水声扩频通信中多普勒估计与补偿算法研究

通信系统普遍受多普勒效应影响,因而载波同步成为通信中的一项关键技术。在水声通信中,由于声速有限,信道中的多普勒效应的影响更为明显。该文在一个基于软件无线电机制的水声扩频通信系统中,对水声信道的多普勒效应进行分析和建模,并在此基础上提出了一种有效的水声扩频多普勒估计与补偿算法。仿真实验表明,算法能够在-22 dB的情况下有效地对15 m/s以内产生的多普勒频移进行估计与补偿。算法经过海试测试,在6节速度及加速减速过程中,系统均能够成功地完成载波同步。     

一种水声通信Turbo均衡中的软迭代信道估计算法

 Turbo均衡技术是水声相干通信克服信道多径、消除码间干扰(ISI)的有效工具。Turbo均衡实际使用时需要对时变、多径信道进行良好的估计。为了提高信道估计的效果,该文基于时变横向滤波和相位旋转信道模型,提出一种水声通信Turbo均衡中的软迭代信道估计算法。该算法采用快速自优化最小均方算法得到各数据符号处的横向滤波器系数矢量并与二阶锁相环联合优化计算。通过仿真比较,该算法明显优于硬迭代信道估计算法,且相位估计性能优于其他文献中的软迭代信道估计算法。在海上试验中,水声通信距离5 km,方向近似垂直,接收阵起伏周期10 s,起伏幅度5 m左右,在此情况下进行数据采集。将该算法用于对海试数据的单通道Turbo均衡处理,实现无误码输出,验证了所提算法在软迭代信道相位估计方面的优势。     

基于扩展路径识别算法的水声OFDM系统低复杂度迭代稀疏信道估计

移动OFDM水声通信系统中,基于压缩感知的稀疏信道估计方法计算量较大,不适用于实时通信。针对这一问题,该文基于一致多普勒信道模型提出一种扩展路径识别(GPI)算法。该方法首先使用信道多普勒扩展矩阵构造等效发射序列,将多普勒信道转化为等效线性时不变信道。然后使用GPI算法估计信道多普勒及各路径的时延及幅度参数,实现低复杂度稀疏信道估计。此外,该文将GPI算法扩展到Turbo接收机中,通过利用信道译码器反馈的数据符号先验信息迭代提高信道估计精度。仿真结果表明,所提方法的性能优于传统的路径识别算法,且与OMP算法接近,而其计算量远低于后者。     

基于扩展路径识别算法的水声OFDM系统低复杂度迭代稀疏信道估计

移动OFDM水声通信系统中,基于压缩感知的稀疏信道估计方法计算量较大,不适用于实时通信.针对这一问题,该文基于一致多普勒信道模型提出一种扩展路径识别(GPI)算法.该方法首先使用信道多普勒扩展矩阵构造等效发射序列,将多普勒信道转化为等效线性时不变信道.然后使用GPI算法估计信道多普勒及各路径的时延及幅度参数,实现低复杂度稀疏信道估计.此外,该文将GPI算法扩展到Turbo接收机中,通过利用信道译码器反馈的数据符号先验信息迭代提高信道估计精度.仿真结果表明,所提方法的性能优于传统的路径识别算法,且与OMP算法接近,而其计算量远低于后者.     

水声协作通信中的自适应频域多普勒补偿研究

针对水声协作通信中的节点存在相对运动引起的多普勒效应,提出一种自适应频域多普勒补偿算法。该算法根据单载波频域均衡的输出估计相位,而后据此更新插值因子以更好地补偿多普勒频移。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性,且优于传统的多普勒补偿方法。     

跳频信号互模糊函数相参积累时差和速度差估计方法

在运动多站定位场景下，宽带跳频通信信号的载频跳变会产生变化的多普勒频移，因此无法直接利用跳频信号的多个不同脉冲估计多普勒频率差，若仅估计单个跳频脉冲的时频差，则精度低而无法满足定位要求。针对此问题，提出了一种基于互模糊函数相参积累的宽带跳频信号时差和多普勒速度差估计方法。首先将宽带跳频信号的多普勒效应差建模为多普勒速度差，从而无需对多普勒频差进行估计，避免载频跳变对多普勒效应差估计造成影响，并建立了时变时差的时差和速度差信号模型。然后对各单跳信号的互模糊函数进行相位补偿以实现相位对齐，通过对相参积累后的互模糊函数进行时差和速度差的二维峰值搜索，可以得到多跳频脉冲信号初始时刻时差和速度差的相参估计结果。最后以Link16数据链信号为例对算法进行了仿真实验，验证了算法的正确性与精度优势。     

高速移动条件下的多普勒频移估计与校正

在遥测遥控通信系统中,经常会遇到发射机或接收机具有很高的移动速度。这将导致接收机接收到的数据包含很大的多普勒（Doppler）频移。多普勒效应使得接收数据的相位发生旋转,这将造成接收信号无法正确解调。对高速移动条件下的数字通信系统中存在的多普勒频移问题进行研究,并对盲估计算法与训练序列估计算法的性能进行比较与分析,并对采用训练序列算法估计频偏和相偏的FPGA实现过程中存在的主要问题进行讨论并提出解决方案。最后,仿真结果表明,所提到的硬件实现算法能够很好地估计和校正频偏与相偏。     

振动条件下机载合成孔径激光雷达成像处理

该文研究了单探测器和顺轨双探测器机载合成孔径激光雷达在振动条件下的成像处理问题。根据平台振动在短时间内对成像影响小的特点,基于单探测器激光雷达研究了子孔径成像与相位梯度自聚焦相结合的成像处理方法。为获得方位向长条带图像,分别使用了条带相位梯度自聚焦方法和基于多普勒中心频率估计的子孔径图像拼接方法,并分析比较了二者的性能。针对单探测器激光雷达的不足,提出了基于顺轨双探测器干涉处理的振动相位误差估计与补偿方法。仿真分析结果验证了该文方法的有效性。      

基于多普勒谱优化的HRWS SAR系统通道相位偏差估计算法

方位多通道SAR系统通过抑制多普勒模糊,能够实现高分辨率和宽测绘带(HRWS)对地观测。针对通道间幅相偏差会导致成像结果中出现目标模糊分量的问题,该文提出一种通道相位偏差估计算法。该算法利用通道间相位偏差会造成多通道重构方位谱在主瓣内展宽的特性,通过优化多谱勒谱能够实现通道相位偏差的有效估计。该算法在通道相位偏差估计前不需要进行多普勒中心估计,减小了由多普勒中心估计不准引入的误差,并且在低信噪比的情况下仍然具有良好的估计性能。基于仿真数据和实测数据的实验验证了该文算法的有效性。     

合成孔径激光雷达成像算法

作为一种相干探测体制雷达,合成孔径激光雷达,以光外差探测技术记录目标的强度和相位信息,距离向原始数据为解线频调信号,文中把合成孔径雷达距离多普勒成像算法,推广至合成孔径激光雷达。详细分析了聚焦成像的相位补偿和距离徙动校正。最后用该算法处理了正侧视条带模式合成孔径激光雷达点目标的原始数据,得到了良好的成像结果。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks