电网对大规模风电消纳能力分析

随着风电接入电网容量的增加,调峰能力、电网输送空间和安全裕度成为制约电网消纳风电的瓶颈,为此先对电网进行调峰能力计算,得出考虑系统调峰能力约束的风电接纳能力范围,然后计算所选电网的风电场穿透功率极限用以表征风电送出问题,再对风电场并网后的电网进行稳定性分析。并对恩施电网进行实例分析,获得恩施电网的风电消纳能力,验证了该方法的可行性。     

电网消纳大规模风电能力分析

随着风电接入电网容量的增加,调峰能力、电网输送空间和安全裕度成为制约电网消纳风电的瓶颈,为此先对电网进行调峰能力计算,得出考虑系统调峰能力约束的风电接纳能力范围,然后计算所选电网的风电场穿透功率极限用以表征风电送出问题,再对风电场并网后的电网进行稳定性分析。并对恩施电网进行实例分析,获得恩施电网的风电消纳能力,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于储能电站提高风电消纳能力的电源规划研究

针对当前电网对大规模风电消纳难的问题,提出在风电开发之初,从规划层面考虑利用储能电站优化区域电力系统的电源结构,提高电网对风电的消纳能力。文章综合考虑环境效益、社会效益、市场竞争力后,以风电消纳能力最大和国民经济投入最小为目标函数,构建了包含火电、储能电站、大规模风电的电源规划模型,并采用允许风电在一定范围内波动这一策略来减少储能电站的投资和运行费用。最后采用改进遗传算法对该模型进行求解,并针对某区域电力系统电源规划进行了仿真计算,结果表明,文章所建的模型既提高了电网对风电的消纳能力,又兼顾了其经济性。     

考虑频率约束的孤网风电渗透率极限评估

大规模具有间歇性、波动性且难以预测的风电接入孤立电网后将会给其频率稳定性带来一系列挑战,以中电投霍林河循环经济示范工程孤立电网为背景,将风电波动视为平稳随机过程并采用平均功率谱密度提取大量风电波动信息,不借助商业软件建立了考虑频率约束的风电渗透率极限评估模型。基于该模型计算了在频率稳定约束下霍林河孤网系统最大风电消纳能力,从而为电网规划提供指导。最后,对不同类型的机组频率响应能力进行分析,考虑增建一部分燃气电站提高电网的风电消纳能力。也为电网后续升级和建设提供了参考依据。     

以电网跟踪备用为约束的风电消纳能力分析模型

文章在研究风电出力特性及其同时率变化的基础上,引入相邻两个连续采样间隔下的风电上网同时率差值指标,通过分析此指标的动态变化情况,以电网跟踪备用为约束条件,计算电网的风电消纳能力。该方法求解过程简捷,适应性强,便于实际工程应用,有利于风电场规划阶段较快估算出电网的消纳能力。文章构建的方法模型考虑利用电网跟踪备用容量来解决风电并网运行时电网的功率不平衡问题,可有效解决风电输出功率波动性引起的电网功率的不平衡,避免风电并网对电网运行的功率扰动。最后,以我国东北地区某风电场出力数据为对象进行分析和论证,结果表明,模型具有一定的合理性与实用性。     

基于时序生产模拟的电网新能源跨区域消纳评估

目前,随着技术的发展,中国电网对新能源发电的需求量越来越大。但新能源发电的随机性和波动性严重制约了电网对其的消纳。因此,基于时序生产模拟的方法进行电网新能源跨区域消纳评估研究,同时,在新能源消纳时,考虑了风电和光伏发电的输出特性、电网约束条件和跨区域电力交换、火电水电出力特性等因素,最后基于粒子群优化算法计算最优消纳值。通过仿真实验分析,该消纳评估方案具有较好的消纳能力。     

基于供热系统热惯性供热机组短时深度参与电网调峰及风电消纳研究

针对我国供热机组占比高的北方寒冷地区特别是东北地区的电网,在冬季供暖期间存在严重弃风的问题,提出了利用供热系统的蓄热特性,供热机组短时深度参与电网调峰及风电消纳的方法,并建立了供热系统热惯性数学模型和含供热系统热惯性供热机组短时深度参与电网调峰及风电消纳的数学模型。结合案例的详细计算说明了配合电网在用电高峰时段,采取供热机组对建筑物提前蓄热的办法,蓄热时间为6. 44 h,在电网低负荷时,供热机组降适当减少供热量进而减少电负荷,利用建筑物和热网的蓄热量满足供热要求,放热时间为8. 26 h,从而获得更加深度调峰容量空间协助电网度过低谷并消纳风电等可再生能源,具有可行性和可操作性。供热机组按最小抽汽量114. 3 t/h运行时,每台机组可为风电并网增加约162. 96 MW的容量。     

蓄热电锅炉负荷参与消纳受阻风电的主从博弈交易决策方法

随着新能源接入电网比例的不断提高,新能源送端电网常规电源调峰能力不足造成的风电消纳受阻问题凸显,急需挖掘负荷的可调节潜力以增加对风电的消纳能力。蓄热电锅炉负荷具有可调节特性,通过合理的市场交易方法激励蓄热电锅炉企业参与调节成为消纳受阻风电的新途径。为此,提出了一种蓄热电锅炉负荷参与消纳受阻风电的主从博弈交易决策方法。首先分析了蓄热电锅炉负荷参与调控对消纳受阻风电的作用机理;其次对蓄热电锅炉负荷参与消纳风电的荷源双边收益以及主从博弈关系进行了研究;基于此,提出了蓄热电锅炉负荷参与消纳受阻风电的主从博弈交易决策方法;最后,采用某新能源送端电网荷源实际运行数据进行仿真分析,验证了所提决策方法可充分调动蓄热电锅炉企业参与消纳风电的积极性,从而有效提升风电消纳能力。     

考虑抽水蓄能及电网运营成本的源荷储协调优化调度

将需求侧响应与抽水蓄能电站纳入系统优化调度,借助需求侧管理与抽水蓄能电站对负荷分布的调控能力以达到提高风电消纳水平和降低电网运营费用的目的。以弃风总量最小和电网购电费用最低为优化目标,并考虑系统功率平衡、机组启停时间、爬坡能力、机组出力界限、系统备用等约束条件,构建含大规模风电的源荷储协调优化调度模型,将模型转化为混合整数问题并应用MOSEK优化软件对其进行求解。算例结果表明,借助需求侧管理与抽水蓄能电站的协作效应,系统对风电消纳能力将有所提高,电网购电费用亦进一步降低。     

梯级水库等效蓄能在风电消纳中的应用

风电并网容量的不断增加,使得电力调峰变成了电力系统消纳风电上最为关键的制约因素之一。针对这一现状,通过深度挖掘梯级水电站之间的反调峰能力,利用梯级水库的可调库容,实现可再生能源过剩时水电厂少发而前者不足时后者多发的效果,即等效成为一个虚拟的抽水储能电站来提高电网的调峰错峰能力和响应特性。最后以考虑区域电网调峰最优化为目标,在现有电网结构不变的情况下,考虑梯级电站的工况转移限制约束,建立了面向风电最大化消纳的梯级电站等效蓄能模型,并以我国西北某地区为例进行分析和验证。     

大规模风电接入对宁夏电网调峰的影响研究

宁夏风电装机增长迅速,随着大规模风电的上网发电,风电有功出力的随机性、间歇性对电力系统调峰的影响日益增大.文章分析了宁夏电网网架结构、负荷以及电源特性.结合宁夏电网2012年实测数据,直观显示了宁夏电网风电出力在不同时段的波动特性,分析了大规模风电接入对宁夏电网调峰能力的影响.文章还评估了宁夏电网2013年典型运行方式下风电接纳水平.结合上述研究结果,文章提出了改善大规模风电接入后宁夏电网调峰能力的方法.     

A novel optimization model for combined wind power accommodation and electric boiler with thermal storage

As the installed capacity of wind power continues to increase, the problem of curtailed wind power is becoming serious in China, especially in the northern region during the winter heating season. To solve the problem of wind‐heat conflict during the heating period in the Three North area, an electric boiler with thermal storage (EBTS) is installed at the end of the grid where wind power is difficult to accommodate and using curtailed wind power to supply heat promotes local accommodation. In this paper, a multi‐objective optimization model of wind power accommodation based on the wind power–EBTS system for heating is established. The goals of maximizing wind power accommodation, minimizing the number of times EBTS must be adjusted, and minimizing operating costs are presented, and a bi‐level optimization scheme is designed. An improved multi‐objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve these functions, and an optimal compromise solution from the generated Pareto solution set is filtered using the fuzzy membership method. Based on actual data from a demonstration project in China's Jilin Province, the simulation results verify that this method can effectively reduce operating costs and improve wind power accommodation.     

含电池储能系统的电热联合系统风电接纳能力评估

为促进风电消纳,减少“弃风”,将电池储能系统（BESS）接入电热联合系统。为考虑风功率的不确定性,基于风功率预测误差的概率特性建立风功率场景概率模型。然后,建立包含BESS的电热联合系统风电接纳能力评估模型。模型具有系统运行成本最低和“弃风”电量最小2个不同维度优化目标,且目标优化之间可能存在冲突。为求解该模型,基于改进主要目标法将其转换为多个单目标优化问题,并采用GAMS中DICOPT求解器给出风电接纳能力评估模型的帕累托解集。基于帕累托解集,从接纳电量和接纳成本两方面对BESS接入后的电热联合系统风电接纳能力进行深入分析。最后进行仿真分析,验证了该文所提模型及求解算法的有效性。     

