家用老人智能药箱的无障碍人因设计

目的运用人因工程和无障碍设计相关理论,设计一款适合老年人居家使用的智能药箱。方法建立老人智能药箱的人机界面模型,对老人智能药箱的人机界面进行无障碍设计,通过单片机和机械机构进行实现。对药箱的视觉、听觉、触觉界面进行人性化设计,运用单片机原理进行控制,实现语音和文字的吃药提示信息的显示,运用机械装置实现药匣的自动弹出功能。结论家用老人智能药箱的无障碍人因设计充分考虑了老人的生理和心理特性,实现提醒老人按时、准确吃药的功能。     

基于感性工学的老年智能药箱外观造型设计研究

在设计中用户的情感需求是产品创新的关键点,为了进一步获取老年用户对智能药箱外观造型的感性需求。首先,该文提出了基于感性工学的智能药箱外观造型设计研究。其次,以感性工学为理论支撑,采用感性工学中的语义差异分析法和层次分析法分析现有产品,借助意向尺度图将用户的感性意向转化为数理设计要素,以设计老年人智能药箱的外观造型。最后,通过Likert量表验证了感性工学能够应用于设计领域并为设计服务。     

融合KANO和感性工学的老年家用药箱设计方法

目的 运用KANO模型和感性工学相关研究方法,设计一款老年家用智能医药箱。方法 应用KANO评价法分析老年人对家用智能医药箱的特殊需求,通过敏感度矩阵坐标图对需求的优先级进行排序,并搜集感性词汇,通过问卷调查法筛选和整理感性词汇,建立产品样本库,选取典型样本,分析语义评价法获得的数据,将用户模糊的感性意向转变成真实可用的数据,最后提取出设计元素融入老年智能药箱的设计中。结果 通过研究KANO评价法获得的老年人对智能药箱的需求,以及基于感性工学提取的颜色、材质、造型、功能等设计元素,以完成老年人家用智能医药箱的设计工作。结论 按照设计流程,分析老年用户对家用药箱的特殊需求,将用户内心的感性元素转化为真实的数据并应用到设计中,设计出真正符合用户需求的产品。在设计过程中,除了要考虑理性的产品设计要素之外,还要对用户内心的感性因素进行分析,并从目标用户视角出发进行设计实践。     

曲柄板夹具设计

曲柄板专用夹具的设计是加工曲柄板工艺中重要的工艺装备,设计专用夹具中对曲柄板的六点自由度进行分析,对夹具的设计方案进行分析和方案的制定,确定夹具总体设计制造方案,包括定位和夹紧后的加工方法。通过加工使工件的质量和效率提高许多,实现大批量加工使用夹具的优越性。     

面向产业化的光学相干断层成像仪用户体验设计

目的 以光学相干断层成像扫描系统为研究对象,以产业化为导向,结合人本设计、用户体验设计理论,探讨如何更好地使其适应中国市场需求,提高产品使用效率和精准度,缓解患者紧张心理,促进医疗设施智慧化发展。方法 根据人本设计和包容性设计的原则,采用桌面研究和用户调研的方法,确定了传统光学相干断层成像扫描系统在用户使用过程中的影响因素与需求。结合以上信息和品牌设计理念,设计了适用于中国市场的光学相干断层成像扫描系统,并将其模块化,为医疗机构提供智能化改进方案,延长设备寿命并提供升级改造的空间。结果 提高了产品的使用便捷性和精准度,降低了因地区、群体不同产生的仪器测绘偏差,同时成功缓解了患者使用设备时可能产生的心理障碍。此外,本方案也符合Carl Zeiss公司的设计规范,提供了智能医疗的设计新思路。结论 通过将人本设计、用户体验设计等理念应用于光学相干断层成像扫描系统的产业化流程中,打造符合中国市场需求的新兴产品,对公共医疗设施的设计具有指导性意义,同时为其他医疗设施的设计与规范提供实践参考。     

交互设计中的行为分析在社区公共设施的应用

目的 分析当前城市公共空间设施的非正规使用现象,探索交互设计理念对提升社区公共空间设施质量的作用.方法 以使用者的行为分析为基础,深度解读使用者的行为习惯及其规律,并引入"产品交互设计"理念,强调"环境—产品—人—产品—人—环境"的循环设计思想,加强公共设施在设计过程中与使用者的互动;并通过行为分析结果,指导公共设施的产品原型设计,继而把产品原型投放使用,在一定的周期内观察记录,得出产品的使用后评价报告,以及公共设施的优化方案,供决策者和设计者参考.结论 交互设计理念中的行为分析能为设计者提供科学的数据,帮助设计者深入了解使用者的需求,有效促进产品设计的科学性,对提升公共空间产品设计有重要意义.     

基于模块化的大型体育赛事公共设施设计研究

目的 通过探究模块化理论在大型体育赛事公共设施设计中的应用策略,为其在具体设计时融入可持续理念提供新的思路。方法 从公共设施对大型体育赛事的积极助益切入,通过梳理大型体育赛事中的公共设施现状,对现存的问题进行总结。同时,通过分析模块化设计的定义、特点和优势,探索如何利用其解决上述问题。基于此,总结出设计时需要注重的五种设计要素和三条设计原则。结果 依托北京冬奥会竞赛场馆公共设施进行具体实践,梳理了竞赛场馆、运动项目、交互技术和公共设施之间的关系,生成了具体的设计方案。方案可以在赛前和赛后被放置在城市空间中,用来宣传冬奥理念并纪念冬奥会的举办,最终形成赛前宣传-赛时体验-赛后纪念的可循环使用体系。结论 模块化理论在大型体育赛事公共设施设计中的应用具有现实意义,它不仅能够有效解决公共设施在不同场馆中的适用性问题,还能通过可循环使用的模式,使这些设施在非赛时能够持续利用,延续赛事的影响,并传递可持续发展的理念。     

城市道路改造设计理念及设计要点分析

该文以城市道路改造工程案例为切入点,对城市道路改造设计理念及设计要点进行了分析,所得结论如下：1）现阶段城市道路改造工程需要遵循的设计理念包括以人为本设计理念、精细化设计理念和“高品质”街道设计理念等。2）该文对城市道路设计工作要点进行了分析,根据城市道路设计要点,并结合相关规范要求,确定市政道路旧路改造工程中各设计关键点的建议值。在一定程度上为后续城市道路改造设计工作提供借鉴。     

周转铝箱的轻量化设计

目的 以某周转铝箱作为研究对象,通过有限元分析方法和正交试验设计对周转铝箱进行轻量化设计,以解决结构强度设计过剩的问题。方法 利用有限元分析软件Ansys Workbench对周转铝箱进行堆码工况的仿真分析,通过2个失效准则对分析结果进行评价,基于正交试验设计优化方案,通过Matlab软件对优化方案进行数学模型的建立及计算。结果 通过仿真分析,第1阶模态载荷因子为6.98,基于失效准则,周转铝箱的安全余量较大。根据极差分析,以箱体自身质量为唯一指标,确定了周转铝箱箱体侧柱厚度尺寸对箱体自身质量的影响最大,继而通过Matlab进行数学模型的建立以及计算,轻量化方案在满足工况使用条件的同时箱体的自身质量减少了9.88%。结论 轻量化设计后的周转铝箱符合强度失效和稳定失效2个准则,且满足实际工况使用条件,进一步说明采用正交试验法和有限元分析法进行轻量化设计的方案是可行的,实现了成本的减少,也提高了材料的利用率。     

DMAIC流程在AC-pin铆接质量改进中的应用

通过对C企业AC-pin铆接过程系统实施六西格玛DMAIC流程来提高AC-pin铆接质量。首先,对问题进行定义,明确项目的改进范围和改进目标。接着,分析AC-pin铆接过程的主要缺陷类型,并对相关测量系统进行评价与改进。在此基础上,进一步分析导致AC-pin铆接缺陷的根本原因,并确定相应的改进方案,使AC-pin铆接缺陷由先前的7000ppm降到500ppm以下,同时产量得到显著提高。最后,对关键质量特性建立相应的控制方案和纠偏措施,以使改进成果得以保持。DMAIC流程在AC-pin铆接质量改进中的成功应用有助于促进六西格玛管理在我国企业的有效实施,提升企业的质量管理水平。     

Designing New Housing at the University of Miami: A “Six Sigma” DMADV/DFSS Case Study

The “Six Sigma” management DMADV model is used in this paper to design a new dormitory concept at the University of Miami. It is intended to provide a roadmap for conducting a Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) project.     

On the evaluation of Six Sigma projects

Most of the research on the success in implementing Six Sigma agrees upon the fact that one of the key success factors is the selection of profitable projects. This seems to be especially important for high‐risk, large‐scope and long‐term projects, as is mostly the case in the design for Six Sigma projects. The purpose of this paper is to outline Six Sigma project characteristics and to present a new model for evaluating Six Sigma projects. To design a Six Sigma project evaluation model, we utilized mathematical optimization modeling techniques and real options theory. The model allows for the quantification of not only the project's value prior to its start but also its progress and the consideration of possible decisions based on this progress. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Role of Statistical Design of Experiments in Six Sigma: Perspectives of a Practitioner

Six Sigma has now been well recognized as an effective means of attaining excellence in the quality of products and services. It entails the use of statistical thinking as well as management and operational tools to bring about fundamental improvements. This article explains, in a nonmathematical language, the rationale and mechanics of design of experiments as seen in its deployment in Six Sigma. It also outlines the way in which the design of experiments has been utilized in the past for quality improvement, culminating in its important role in Six Sigma. An appreciation of the changing scope of experimental design applications over the years and in the future would provide useful perspectives on the significance of Six Sigma in an organization's quest for quality excellence.     

Integration of PCA and DEA for identifying and improving the impact of Six Sigma implementation on job characteristics in an automotive industry

This study presents an integrated approach, based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods, to evaluate the influence of Six Sigma deployment on key job characteristics in an automotive industry. The job characteristics are defined as satisfaction, stress, and security. A standard questionnaire is designed and distributed among the employees at the company's production site, who were affected by the implementation of Six Sigma. DEA and PCA methods are applied to measure the performance of the sub-groups of employees in the company. Consequently, the most efficient and inefficient sub-groups are determined. According to the findings of this investigation, it was perceived that the implementation of Six Sigma has had the greatest impact on job satisfaction. Additionally, a design of experiment was carried out to recognize the most effective job factor, which was identified to be the overall working conditions for the related case study. This is the first study that integrates DEA and PCA toward identifying and optimizing job characteristics in terms of Six Sigma implementation. The approach, employed in this study, can be easily used in the other manufacturing systems, in order to assist them to identify and improve their key job characteristics.     

Six Sigma in industry: some observations after twenty‐five years

Six Sigma has enjoyed considerable popularity in the industry for about a quarter of a century. While the standard contents of Six Sigma have been described and discussed widely, some little articulated aspects of Six Sigma implementation deserve the attention of serious practitioners. In this paper, a ‘5W+1H’ (What, Why, When Where, Who, How) format is used to elucidate the nature of Six Sigma in a non‐mathematical discussion, followed by observations peculiar to the usual mode of development of Six Sigma professionals. It is pointed out that Six Sigma has Statistical Thinking as its foundation; for Six Sigma and its associated frameworks such as Design for Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma to continue to be effective, it is important that users have a clear understanding of the nature of Six Sigma and be able to address the related challenges in practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

六西格玛在广州市规划局IT运维服务质量管理中的应用

论文总结了目前广州市规划局IT运维服务工作中存在的一些问题,介绍了使用六西格玛管理方法测量IT运维服务流程、发现服务流程缺陷、改善服务质量,指出六西格玛管理方法与IT服务管理密切结合是提高用户满意度的有效方法。     

