电磁悬浮储能飞轮系统的动力学分析

本文对五自由度飞轮储能系统模块进行了动力学分析。先完成了电磁轴承在单自由度方向上电磁力描述，给出了电磁力和控制电流、位移之间的关系；建立整个系统的动力学微分方程，在此基础上，推导出状态空间表达式。基于状态空间完成了系统的稳定性分析，给出了基于线性二次型最优控制的控制器设计方法。     

并网光伏发电系统动态特性的对比分析

大量光伏电站的并网,相应地带来并网稳定性、自身抗扰动性等相关问题。由于单级型光伏并网系统和双级型光伏并网系统的拓扑结构不同,其并网运行的动态特性也不尽相同。文章基于PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真软件,分别搭建单级型和双级型光伏并网系统模型,并对比仿真了光照扰动与电网电压跌落扰动下两种光伏并网系统的动态特性,单级型光伏并网系统更适合于大中型光伏电站。     

储能飞轮中的主动磁轴承技术CSCD

主动磁轴承作为一种先进的支承技术,在飞轮储能系统中得到了成功应用。本文首先介绍了国内外研究机构在飞轮系统中应用主动磁轴承的情况。之后,分别探讨了主动磁轴承应用于高速飞轮需要解决的各个关键技术问题,展望了它在高速飞轮系统中的应用前景。     

风力发电机用飞轮储能智能控制系统研究

针对在风力发电机上具有广泛应用前景的飞轮储能技术,设计了储能系统的矢量控制器硬件电路及实验平台、电机控制系统的主电路和驱动电路、DSP主控板、电压及电流信号的采集系统等。基于矢量控制原理,进行了电机控制系统仿真研究。仿真结果表明,该系统能够精确地实现对电机速度的跟踪。在飞轮储能与风力发电模拟系统的试验中,为了验证控制系统的响应速度及稳态精度,利用交流电网对飞轮充电,有效地实现了飞轮与电机的耦合及飞轮能量的快速存储和释放。     

A dimensionless numerical analysis for the optimization of an active magnetic regenerative refrigerant cycle

Refrigeration by an active magnetic regenerative system (AMR) is potentially more attractive, as compared to conventional techniques. Indeed, devices based upon an AMR cycle are more efficient, compact, environment‐friendly and can operate over a broad range of temperatures. In this paper, attention is focused to the near room‐temperature range. On the other hand, however, the AMR cycle poses a variety of complex problems, in terms of fluid dynamics, heat transfer and magnetic field. In order to identify the optimal operational parameters, the design and optimization of a magnetic refrigeration system can be supported by modelling. In this paper, a dimensionless approach was adopted to simulate an AMR cycle following a Brayton regenerative cycle. In the simulation, the temperature range that has been explored is 260 – 280 K and 275 – 295 K. The heat transfer mediums are, respectively, water–glycol mixture (50% by weight) and pure water. The Gd_0.8Dy_0.2 alloy and pure Gd have been chosen as constituent material for the regenerator of the AMR cycle. With this model, the influence of the different parameters on cycle efficiency has been analysed. In particular, the study has been focused on the influence of the secondary fluid properties, magnetic material particle diameter, fluid blow time, secondary fluid mass flow rate, regenerator geometry and effect of axial thermal conduction. The model enables to find optimal dimensionless numbers in order to maximize the cycle performances. The results can be extended to widely different situations and therefore can be easily employed for the design and the optimization of new experimental prototypes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of the problem of optimal placement and capacity of the hydrogen energy storage system in the power system

Nowadays the trend of increasing the generation units based on renewable energy sources in the electric power system can be observed. Obviously, this is due to the intensifying level of consumer load and demand for electricity. However, renewable generation is characterized by intermittent energy production, which can cause and potential imbalance between generation and demand, especially during off-peak periods. Therefore, in order to ensure a reliable power supply to consumers, it is necessary to use a maneuverable reserve of capacity, such as energy storage systems, in conjunction with the renewable energy source unit. Over the past 10 years, the energy storage market has grown by almost 50%: the installed capacity of energy storage system in the world is about 5 GW. Analysis of the literature on the subject determines the need to study the impact of these devices on the parameters of electric power systems and one of the primary tasks is to determine the optimal location and capacity of energy storage system in the power system. This paper presents the result of solving the task of determining the optimal parameters of a hydrogen energy storage system using the particle swarm optimization method for example a test scheme radial distribution system – 33 bus IEEE. The choice of the type of energy storage is based on such advantages of a hydrogen energy storage system as environmental friendliness, high energy capacity and the ability to store electricity for a long period of time. In addition, compared to lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen energy storage systems have a long life time of about 25 years, during this period of time there is no degradation and significant deterioration of its properties. All these advantages of hydrogen as an energy carrier allow to take into account not only the criterion of total value of active power losses and its maximum reduction respectively, but the possibility and economic efficiency of partial use of the stored hydrogen for other needs when determining the optimal scenario of their operation in the process of discharge.     

A methodology for detection and classification of power quality disturbances using a real‐time operating system in the context of home energy management systems

Demand‐side management comprises a portfolio of actions on the consumers' side to ensure reliable power indices from the electrical system. The home energy management system (HEMS) is used to manage the consumption and production of energy in smart homes. However, the technology of HEMS architecture can be used for the detection and classification of power quality disturbances. This paper presents low‐voltage metering hardware that uses an ARM Cortex M4 and real‐time operating system to detect and classify power quality disturbances. In the context of HEMS, the proposed metering infrastructure can be used as a smart meter, which provides the service of power quality monitoring. For this type of application, there is a need to ensure that the development of this device has an acceptable cost, which is one of the reasons for the choice of an ARM microprocessor. However, managing a wide range of operations (data acquisition, data preprocessing, disturbance detection and classification, energy consumption, and data exchange) is a complex task and, consequently, requires the optimization of the embedded software. To overcome this difficulty, the use of a real‐time operating system provided by Texas Instruments (called TI‐RTOS) is proposed with the objective of managing operations at the hardware level. Thus, a methodology with low computational cost has been defined and embedded. The proposed approach uses a preprocessing stage to extract some features that are used as inputs to detect and classify disturbances. In this way, it was possible to evaluate and demonstrate the performance of the embedded algorithm when applied to synthetic and real power quality signals. Consequently, it is noted that the results are significant in the analysis of power quality in a smart grid scenario, as the smart meter offers low cost and high accuracy in both detecting (an accuracy rate above 90%) and classifying (an average accuracy rate above 94%) disturbances.     

储能电池在风光互补发电系统中的容量配置分析

储能电池是分布式发电系统的关键组件。增加储能电池的容量可以提高发电系统的可靠性,但会增加系统的投资和运行费用。基于上海地区全年8 760 h的气象数据,计算了风光互补发电系统在不同储能容量下的负荷缺电率和能量溢出率的变化。对于独立的风光互补发电系统,在满足能量溢出率小于0.3的情况下,如果系统缺电率维持在1%左右时,需要配置3天的储能容量;如果系统缺电率为0,则需要配置5天的储能容量。     

Application analysis of a superconducting fault current limiter-magnetic energy storage system for the wind farm

风力发电所面临的两大重要问题是低电压穿越能力弱和功率输出不稳定。为了同时解决这两个问题,我们提出了超导限流-储能系统,并进行了单机系统的仿真研究,证实了该方案的有效性。然而对于风电场的应用,目前尚无研究。本文将超导限流-储能系统的应用扩展到风电场,分析了其提高低电压穿越能力和稳定有功功率输出的机理,并进行了仿真研究。从仿真结果来看,超导限流-储能系统能够同时提高风电场所有风机的低电压穿越能力,并能有效地平滑整个风电场的有功输出功率。考虑不同风机的互补效应,将该系统应用于风力发电场与直接应用于单台风机相比,其储能量和功率输出的要求可以大大降低,从而可以有效地减少系统总成本,因而具有更好的应用前景。     

新能源系统储能用铅酸电池使用寿命的影响因素分析

分析了储能铅酸电池的失效模式和影响其使用寿命的内在因素、外在因素以及综合因素。电池内在因素包括电池极板、隔板等部件的质量和电池制造工艺;电池运行的外部因素包括环境温度、欠充电、过放电以及浮充电压的选择等;电池内在因素与外部因素发生综合作用的情况主要包括板栅腐蚀,内部热量失控以及酸分层等。根据储能铅酸电池特殊的工作条件导致的失效问题,结合寿命影响因素的分析,提出了延长寿命的各种对策。     

Analysis of energy demand and CO2 emissions for the Indian aluminium industry using a dynamic programming model

This paper presents a capacity planning model for the Indian aluminium industry based on a linear dynamic programming technique. The model has been used to analyse energy demand and CO₂ emission for the period 1992–2021. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance of PI controller for control of active and reactive power in DFIG operating in a grid-connected variable speed wind energy conversion system

Due to several factors, wind energy becomes an essential type of electricity generation. The share of this type of energy in the network is becoming increasingly important. The objective of this work is to present the modeling and control strategy of a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by the rotor. This paper is to present the complete modeling and simulation of a wind turbine driven DFIG in the second mode of operating (the wind turbine pitch control is deactivated). It will introduce the vector control, which makes it possible to control independently the active and reactive power exchanged between the stator of the generator and the grid, based on vector control concept (with stator flux or voltage orientation) with classical PI controllers. Various simulation tests are conducted to observe the system behavior and evaluate the performance of the control for some optimization criteria (energy efficiency and the robustness of the control). It is also interesting to play on the quality of electric power by controlling the reactive power exchanged with the grid, which will facilitate making a local correction of power factor.