一种基于目标边界的不变特征提取方法

提出了一种基于目标边界的不变特征提取方法。导出了用物体角点坐标表示的低阶边界矩的闭合形式,构造了基于边界矩的仿射变换不变量。该方法只需要对物体角点进行简单的代数运算,因此,该方法简单明了,计算量很小。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

Minimal Decomposition of Model-Based Invariants

Model-based invariants are relations between model parameters and image measurements, which are independent of the imaging parameters. Such relations are true for all images of the model. Here we describe an algorithm which, given L independent model-based polynomial invariants describing some shape, will provide a linear re-parameterization of the invariants. This re-parameterization has the properties that: (i) it includes the minimal number of terms, and (ii) the shape terms are the same in all the model-based invariants. This final representation has 2 main applications: (1) it gives new representations of shape in terms of hyperplanes, which are convenient for object recognition; (2) it allows the design of new linear shape from motion algorithms. In addition, we use this representation to identify object classes that have universal invariants.     

3D object recognition using invariants of 2D projection curves

This paper presents a new method for recognizing 3D objects based on the comparison of invariants of their 2D projection curves. We show that Euclidean equivalent 3D surfaces imply affine equivalent 2D projection curves that are obtained from the projection of cross-section curves of the surfaces onto the coordinate planes. Planes used to extract cross-section curves are chosen to be orthogonal to the principal axes of the defining surfaces. Projection curves are represented using implicit polynomial equations. Affine algebraic and geometric invariants of projection curves are constructed and compared under a variety of distance measures. Results are verified by several experiments with objects from different classes and within the same class.     

Pose estimation and object identification using complex algebraic representations

The comparison and alignment of two similar objects is a fundamental problem in pattern recognition and computer vision that has been considered using various approaches. In this work, we employ a complex representation for an algebraic curve, and illustrate how the algebraic transformation which relates two Euclidean equivalent curves can be determined using this representation. The idea is based on a complex representation of 2D points expressed in terms of the orthogonalx andy variables, with rotations of the complex numbers described using Euler's identity. We develop a simple formula for integer multiples of the rotation angle of the Euclidean transformation in terms of the real coefficients of implicit polynomial equations that are used to model 2D free-form objects. When there is a translation, it can be determined using some new results on the conic-line factors of implicit polynomial curves. Experimental results are presented for data sets characterised by both noisy and missing data points to illustrate and validate our procedures.     

The 3L algorithm for fitting implicit polynomial curves andsurfaces to data

We introduce a completely new approach to fitting implicit polynomial geometric shape models to data and to studying these polynomials. The power of these models is in their ability to represent nonstar complex shapes in two(2D) and three-dimensional (3D) data to permit fast, repeatable fitting to unorganized data which may not be uniformly sampled and which may contain gaps, to permit position-invariant shape recognition based on new complete sets of Euclidean and affine invariants and to permit fast, stable single-computation pose estimation. The algorithm represents a significant advancement of implicit polynomial technology for four important reasons. First, it is orders of magnitude taster than existing fitting methods for implicit polynomial 2D curves and 3D surfaces, and the algorithms for 2D and 3D are essentially the same. Second, it has significantly better repeatability, numerical stability, and robustness than current methods in dealing with noisy, deformed, or missing data. Third, it can easily fit polynomials of high, such as 14th or 16th, degree. Fourth, additional linear constraints can be easily incorporated into the fitting process, and general linear vector space concepts apply     

Model-Based Recognition of 3D Curves From One View

It is well known that there are no geometric invariants of a projection from 3D to 2D. However, given some modeling assumptions about the 3D object, such invariants can be found. The modeling assumptions should be sufficiently strong to enable us to find such invariants, but not stronger than necessary. In this paper we find such modeling assumptions for general 3D curves under affine projection. We show, for example, that if one of the two affine curvatures is known along the 3D curve, the other can be found from the curve's 2D image. We can also derive the point correspondence between the curve and its image. We also deal with point sets and direction vectors.     

基于隐含多项式曲线欧氏不变量物体识别

目标物体的识别和匹配在计算机视觉、图像视频压缩与传输中都有重要应用。隐含多项式曲线对物体有良好的描述能力,用它识别和匹配目标物体是很有效的。文章给出了任意次隐含多项式曲线欧氏几何不变量的计算方法,理论证明这些不变量是完全独立的并且是完备的。文中的实验证明基于这些欧氏不变量能较好地识别发生欧氏变换的目标物体。     

基于组合不变矩和神经网络的三维物体识别

在三维物体识别系统中,提出将三维物体的Hu不变矩和仿射不变矩两者的低阶矩组合作为三维物体的特征,结合改进的BP神经网络应用于三维物体的分类识别。理论分析和仿真实验表明组合这两种矩特征进行物体识别,性能优于单独使用Hu不变矩,如果进一步对这两种组合的矩特征进行主成分分析处理,可显著提高系统识别性能,并减少网络的训练时间。     

Affine moment invariants generated by graph method

The paper presents a general method of an automatic deriving affine moment invariants of any weights and orders. The method is based on representation of the invariants by graphs. We propose an algorithm for eliminating reducible and dependent invariants. This method represents a systematic approach to the generation of all relevant moment features for recognition of affinely distorted objects. We also show the difference between pseudoinvariants and true invariants.     

Combined blur and affine moment invariants and their use in pattern recognition

The paper is devoted to the recognition of objects and patterns deformed by imaging geometry as well as by unknown blurring. We introduce a new class of features invariant simultaneously to blurring with a centrosymmetric PSF and to affine transformation. As we prove in the paper, they can be constructed by combining affine moment invariants and blur invariants derived earlier. Combined invariants allow to recognize objects in the degraded scene without any restoration.     

基于几何不变量的图像特征识别

图像的特征识别是图像处理和识别中的一个重要问题，几何不变量作为特征的特征值在很多领域已经得到了广泛的应用。实际中，普遍采用在仿射变换及射影变换下保持不变的仿射、射影不变量作为特征值。本文根据具体图像的特点，利用4类仿射和射影不变量构成特征的特征值空间，依据4步识别策略来识别图像中的特征点，从而完成识别任务。实验表明，这4类不变量能够较好地识别出实际图像中的特征。     

An automatic method for generating affine moment invariants

Affine moment invariants are important if one wants to recognize the surface of a plane in three dimensions when the orientation of the plane is not known beforehand and only two-dimensional information is available. The notion of generating function is introduced as a simple and straightforward way to derive various affine invariants. By this notion, we can get the explicit construction of much more affine moment invariants. Based on this conclusion, a large set of invariant polynomials can be generated automatically and immediately by the algorithm we have designed. These new affine moment invariants can be applied to recognize the image. Approaches in this paper will improve the practicability of affine invariants in object recognition applications.     

基于空间透视不变量的摄象机标定方法

本文给出了一种以空间不变量的数据来计算摄象机外部参数的方法．空间透视不变量是指在几何变换中如投影或改变观察点时保持不变的形状描述．由于它可以得到一个相对于外界来讲独立的物体景物的特征描述，故可以很广泛的应用到计算机视觉等方面．摄象机标定是确定摄象机摄取的２Ｄ图象信息及其３Ｄ实际景物的信息之间的变换关系，它包括内部参数和外部参数两个部分．内部参数表征的是摄象机的内部特征和光学特征参数，包括图象中心（Ｃｘ，Ｃｙ）坐标、图象尺度因子Ｓｘ、有效的焦距长度ｆ和透镜的畸变失真系数Ｋ；外部参数表示的是摄象机的位置和方向在世界坐标中的坐标参数，它包括平移矩阵Ｔ和旋转矩阵Ｒ３×３，一般情况下可以写成一个扩展矩阵［ＲＴ］３×４．本文基于空间透视不变量的计算数据，给出了一种标定摄象机外部参数的方法，实验结果表明该方法具有很强的鲁棒性．     

Determination of blur and affine combined invariants by normalization

The determination of invariant characteristics is an important problem in pattern recognition. In many situations, images to be processed are usually subjected to geometric distortion and/or blur degradation. In this paper, we introduce an approach to derive blur and affine combined invariants (BAI). Firstly, we normalize the image to a standard form by using blur invariant moments as normalization constraints. Then, we construct the blur and affine combined invariants at the standard form. Using the method proposed in this paper, a set of blur and affine combined invariant features can be obtained easily and effectively. Several experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the invariants for simultaneously affine deformed and blur degraded images.     

一类带形状参数的类四次三角Bézier曲线

本文给出了带形状参数的类四次三角多项式Bézier曲线。由五个控制顶点生成的曲线不仅具有类似于四次Bézier曲线的诸多性质,而且其形状可由一个参数进行调节,使得该曲线具有更强的表现能力。参数有明确的几何意义:参数越大,曲线越逼近控制多边形,具有比四次Bézier曲线更好的逼近性。曲线无需有理形式即可精确表示圆、椭圆、抛物线等二次曲线弧。为便于自由曲线的设计,还讨论了两段曲线的拼接性,并给出了曲线G2和C3连续的拼接条件。应用实例表明,该曲线在计算机辅助几何设计中具有较高的应用价值。     

一种新的平面开曲线形状距离的度量

平面曲线形状识别是最基本的模式识别问题，然而这个问题至今仍然未能很好地解决。其困难在于难以给出两条曲线的形状差别的定量描述。本文为基于曲率表示的两条平面开曲线的等形下了严格的数学定义，从而找到了一种新的形状距离度量，并且证明了这种形状距离的计算问题可以转化为一个泛函的极值问题，同时给出了求解形状距离的微分方程。由于解这个微分方程是困难的，实验中采用粗略的分段匹配法。本文还介绍了算法的程序实现，尤其是离散情况下的曲线的曲率表示，并且用基于动量守恒的高斯滤波解决了曲率法表示曲线的噪声敏感性问题。实验表明本文提出的形状距离度量方法是有效的。     

Recognition of Symmetrical Images Using Affine Moment Invariants in both Frequency and Spatial Domains

: In this paper, a new set of affine moment invariants is proposed in the frequency domain. By thresholding the magnitude of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of affine transformation-related images, new images which are also related by affine transformation are constructed. Then some affine invariant features in the frequency domain are obtained from the reconstructed images. Experimental results are given to show that the new affine invariants are less sensitive to noise and the recognition rate is increased when using both the available spatial domain and the proposed frequency domain affine moment invariants. Received: 10 October 2000, Received in revised form: 25 July 2001, Accepted: 25 July 2001