Evaluating Six Sigma failure rate for inverse Gaussian cycle times

Six Sigma is a quality philosophy and methodology that aims to achieve operational excellence and delighted customers. The cost of poor quality depends on the sigma quality level and its corresponding failure rate. Six Sigma provides a well-defined target of 3.4 defects per million. This failure rate is commonly evaluated under the assumption that the process is normally distributed and its specifications are two-sided. However, these assumptions may lead to implementation of quality-improvement strategies that are based on inaccurate evaluations of quality costs and profits. This paper defines the relationship between failure rate and sigma quality level for inverse Gaussian processes. The inverse Gaussian distribution has considerable applications in describing cycle times, product life, employee service times, and so on. We show that for these processes attaining Six Sigma target failure rate requires higher quality efforts than for normal processes. A generic model is presented to characterise cycle times in manufacturing systems. In this model, the asymptotic production is described by a drifted Brownian motion, and the cycle time is evaluated by using the first passage time theory of a Wiener process to a boundary. The proposed method estimates the right efforts required to reach Six Sigma goals.     

A study on the improvements of new product development procedure performance–an application of design for Six Sigma in a semi-conductor equipment manufacturer

With the pressure of intensive global competition and the trend of shortening product life-cycle, the procedure for new product development (NPD) has become the focus of business concerns and investment of large corporations and the key strategy to upgrade competitiveness of corporations. An effective NPD procedure can meet the demands on quality, time-to-delivery and cost limitations of a corporation. Measuring and analysing the performance of the existing NPD procedure and pinpointing and resolving the problems of the existing NPD procedure is the key to improve the NPD performance to meet a corporation's demands. Six Sigma is a systemic procedure commonly used to improve product quality. This paper proposes a model to evaluate and improve the performance of NPD procedures by following the systemic procedure of Six Sigma and applying criteria defined by application of performance matrix, factor analysis, and theory of constraints. The resulting model is then verified with real life NPD procedures from a certain semi-conductor equipment manufacturer such that corporative competitiveness can be enhanced through the elevating cycle of performance evaluation, problem excavation, causes analysis, and countermeasure determination and execution proposed by this paper.     

Lean,Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma: an analysis based on operations strategy

There is a growing need for operations management models that contribute to the continuous improvement of company processes, among them we highlight lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and, more recently, Lean Six Sigma (LSS). This article aims (1) to identify and analyse the differences and complementarities in the production decision areas for each one of the three models; (2) to identify the competitive priorities that lead to the best performance as a result of policies followed in the decision areas as a result of the adopted model. First, a theoretical conceptual model was developed based on a review of the literature, followed by a exploratory research questions applied to manufacturing companies that use the lean, Six Sigma or LSS manufacturing models in southern Brazil. The main results show that there are differences in the models in relation to the importance of the decision areas and the performance achieved in the competitive priorities. Individually, lean manufacturing, Six Sigma and LSS have varying degrees of importance in the Facilities, Vertical Integration and Production Planning and Control decision areas. The performance dimensions with the best performance are speed, quality, reliability and cost.     

A new model to implement Six Sigma in small- and medium-sized enterprises

The Six Sigma approach improves the quality of products in order to ensure customers’ satisfaction. This approach has yielded to interesting results for large enterprises. However, its implementation remains difficult for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME). In fact, the use of the same tools is insufficient to achieve the objectives when considering financial constraints and the lack of data. The regular tools are complex for SMEs which require an adapted model to implement the approach successfully. In this paper, we propose a new model having the objective to facilitate the integration of Six Sigma in SMEs by avoiding the use of Black Belts, optimising the implementation costs and period, simplifying the Six Sigma structure and enhancing the communication between staff and managers. The model includes two imbricated loops: the first offers immediate improvement actions by estimating the capability and the stability of the process, while the second provides profound improvement actions using the fuzzy logic system and the analytic hierarchical process (AHP) method. An example illustrates the application of the proposed model in an SME.