tc≥900℃),从而为在高温度、高应力条件下使用Si_3N_4瓷陶材料提供了一条有效的途径。     

Effect of Y2O3, CeO2 on Sintering Properties of Si3N4 Ceramics

The effect of rare earth oxides Y203 or Ce02 on sintering properties of Si3N4 ceramics was studied and the mechanism of assisting action during sintering was analyzed. The results in dicate that the best sintering properties appear in Si3N4 ceramics with 5% Y203 or 8% CeO2. Secondary crystallites are formed at grain boundaries after heat treatment,which decreases the amount of glass phase and contributes to the improvement of high-temperature mechanical properties of silicon nitride.     

利用铁尾矿合成Si3N4粉的实验研究

在热力学分析的基础上,以铁尾矿和碳黑为原料,采用碳热还原氮化法合成了 Si3N4粉.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术测定了产物的相组成和显微结构,研究了合成温度为1 450℃,恒温时间8 h,N2流量600 mL/min条件下原料组成(配碳比(C和SiO2摩尔比))对合成过程的影响.结果表明,配碳比对合成过程的影响非常显著,在实验条件下配碳比为2最佳.当配碳比小于2时,随配碳比的增加,产物中Si3N4相迅速增加;当配碳比大于2时,随配碳比的增加,产物中Si3N4相开始减少,而SiC相逐渐增多.配碳比为2时,产物中Si3N4晶粒多为等轴柱状或短棒状β-Si3N4.     

Si3N4用于400 MPa高强钢筋的工艺研究

热轧400 MPa高强钢筋(HRB400)是钢铁产业政策中重点推广的产品.本试验通过3种试验方案,系统研究了Si3N4作为增氮剂用于生产V微合金化Ⅲ级钢筋的可行性.结果表明采用Si3N4和FeV的加入量分别为0.5 kg/t和0.6 kg/t,完全可以达到甚至超过采用加入0.5 kg/tVN时的合理V,N配比,且钢筋性能优良稳定,是生产HRB400Ⅲ级钢筋的一种新合金化工艺.     

Si3N4基微米/纳米复合陶瓷微观组织

用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究纳米粉成分和含量对Ｓｉ３Ｎ４基纳米复合陶瓷组织的影响。ＳｉＣ（ｎ）／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４（μ）或Ｓｉ３Ｎ４（ｎ）／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４（μ）复合陶瓷的微观组织随纳米ＳｉＣ（ｎ）或Ｓｉ３Ｎ４（ｎ）含量的增加,基体组织逐渐变细。     

Thermodynamics of Component Interactions in Liquid Alloys of the Ternary Systems Ge(Al,Si) ― Ga ― Gd

The concentration dependence of the integral enthalpy of mixing in liquid alloys of the ternary systems Ge(Al, Si) Ga Gd at 1760 K, determined by the method of isoperibolic calorimetry and calculated using the surrounded atom model, was analyzed. Good agreement between H values obtained by both methods is noted. It was established that the interaction of gadolinium with components of the adjoining binary systems, which are characterized by the presence of intermetallic compounds, have a defining effect on the thermodynamics of alloy formation in the ternary systems Ge(Al, Si) Ga Gd.     

原位制备细晶Si3N4-Si2N2O复相陶瓷

以Y2O3和Al2O3纳米陶瓷粉体作为烧结助剂，液相烧结非晶纳米Si3N4陶瓷粉体，制备Si3N4-Si2N2O复相陶瓷。Si2N2O相通过原位反应2Si3N4(s) 1．5O2(g)：3S12N2O(s) N2(g)生成。160012烧结，烧结体保温30min，Si2N2O体积分数达到52％，基本由细小均匀的球形晶粒构成。平均粒径尺寸210nm，相变过程中，个别颗粒异常长大，长径比达到1．5。保温时间对孔隙、密度和粒径产生重要影响：随着保温时间的延长，孔隙逐渐收缩减小，烧结体的致密度逐渐提高，晶粒逐渐长大，保温60min，孔隙几乎完全闭合，相对密度达到99．1％，平均粒径280nm。当保温时间达到90min时，相对密度增加并不明显，但平均粒径长大到360nm。     

Regularities of Reactive Diffusion and Phase Formation in Ni ― Bi,Ni ― Zn,and Co ― Zn Binary Systems

Intermetallide layers enriched in bismuth or zinc are the first to grow in the Ni Bi, Ni Zn, and Co Zn reaction pairs. It is not found that high-symmetry phases of equiatomic composition are formed. There is not even a weak correlation between the rate of layer growth and the width of the homogeneity region for these intermetallic compounds. The main factors that determine the formation sequence for the intermetallic layers are the differences in melting point and atomic radius between the components, as well as the crystal structures of the intermetallides. The Kirkendall effect cannot be observed in the growing intermetallic layers. In that case, there is no physical basis for determining integrated diffusion coefficients.     

Bioceramics ― Yesterday,Today, Tomorrow

Developments and applications of bioceramics are reviewed. Used initially as alternatives to metallic materials in order to increase the biocompatibility of implants, bioceramics have become a diverse class of biomaterials presently including three basic types: bioinert high-strength ceramics; bioactive ceramics which form direct chemical bonds with bone or even with the soft tissue of a living organism; various bioresorbable ceramics which are actively included in the metabolic processes of an organism with predictable results. Certain members of the different types of bioceramics are the most bioinert and biocompatible of all known biomaterials. A review of the composition, physicochemical properties, and biological behavior of the principal types of bioceramic materials is given, based on the literature and some of our own data. The materials include, in addition to classical sintered ceramics, bioglass-ceramics and bioglasses which are similar in composition, properties, and applications. Special attention is given to structure as the main physical parameter determining not only the properties of the ceramic materials, but also their reaction with the biomedium. The present status of research and development in bioceramics is characterized as a first step in the solution of complex problems at the confluence of materials science, biology, and medicine by the synthesis of smart materials.