基于调峰能力分析的电网弃风评估方法及风电弃风影响因素研究

  [目的]  由于风电出力的间歇性、随机性和反调峰特性,大规模可再生能源风电并网造成京津唐地区冬季供热季弃风现象愈加严重。  [方法]  为了能够定量研究电源调峰、联络线外送等弃风因素变化时对电网弃风的影响情况,从而准确衡量不同情形下电网对风电的接纳能力,文章从系统调峰的角度,以电热负荷平衡约束、机组出力约束为条件建立风电弃风评估模型。  [结果]  对京津唐电网弃风情况的模拟结果表明,常规电源调峰越深、联络线外送深度越小,系统接纳风电出力的空间越大;而过快的风电装机容量增长速度和较高的热电机组供热比率,会抑制风电出力,从而导致弃风。  [结论]  因此,可通过激励系统中常规电源积极主动进行调峰、控制联络线外送峰谷差和热电机组出力范围来提高系统接纳风电的能力;而根据未来规划水平,选取某一比例的风电装机容量增长速度,即可确定最佳的风电并网规模,控制弃风电量在一定水平内。     

Analysis of impacts of wind integration in the Tamil Nadu grid

As the share of wind in power systems increases, it is important to assess the impact on the grid. This paper combines analysis of load and generation characteristics, generation adequacy and base and peak load variations to assess the future role of wind generation. A simulation of Tamil Nadu in India, with a high penetration of wind power (27% by installed capacity), shows a capacity credit of 22% of the installed wind capacity. For seasonal wind regimes like India, neither the capacity factor, nor the capacity credit reflects the monthly variation in the wind generation. A new approach based on the annual load duration curve has been proposed for generation expansion planning with higher penetration of wind. The potential savings in base and peak capacity required with increasing wind power have been quantified. A future scenario for Tamil Nadu for 2021 has been illustrated. It was found that 5500 MW of wind power can save 3200 MU of peak energy required or an average peak capacity of 2400 and 1100 MW of base capacity. This analysis would be useful to assess the future impacts of increasing wind capacity in grids.     

适应西北“三型”电网发展形势下的调度运行模式

以西北电网现行调度模式与“三型”电网发展的不适应性为出发点,阐述了新调度运行模式在统筹协调安全运行、跨区外送、风电消纳、水库运用、“三公”调度等综合目标方面的框架要求,重点针对网、省调度间功率控制目标的任务分解与协作配合的问题,提出了3种可供参考的新调度运行模式,并对比分析了各自的优劣性、适用性,为西北电网新调度考核模式的确立提供了探索研究.     

A review on China's wind power accommodation in the background of “Internet+” strategy

The consumption of fossil fuel has resulted in global warming, environmental pollution, and many other crucial problems. Replacing fossil fuel with renewable energy has become an important issue over the recent decades. As a renewable clean energy, wind power is a relatively well‐developed and promising energy method for current technology development in China. Under the background of growing demand for electricity and enhancing awareness for environmental, the “Internet+ wind power” concept has emerged based on both the wind power's characteristics that renewable and non‐polluting, and the rapid development of the Internet in China. Through querying an amount of literature and information, this paper reveals the resource endowment and policy environment about wind power and energy Internet at first. Then, the PEST‐SWOT strategy analysis model is used to analyze the internalities (strengths and weaknesses) and the externalities (opportunities and threats) of “Internet+ wind power”. According to these results, the paper puts forward some measures (development and utilization, business mode) for wind power accommodation. Then some policy recommendations have been proposed. The government should provide favorable conditions for wind power grid with the “Internet+” technology innovation.     

A methodology for analysis of impacts of grid integration of renewable energy

Present electricity grids are predominantly thermal (coal, gas) and hydro based. Conventional power planning involves hydro-thermal scheduling and merit order dispatch. In the future, modern renewables (hydro, solar and biomass) are likely to have a significant share in the power sector. This paper presents a method to analyse the impacts of renewables in the electricity grid. A load duration curve based approach has been developed. Renewable energy sources have been treated as negative loads to obtain a modified load duration curve from which capacity savings in terms of base and peak load generation can be computed. The methodology is illustrated for solar, wind and biomass power for Tamil Nadu (a state in India). The trade-offs and interaction between renewable sources are analysed. The impacts on capacity savings by varying the wind regime have also been shown. Scenarios for 2021–22 have been constructed to illustrate the methodology proposed. This technique can be useful for power planners for an analysis of renewables in future electricity grids.     

碳中和目标下风电消纳量的影响因素分析

分别从风电产量、需求量、政策、硬件配套4个方面选取8项指标,通过多元回归分析和聚类分析法对全国31个省（市、自治区）年风电消纳情况进行定量分析。结果表明：电价是影响消纳的最主要因素,其次政策、配套设施也有较大影响;聚类分析中第3类地区风电消纳整体情况最优,主要体现在风资源情况、政策导向及电网配套方面。据此探讨未来风电消纳提升路径,并提出相应建议及措施：完善政策与制度支持,加快细节性政策的落实和制定;健全碳市场与可再生能源电力市场交易制度及交易体系,利用电价调控市场影响消纳;加强电网等配套设施建设。